生物多样性 ›› 2008, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (2): 143-149. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07165 cstr: 32101.14.SP.J.1003.2008.07165
收稿日期:
2007-06-19
接受日期:
2007-10-25
出版日期:
2008-03-20
发布日期:
2008-02-20
通讯作者:
邓文洪
作者简介:
*E-mail:dengwh@bnu.edu.cn基金资助:
Peng Cui1, Mingjiang Kang1,2, Wenhong Deng1,*()
Received:
2007-06-19
Accepted:
2007-10-25
Online:
2008-03-20
Published:
2008-02-20
Contact:
Wenhong Deng
摘要:
红腹角雉(Tragopan temminckii)和血雉(Ithaginis cruentus)是主要分布在中国的受胁雉类, 到目前为止, 对这两种雉类的生态学特征的了解并不多。作者于2006年5-8月, 在四川省栗子坪自然保护区公益海, 运用样线法和样方取样法对红腹角雉和血雉在繁殖季节的觅食生境选择进行了对比研究。研究结果表明, 两种雉在海拔分布和觅食生境上都存在重叠, 红腹角雉主要分布在较低海拔(1,950-3,450 m), 血雉分布在相对较高海拔(2,760-3,800 m)。它们对针叶林和针阔混交林都表现出正选择性, 而对箭竹林表现出负选择性。微生境尺度上, 两种雉觅食生境的乔木和草本盖度均较大, 草本高度高; 两种雉的活动区内针叶林面积较大, 距林区公路较近; 红腹角雉对坡向没有选择性, 血雉偏好西南坡向的生境。与对照样方相比, 红腹角雉的觅食生境的箭竹高度和盖度小, 血雉觅食生境的箭竹高度和盖度与对照样方无显著差异。红腹角雉活动区内的箭竹林面积比例显著小于血雉活动区, 针阔混交林面积比例显著大于血雉活动区。表明两种雉类在需要某些共同资源的情况下, 对觅食生境的利用产生了分异, 这是两种雉类能够同域分布的基础条件之一。
崔鹏, 康明江, 邓文洪 (2008) 繁殖季节同域分布的红腹角雉和血雉的觅食生境选择. 生物多样性, 16, 143-149. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07165.
Peng Cui, Mingjiang Kang, Wenhong Deng (2008) Foraging habitat selection by sympatric Temminck’s tragopan and blood pheasant during breeding season in southwestern China. Biodiversity Science, 16, 143-149. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07165.
植被类型 Forest type | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
针叶林 Coniferous forest | 针阔混交林 Coniferous-broadleaved forest | 箭竹林 Arrow bamboo forest | 总计 Total | ||
红腹角雉 Temminck’s tragopan | 植被的可获得程度 Availability of each forest area | 0.031 | 0.254 | 0.715 | 1 |
利用程度 Proportion observed in each forest area | 0.31 | 0.51 | 0.18 | 1 | |
95%置信区间 Confidence interval on proportion of occurrence (95%) | (0.176,0.446) | (0.365,0.657) | (0.066,0.289) | ||
血雉 Blood pheasant | 植被的可获得程度 Availability of each forest area | 0.031 | 0.254 | 0.715 | 1 |
利用程度 Proportion observed in each forest area | 0.29 | 0.48 | 0.23 | 1 | |
95%置信区间 Confidence interval on proportion of occurrence (95%) | (0.131,0.450) | (0.308,0.659) | (0.078,0.373) |
表1 红腹角雉和血雉对不同植被类型的选择性
Table 1 Occurrence of Temminck’s tragopan and blood pheasant in different forest areas in Gongyihai, Sichuan
植被类型 Forest type | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
针叶林 Coniferous forest | 针阔混交林 Coniferous-broadleaved forest | 箭竹林 Arrow bamboo forest | 总计 Total | ||
红腹角雉 Temminck’s tragopan | 植被的可获得程度 Availability of each forest area | 0.031 | 0.254 | 0.715 | 1 |
利用程度 Proportion observed in each forest area | 0.31 | 0.51 | 0.18 | 1 | |
95%置信区间 Confidence interval on proportion of occurrence (95%) | (0.176,0.446) | (0.365,0.657) | (0.066,0.289) | ||
血雉 Blood pheasant | 植被的可获得程度 Availability of each forest area | 0.031 | 0.254 | 0.715 | 1 |
利用程度 Proportion observed in each forest area | 0.29 | 0.48 | 0.23 | 1 | |
95%置信区间 Confidence interval on proportion of occurrence (95%) | (0.131,0.450) | (0.308,0.659) | (0.078,0.373) |
变量 Variables | 利用样方 Used plots | 对照样方 Control plots | 显著性值 P-value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
红腹角雉Temminck’s tragopan (n=45) | 血雉 Blood pheasant (n=31) | (n=45) | 红腹角雉Temminck’s tragopan | 血雉 Blood pheasant | |||
微生境Microhabitat | |||||||
SIN坡向平均角 SIN α | -0.0687 | -0.4456 | |||||
COS坡向平均角 COS α | -0.1759 | -0.4152 | |||||
坡度 slope (°) | 30.49±1.84 | 32.19±1.99 | 25.00±2.43 | 0.075 | 0.042* | ||
乔木高度 Tree height (m) | 12.19±0.43 | 11.39±0.56 | 12.64±0.59 | 0.623 | 0.141 | ||
乔木胸径 Diameter at breast height (cm) | 18.18±0.87 | 17.16±1.09 | 17.78±1.03 | 0.771 | 0.687 | ||
