生物多样性 ›› 2010, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (4): 420-427. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.420
• 论文 • 上一篇
杜建国1, 陈彬1,*(), 卢振彬2, 宋普庆1, 许章程1, 俞炜炜1, 宋希坤3
收稿日期:
2010-05-17
接受日期:
2010-07-24
出版日期:
2010-07-20
发布日期:
2010-07-20
通讯作者:
陈彬
作者简介:
*E-mail: chenbin910@yahoo.com.cn基金资助:
Jianguo Du1, Bin Chen1,*(), Zhenbin Lu2, Puqing Song1, Zhangcheng Xu1, Weiwei Yu1, Xikun Song3
Received:
2010-05-17
Accepted:
2010-07-24
Online:
2010-07-20
Published:
2010-07-20
Contact:
Bin Chen
摘要:
利用2008年5月和10月在泉州湾进行的拖网渔业资源调查资料, 探讨了该海域鱼类群落结构和物种多样性特征。结果表明, 两次拖网调查共鉴定鱼类54种, 隶属于2纲13目32科。其中中上层鱼类12种, 近底层鱼类19种, 底层鱼类23种; 暖水性鱼类40种, 暖温性鱼类14种, 未发现冷温性和冷水性种类; 杂食性鱼类4种, 低级肉食性鱼类37种, 中级肉食性鱼类8种, 高级肉食性鱼类5种。白姑鱼(Argyrosomus argentatus)和叫姑鱼(Johnius belengerii)是5月份最主要的优势种, 凤鲚(Coilia mystus)和龙头鱼(Harpodon nehereus)是10月份最主要的优势种。与1985年的调查资料相比, 泉州湾鱼类组成和优势种发生了很大的变化, 多样性指数由3.05下降到2.32, 均匀度指数由0.76下降到0.58, 营养级指数由2.79下降到2.54。泉州湾鱼类多样性下降的主要原因可能是过度捕捞、水域污染和栖息地丧失等。
杜建国, 陈彬, 卢振彬, 宋普庆, 许章程, 俞炜炜, 宋希坤 (2010) 泉州湾海域鱼类多样性及营养级变化. 生物多样性, 18, 420-427. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.420.
Jianguo Du, Bin Chen, Zhenbin Lu, Puqing Song, Zhangcheng Xu, Weiwei Yu, Xikun Song (2010) Changes of fish diversity and trophic levels in Quanzhou Bay. Biodiversity Science, 18, 420-427. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.420.
营养级 Trophic level | 重量百分比 Weight Percentage | 尾数百分比 Individual Percentage | 适温性 Temperature | 生态型 Habitat | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
暖水性 Warm water species | 暖温性 Warm temperature species | 中上层Pelagic fish | 近底层 Near demersal fish | 底层 Demersal fish | |||||||
杂食性 Omnivores | |||||||||||
鲻鱼 Mugil cephalus | 0.03 | 0.03 | √ | √ | |||||||
丽叶鲹 Caranx kalla | 0.14 | 0.11 | √ | √ | |||||||
青鳞小沙丁鱼 Sardinella zunasi | 0.05 | 0.04 | √ | √ | |||||||
斑鰶 Clupanodon punctatus | 0.53 | 0.14 | √ | √ | |||||||
低级肉食性 Lower carnivorous | |||||||||||
康氏小公鱼 Stolephorus commersonii | 0.02 | 0.19 | √ | √ | |||||||
拟矛尾鰕虎鱼 Parachaeturichthys polynema | 0.01 | 0.06 | √ | √ | |||||||
矛尾鰕虎鱼 Chaeturichthys stigmatias | 0.02 | 0.03 | √ | √ | |||||||
鳓鱼 Ilisha elongate | 0.46 | 0.23 | √ | √ | |||||||
赤鼻棱鳀 Thrissa kammalensis | 0.20 | 0.23 | √ | √ | |||||||
黄鲫 Setipinna taty | 2.74 | 2.26 | √ | √ | |||||||
鹿斑鲾 Leiognathus ruconius | 1.67 | 6.88 | √ | √ | |||||||
裘氏小沙丁鱼 Sardinella jussieu | 0.07 | 0.06 | √ | √ | |||||||
