中国黄颡鱼的线粒体DNA多样性及其分子系统学

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.262

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于体侧色斑、背鳍前部形态、吻长及尾柄长的差异, Ng和Kottelat(2007)将分布于中国的黄颡鱼群体划为两个物种: 北方群体为Pseudobagrus sinensis, 南方群体为P. fulvidraco。本研究通过对70个黄颡鱼标本相关形态特征的测量及对线粒体cyt b基因序列的分析, 探讨了P. sinensis物种的有效性问题。结果表明: 依据体侧色斑和背鳍前部形态的差异, 可将黄颡鱼分为对应于P. sinensis和P. fulvidraco的两种形态类型, 但对尾柄长、吻长的测量发现二者没有差异。对70条cyt b基因序列的分析结果为: 两种鱼类有1个共同的单倍型; 两种鱼类的单系性在系统发育分析中都没有得到重现, 而二者聚在一起形成获得100%支持率的单系群; 两种鱼类群体之间存在持续的基因交流(Nm = 4.7); 两种鱼类在单倍型的巢式支系分析(nested clade analysis, NCA)中没有形成各自独立的进化谱系, 所有的单倍型以不超过5步的突变全部被纳入同一个进化网络中。因此我们认为P. sinensis不是有效物种, 而应被视为黄颡鱼的一种形态类型。基于cyt b基因的序列变异, 本研究对黄颡鱼群体的遗传多样性和种群结构作了初步分析。群体的核苷酸不配对分布及Tajima’sD中性检验表明, 约在10.1-14.1万年前, 黄颡鱼在其分布范围内经历过群体扩张, 推测这可能是导致黄颡鱼群体单倍型多样度高(h = 0.857 ± 0.0014)而核苷酸多样度低( π = 0.0023 ± 0.0003)的主要原因。此外, 分析结果显示黄颡鱼群体缺乏明显的地理结构, 推测原因可能是历史上水系的连通促进了不同地理群体之间的基因交流。

关键词: Pseudobagrus fulvidraco, Pseudobagrus sinensis, cyt b基因, 遗传多样性, 种群扩张, 基因流

Abstract

Based on the differences in caudal peduncle, snout length, predorsal profile and the lateral color pattern, Ng & Kottelat ( 2007) supposed that the currently recognized Pseudobagrus fulvidraco represent at least two distinct species, P. sinensis from northern China and P. fulvidraco from southern China. We examined the forenamed morphologic characters and sequenced the cytochrome bgene segments of 70 specimens to test the validity of P. sinensis. We found the differences in predorsal profile and the lateral color pattern do not occur together with the differences in caudal peduncle and snout length. Results of molecular phylogenetic and population genetic analyses were: (1) the most common haplotype detected was shared by P. sinensis and P. fulvidraco; (2) the reciprocal monophyly of both species was not confirmed whereas all samples of the two species were grouped in a monophyletic cluster with 100% bootstrap support; (3) gene flow is ongoing between populations of P. sinensis and P. fulvidraco (Nm = 4.7); and (4) the haplotype network did not detect any disjoint groups corresponding to the two species. We thus speculate that P. sinensis is not valid species but probably a synonym of P. fulvidraco. Low genetic divergence was detected among P. fulvidraco populations of China’s main river drainages, which was supposed to be resulted from a recent population expansion that occurred about 101,000-141,000 years ago. No significant geological architecture was detected from Chinese populations ofP. fulvidraco and the historical river connection might have promoted the gene exchange among different geological populations.

Key words: Pseudobagrus fulvidraco, Pseudobagrus sinensis, cyt b, genetic diversity, gene flow, population expansion

库喜英, 周传江, 何舜平 (2010) 中国黄颡鱼的线粒体DNA多样性及其分子系统学. 生物多样性, 18, 262-274. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.262.