乔木盖度 Tree canopy (%) | 65.91±1.86 | 66.81±2.01 | 48.89±2.59 | 0.000* | 0.000* | ||
灌木高度 Shrub height (m) | 2.28±0.14 | 2.48±0.15 | 1.91±0.15 | 0.073 | 0.009* | ||
灌木盖度 Shrub canopy (%) | 37.60±2.64 | 33.32±3.17 | 27.72±2.71 | 0.011* | 0.186 | ||
草本高度 Herb height (m) | 0.08±0.01 | 0.09±0.01 | 0.05±0.01 | 0.004* | 0.000* | ||
草本盖度 Herb coverage (%) | 60.07±3.18 | 55.65±4.24 | 32.29±3.54 | 0.000* | 0.000* | ||
距水源距离 Distance to the nearest water source (m) | 58.96±7.63 | 74.32±12.63 | 81.58±11.26 | 0.032* | 0.731 | ||
箭竹高度 Arrow bamboo height (m) | 2.22±0.11 | 2.55±0.08 | 3.38±0.75 | 0.009* | 0.361 | ||
箭竹盖度 Arrow bamboo canopy (%) | 31.40±3.82 | 43.84±4.37 | 52.00±4.26 | 0.001* | 0.198 | ||
活动区尺度Home range scale | |||||||
箭竹林面积 Area size of arrow bamboo forest (ha) | 3.96±0.50 | 7.05±0.70 | 0.002* | ||||
箭竹林面积 Area size of arrow bamboo forest (ha) | 8.86±0.84 | 11.02±1.02 | 0.217 | ||||
针阔混交林面积 Area size of coniferous-broadleaved forest (ha) | 6.04±0.46 | 4.73±0.61 | 0.115 | ||||
针阔混交林面积 Area size of coniferous-broadleaved forest (ha) | 7.11±0.58 | 7.60±0.93 | 0.668 | ||||
针叶林面积 Area size of coniferous forest (ha) | 2.39±0.32 | 0.60±0.22 | 0.000* | ||||
针叶林面积 Area size of coniferous forest (ha) | 3.40±0.61 | 0.98±0.30 | 0.001* | ||||
距林区公路距离 Distance to the nearest forest road (m) | 283.36±38.65 | 258.29±64.63 | 413.16±40.74 | 0.022* | 0.008* |
表2 繁殖季节红腹角雉与血雉不同尺度利用样方和对照样方之间的变量比较(Mean±SE)
Table 2 Comparisons of variables between the used plots and the control plots of Temminck’s tragopan and blood pheasant in breeding season in Gongyihai, Sichuan (Values are Mean±SE)
变量 Variables | 利用样方 Used plots | 对照样方 Control plots | 显著性值 P-value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
红腹角雉Temminck’s tragopan (n=45) | 血雉 Blood pheasant (n=31) | (n=45) | 红腹角雉Temminck’s tragopan | 血雉 Blood pheasant | |||
微生境Microhabitat | |||||||
SIN坡向平均角 SIN α | -0.0687 | -0.4456 | |||||
COS坡向平均角 COS α | -0.1759 | -0.4152 | |||||
坡度 slope (°) | 30.49±1.84 | 32.19±1.99 | 25.00±2.43 | 0.075 | 0.042* | ||
乔木高度 Tree height (m) | 12.19±0.43 | 11.39±0.56 | 12.64±0.59 | 0.623 | 0.141 | ||
乔木胸径 Diameter at breast height (cm) | 18.18±0.87 | 17.16±1.09 | 17.78±1.03 | 0.771 | 0.687 | ||
乔木盖度 Tree canopy (%) | 65.91±1.86 | 66.81±2.01 | 48.89±2.59 | 0.000* | 0.000* | ||
灌木高度 Shrub height (m) | 2.28±0.14 | 2.48±0.15 | 1.91±0.15 | 0.073 | 0.009* | ||
灌木盖度 Shrub canopy (%) | 37.60±2.64 | 33.32±3.17 | 27.72±2.71 | 0.011* | 0.186 | ||
草本高度 Herb height (m) | 0.08±0.01 | 0.09±0.01 | 0.05±0.01 | 0.004* | 0.000* | ||
草本盖度 Herb coverage (%) | 60.07±3.18 | 55.65±4.24 | 32.29±3.54 | 0.000* | 0.000* | ||
距水源距离 Distance to the nearest water source (m) | 58.96±7.63 | 74.32±12.63 | 81.58±11.26 | 0.032* | 0.731 | ||
箭竹高度 Arrow bamboo height (m) | 2.22±0.11 | 2.55±0.08 | 3.38±0.75 | 0.009* | 0.361 | ||
箭竹盖度 Arrow bamboo canopy (%) | 31.40±3.82 | 43.84±4.37 | 52.00±4.26 | 0.001* | 0.198 | ||
活动区尺度Home range scale | |||||||
箭竹林面积 Area size of arrow bamboo forest (ha) | 3.96±0.50 | 7.05±0.70 | 0.002* | ||||
箭竹林面积 Area size of arrow bamboo forest (ha) | 8.86±0.84 | 11.02±1.02 | 0.217 | ||||
针阔混交林面积 Area size of coniferous-broadleaved forest (ha) | 6.04±0.46 | 4.73±0.61 | 0.115 | ||||
针阔混交林面积 Area size of coniferous-broadleaved forest (ha) | 7.11±0.58 | 7.60±0.93 | 0.668 | ||||
针叶林面积 Area size of coniferous forest (ha) | 2.39±0.32 | 0.60±0.22 | 0.000* | ||||
针叶林面积 Area size of coniferous forest (ha) | 3.40±0.61 | 0.98±0.30 | 0.001* | ||||
距林区公路距离 Distance to the nearest forest road (m) | 283.36±38.65 | 258.29±64.63 | 413.16±40.74 | 0.022* | 0.008* |
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