多鳞鱚 Sillago sihama | 0.07 | 0.06 | √ | √ | |||||||
白姑鱼 Argyrosomus argentatus | 7.90 | 2.57 | √ | √ | |||||||
棕腹刺鲀 Gastrophysus spadiceus | 1.22 | 0.20 | √ | √ | |||||||
横纹东方鲀 Fugu oblongus | 0.53 | 0.17 | √ | √ | |||||||
中国鲳 Pampus chinensis | 0.82 | 0.03 | √ | √ | |||||||
刺鲳 Psenopsis anomala | 0.19 | 0.13 | √ | √ | |||||||
汉氏棱鳀 Thrissa hamiltonii | 0.01 | 0.06 | √ | √ | |||||||
凤鲚 Coilia mystus | 39.78 | 64.06 | √ | √ | |||||||
短棘银鲈 Gerres lucidus | 0.16 | 0.10 | √ | √ | |||||||
倒棘鲬 Rogadius asper | 0.11 | 0.03 | √ | √ | |||||||
日本瞳鲬 Inegocia japonica | 0.08 | 0.09 | √ | √ | |||||||
鲬 Platycephalus indicus | 0.05 | 0.03 | √ | √ | |||||||
圆鳞鳎 Liachirus melanospilus | 0.01 | 0.03 | √ | √ | |||||||
斑头舌鳎 Cynolossus puncticeps | 0.02 | 0.03 | √ | √ | |||||||
焦氏舌鳎 C. joyneri | 0.72 | 0.21 | √ | √ | |||||||
铅点东方鲀 Fugu alboplumbeus | 0.03 | 0.04 | √ | √ | |||||||
龙头鱼 Harpodon nehereus | 11.05 | 9.69 | √ | √ | |||||||
中华海鲇 Arius sinensis | 2.03 | 2.55 | √ | √ | |||||||
叫姑鱼 Johnius belengerii | 6.83 | 2.70 | √ | √ | |||||||
团头叫姑鱼 J. amblycephalus | 0.40 | 0.14 | √ | √ | |||||||
鯻鱼 Therapon theraps | 0.04 | 0.23 | √ | √ | |||||||
褐菖鲉 Sebastiscus marmoratus | 0.14 | 0.07 | √ | √ | |||||||
黄魟 Dasyatis bennetti | 1.25 | 0.06 | √ | √ | |||||||
尖尾鳗 Uroconger lepturus | 0.18 | 0.21 | √ | √ | |||||||
红狼牙鰕虎鱼 Odontamblyopus rubicundus | 0.17 | 0.43 | √ | √ | |||||||
孔鰕虎鱼 Trypauchen vagina | 1.36 | 1.45 | √ | √ | |||||||
六指马鲅 Polydactylus sextarius | 2.50 | 2.07 | √ | √ | |||||||
尖头黄鳍牙鰔 Chrysochir aureus | 0.10 | 0.03 | √ | √ | |||||||
凯氏红娘鱼 Lepidotrigla kishinouyi | 0.02 | 0.09 | √ | √ | |||||||
中级肉食性 Middle carnivorous | |||||||||||
营养级 Trophic level | 重量百分比 Weight Percentage | 尾数百分比 Individual Percentage | 适温性 Temperature | 生态型 Habitat | |||||||
暖水性 Warm water species | 暖温性 Warm temperature species | 中上层Pelagic fish | 近底层 Near demersal fish | 底层 Demersal fish | |||||||
条纹斑竹鲨 Chiloscyllium plagiosum | 0.04 | 0.03 | √ | √ | |||||||
中国团扇鳐 Platyrhina sinensis | 0.46 | 0.03 | √ | √ | |||||||
尖嘴魟 Dasyatis zugei | 9.71 | 0.11 | √ | √ | |||||||
大黄鱼 Larimichthys crocea | 0.18 | 0.03 | √ | √ | |||||||
舌鰕虎鱼 Glossogobius giuris | 0.05 | 0.13 | √ | √ | |||||||
日本单鳍电鳐 Narke japonica | 0.08 | 0.03 | √ | √ | |||||||
长蛇鲻 Saurida elongata | 0.10 | 0.07 | √ | √ | |||||||
海鳗 Muraenesox cinereus | 3.07 | 0.09 | √ | √ | |||||||
高级肉食性 Higher carnivorous | |||||||||||