Xiying Ku, Chuanjiang Zhou, Shunping He (2010) Validity of Pseudobagrus sinensis and mitochondrial DNA diversity of Pseudobagrus fulvidraco populations in China. Biodiversity Science, 18, 262-274. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.262.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.262

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2010/V18/I3/262

图/表 8

表1 实验所用标本的标签号、采集地及相关形态特征的度量值。灰色字体部分代表鉴定为Psendobagrus sinensis的样本。

Table 1 Sampling and morphometric data for fish materials of Pseudobagrus fulvidraco and P. sinensis.Specimens under grey represent those provisionally identified as P. sinensis according to Ng & Kottelat ( 2007).

表2 Pseudobagrus fulvidraco与P. sinensis尾柄长及吻长的比较

Table 2 Comparison of caudal peduncle and snout length between Pseudobagrus sinensisand P. fulvidraco

	尾柄长/体长比例 Caudal peduncle length / standard length		吻长与/头长比例 Snout length / head length
	P. sinensis	P. fulvidraco		P. sinensis	P. fulvidraco
Ng & Kottelat ( 2007)	9.5-10.9%	7.3-9.6%	29.8-32.2%		32.2-37.5%
本研究测量结果 Measurements in this study	11.5-16.3%	9.9-16.8%	27.1-35.7%		24.9-38.1%

图1 基于cyt b基因得到的单倍型NJ/MP树。节点处的数值依次为NJ/MP分析中1,000次重复抽样所得的自展支持率(仅大于50%的显示)。灰色部分为Pseudobagrus sinensis的单倍型。

Fig. 1 The neighbor-joining (NJ) / maximum parsimony (MP) tree based on cyt bgene sequences. Values above nodes are proportions of 1,000 bootstrap pseudoreplicates in which the node was recovered in NJ/MP analysis (only values above 50% are shown). The grey boxes are haplotypes of Pseudobagrus sinensis.

图2 单倍型的进化网络图。圆圈的面积与单倍型包含的样本数成比例; 黑圈表示理论上存在, 但在本研究中没有观测到的单倍型; 单倍型之间的每一连线代表一个突变步骤。灰色部分为Pseudobagrus sinensis的单倍型(F5未标示)。

Fig. 2 Network relationships of haplotypes. Size of circle is proportional to the sample size of haplotypes. Small black circles represent a haplotype which is a necessary intermediate but is not found in the sampled population. Each line connecting haplotypes represent one mutation step. The grey circles are haplotypes of Pseudobagrus sinensis (F5 is not marked).

表3 本研究对70个样本的AMOVA分析

Table 3 Hierarchical analysis of AMOVA

遗传变异来源 Source of variation	Φ_ST	Φ_SC	Φ_CT	组间 Among groups (%)	群体间 Within populations (%)
所有群体 All populations	0.892	-	-	89.15	10.85
水系间 Among drainages	0.922	0.159	0.907	90.74	7.79
系统树的分支 Among clades	0.959	0.607	0.897	89.66	4.07
物种间 Between species (P. sinensis/P. fulvidraco)	-0.147	-0.562	0.265	26.5	-41.26

表4 不同水系的群体间的未校正p距离

Table 4 Uncorrected p distances among groups of different drainages

	长江 Yangtze River	珠江 Pearl River	闽江 Minjiang	韩江 Hanjiang	富春江 Fuchunjiang	水系内不同群体间 Among groups within drainages
长江 Yangtze River						0.0008
珠江 Pearl River	0.0040					0.0027
闽江 Minjiang River	0.0028	0.0050				0.0018
韩江 Hanjiang River	0.0051	0.0067	0.0058			0.0006
富春江 Fuchunjiang River	0.0035	0.0055	0.0038	0.0042		0.0009
辽河 Liaohe River	0.0058	0.0070	0.0068	0.0071	0.0059	0.0037

表5 本研究27个cyt b单倍型的采集地来源及单倍型在群体中的分布

Table 1 Sample locality and distribution of the haplotypes F1-F27 in the populations.

图3 黄颡鱼群体cyt b基因的核苷酸不配对分布。实线为模拟的不配对分布, 虚线为观察到的不配对分布。

Fig. 3 Mismatch distribution for the population of Pseudobagrus fulvidraco. The solid line depicts the simulated mismatch distribution, the dashed line describes the observed distribution.

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