油魣 Sphyraena pinguis | 0.28 | 0.07 | √ | √ | |||||||
日本金线鱼 Nemipterus japonicus | 0.03 | 0.03 | √ | √ | |||||||
带鱼 Trichiurus lepturus | 0.63 | 1.22 | √ | √ | |||||||
小带鱼 Euplerogrammus muticus | 1.20 | 0.37 | √ | √ | |||||||
黑印真鲨 Carcharhinus menisorrah | 0.48 | 0.03 | √ | √ |
表1 2008年泉州湾鱼类组成
Table 1 Composition of fish species in Quanzhou Bay in 2008
营养级 Trophic level | 重量百分比 Weight Percentage | 尾数百分比 Individual Percentage | 适温性 Temperature | 生态型 Habitat | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
暖水性 Warm water species | 暖温性 Warm temperature species | 中上层Pelagic fish | 近底层 Near demersal fish | 底层 Demersal fish | |||||||
杂食性 Omnivores | |||||||||||
鲻鱼 Mugil cephalus | 0.03 | 0.03 | √ | √ | |||||||
丽叶鲹 Caranx kalla | 0.14 | 0.11 | √ | √ | |||||||
青鳞小沙丁鱼 Sardinella zunasi | 0.05 | 0.04 | √ | √ | |||||||
斑鰶 Clupanodon punctatus | 0.53 | 0.14 | √ | √ | |||||||
低级肉食性 Lower carnivorous | |||||||||||
康氏小公鱼 Stolephorus commersonii | 0.02 | 0.19 | √ | √ | |||||||
拟矛尾鰕虎鱼 Parachaeturichthys polynema | 0.01 | 0.06 | √ | √ | |||||||
矛尾鰕虎鱼 Chaeturichthys stigmatias | 0.02 | 0.03 | √ | √ | |||||||
鳓鱼 Ilisha elongate | 0.46 | 0.23 | √ | √ | |||||||
赤鼻棱鳀 Thrissa kammalensis | 0.20 | 0.23 | √ | √ | |||||||
黄鲫 Setipinna taty | 2.74 | 2.26 | √ | √ | |||||||
鹿斑鲾 Leiognathus ruconius | 1.67 | 6.88 | √ | √ | |||||||
裘氏小沙丁鱼 Sardinella jussieu | 0.07 | 0.06 | √ | √ | |||||||
多鳞鱚 Sillago sihama | 0.07 | 0.06 | √ | √ | |||||||
白姑鱼 Argyrosomus argentatus | 7.90 | 2.57 | √ | √ | |||||||
棕腹刺鲀 Gastrophysus spadiceus | 1.22 | 0.20 | √ | √ | |||||||
横纹东方鲀 Fugu oblongus | 0.53 | 0.17 | √ | √ | |||||||
中国鲳 Pampus chinensis | 0.82 | 0.03 | √ | √ | |||||||
刺鲳 Psenopsis anomala | 0.19 | 0.13 | √ | √ | |||||||
汉氏棱鳀 Thrissa hamiltonii | 0.01 | 0.06 | √ | √ | |||||||
凤鲚 Coilia mystus | 39.78 | 64.06 | √ | √ | |||||||
短棘银鲈 Gerres lucidus | 0.16 | 0.10 | √ | √ | |||||||
倒棘鲬 Rogadius asper | 0.11 | 0.03 | √ | √ | |||||||
日本瞳鲬 Inegocia japonica | 0.08 | 0.09 | √ | √ | |||||||
鲬 Platycephalus indicus | 0.05 | 0.03 | √ | √ | |||||||
圆鳞鳎 Liachirus melanospilus | 0.01 | 0.03 | √ | √ | |||||||
斑头舌鳎 Cynolossus puncticeps | 0.02 | 0.03 | √ | √ | |||||||
焦氏舌鳎 C. joyneri | 0.72 | 0.21 | √ | √ | |||||||
铅点东方鲀 Fugu alboplumbeus | 0.03 | 0.04 | √ | √ | |||||||
龙头鱼 Harpodon nehereus | 11.05 | 9.69 | √ | √ | |||||||
中华海鲇 Arius sinensis | 2.03 | 2.55 | √ | √ | |||||||
叫姑鱼 Johnius belengerii | 6.83 | 2.70 | √ | √ | |||||||
团头叫姑鱼 J. amblycephalus | 0.40 | 0.14 | √ | √ | |||||||
鯻鱼 Therapon theraps | 0.04 | 0.23 | √ | √ | |||||||
褐菖鲉 Sebastiscus marmoratus | 0.14 | 0.07 | √ | √ | |||||||
黄魟 Dasyatis bennetti | 1.25 | 0.06 | √ | √ | |||||||
尖尾鳗 Uroconger lepturus | 0.18 | 0.21 | √ | √ | |||||||
红狼牙鰕虎鱼 Odontamblyopus rubicundus | 0.17 | 0.43 | √ | √ | |||||||
孔鰕虎鱼 Trypauchen vagina | 1.36 | 1.45 | √ | √ | |||||||
六指马鲅 Polydactylus sextarius | 2.50 | 2.07 | √ | √ | |||||||
尖头黄鳍牙鰔 Chrysochir aureus | 0.10 | 0.03 | √ | √ | |||||||
凯氏红娘鱼 Lepidotrigla kishinouyi | 0.02 | 0.09 | √ | √ | |||||||
中级肉食性 Middle carnivorous | |||||||||||
营养级 Trophic level | 重量百分比 Weight Percentage | 尾数百分比 Individual Percentage | 适温性 Temperature | 生态型 Habitat | |||||||
暖水性 Warm water species | 暖温性 Warm temperature species | 中上层Pelagic fish | 近底层 Near demersal fish | 底层 Demersal fish | |||||||
条纹斑竹鲨 Chiloscyllium plagiosum | 0.04 | 0.03 | √ | √ | |||||||
中国团扇鳐 Platyrhina sinensis | 0.46 | 0.03 | √ | √ | |||||||
尖嘴魟 Dasyatis zugei | 9.71 | 0.11 | √ | √ | |||||||
大黄鱼 Larimichthys crocea | 0.18 | 0.03 | √ | √ | |||||||
舌鰕虎鱼 Glossogobius giuris | 0.05 | 0.13 | √ | √ | |||||||
日本单鳍电鳐 Narke japonica | 0.08 | 0.03 | √ | √ | |||||||
长蛇鲻 Saurida elongata | 0.10 | 0.07 | √ | √ | |||||||
海鳗 Muraenesox cinereus | 3.07 | 0.09 | √ | √ | |||||||
高级肉食性 Higher carnivorous | |||||||||||
油魣 Sphyraena pinguis | 0.28 | 0.07 | √ | √ | |||||||
日本金线鱼 Nemipterus japonicus | 0.03 | 0.03 | √ | √ | |||||||
带鱼 Trichiurus lepturus | 0.63 | 1.22 | √ | √ | |||||||
小带鱼 Euplerogrammus muticus | 1.20 | 0.37 | √ | √ | |||||||
黑印真鲨 Carcharhinus menisorrah | 0.48 | 0.03 | √ | √ |
月份 Month | 1号站 Station 1 | 2号站 Station 2 | 3号站 Station 3 | 平均 Average | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
重量密度 Weight density | 尾数密度 Individual density | 重量密度 Weight density | 尾数密度 Individual density | 重量密度 Weight density | 尾数密度 Individual density | 重量密度 Weight density | 尾数密度 Individual density | ||||
5月 May | 115.13 | 3,566 | 332.78 | 10,299 | 418.01 | 13,265 | 288.64 | 9,044 | |||
10月 Oct. | 370.09 | 10,599 | 2,052.40 | 168,053 | 233.11 | 29,098 | 885.20 | 69,250 |
表2 2008年泉州湾鱼类资源密度(重量密度, kg/km2; 尾数密度, ind./km2)
Table 2 Fish density of Quanzhou Bay in 2008
月份 Month | 1号站 Station 1 | 2号站 Station 2 | 3号站 Station 3 | 平均 Average | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
重量密度 Weight density | 尾数密度 Individual density | 重量密度 Weight density | 尾数密度 Individual density | 重量密度 Weight density | 尾数密度 Individual density | 重量密度 Weight density | 尾数密度 Individual density | ||||
5月 May | 115.13 | 3,566 | 332.78 | 10,299 | 418.01 | 13,265 | 288.64 | 9,044 | |||
10月 Oct. | 370.09 | 10,599 | 2,052.40 | 168,053 | 233.11 | 29,098 | 885.20 | 69,250 |
时间 Time | 优势种 Dominant species | 重量密度 Weight density | 尾数密度 Individual density | 重量百分比 weight percentage | 尾数百分比 Individual percentage | 出现频率 Occurrence frequency | 优势度 Dominance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5月 May | 白姑鱼 Argyrosomus argentatus | 92.35 | 1,989 | 31.99 | 21.99 | 100 | 53.98 |
叫姑鱼 Johnius belengerii | 79.31 | 2,022 | 27.48 | 22.36 | 100 | 49.84 | |
黄鲫 Setipinna taty | 28.39 | 1,611 | 9.84 | 17.81 | 66.67 | 18.43 | |
孔鰕虎鱼 Trypauchen vagina | 14.80 | 1,067 | 5.13 | 11.79 | 100 | 16.92 | |
龙头鱼 Harpodon nehereus | 19.55 | 400 | 6.77 | 4.42 | 66.67 | 7.46 | |
10月 Oct. | 凤鲚 Coilia mystus | 461.00 | 49,807 | 52.08 | 71.92 | 100 | 124.00 |
龙头鱼 Harpodon nehereus | 10.10 | 7,188 | 12.44 | 10.38 | 100 | 22.82 | |
尖嘴魟 Dasyatis zugei | 111.99 | 67 | 12.65 | 9.63 | 66.67 | 14.85 | |
中华海鲇 Arius sinensis | 23.88 | 2,000 | 2.70 | 2.89 | 100 | 5.59 | |
鹿斑鲾 Leiognathus ruconius | 19.33 | 5,333 | 2.18 | 7.70 | 33.33 | 3.29 |
表3 2008年泉州湾鱼类优势种
Table 3 Dominant fish species of Quanzhou Bay in 2008
时间 Time | 优势种 Dominant species | 重量密度 Weight density | 尾数密度 Individual density | 重量百分比 weight percentage | 尾数百分比 Individual percentage | 出现频率 Occurrence frequency | 优势度 Dominance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5月 May | 白姑鱼 Argyrosomus argentatus | 92.35 | 1,989 | 31.99 | 21.99 | 100 | 53.98 |
叫姑鱼 Johnius belengerii | 79.31 | 2,022 | 27.48 | 22.36 | 100 | 49.84 | |
黄鲫 Setipinna taty | 28.39 | 1,611 | 9.84 | 17.81 | 66.67 | 18.43 | |
孔鰕虎鱼 Trypauchen vagina | 14.80 | 1,067 | 5.13 | 11.79 | 100 | 16.92 | |
龙头鱼 Harpodon nehereus | 19.55 | 400 | 6.77 | 4.42 | 66.67 | 7.46 | |
10月 Oct. | 凤鲚 Coilia mystus | 461.00 | 49,807 | 52.08 | 71.92 | 100 | 124.00 |
龙头鱼 Harpodon nehereus | 10.10 | 7,188 | 12.44 | 10.38 | 100 | 22.82 | |
尖嘴魟 Dasyatis zugei | 111.99 | 67 | 12.65 | 9.63 | 66.67 | 14.85 | |
中华海鲇 Arius sinensis | 23.88 | 2,000 | 2.70 | 2.89 | 100 | 5.59 | |
鹿斑鲾 Leiognathus ruconius | 19.33 | 5,333 | 2.18 | 7.70 | 33.33 | 3.29 |
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