鹅掌楸贵州烂木山居群的微卫星遗传多样性及空间遗传结构

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14013

生物多样性 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (3): 375-384. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14013

鹅掌楸贵州烂木山居群的微卫星遗传多样性及空间遗传结构

杨爱红^1,², 张金菊³, 田华¹, 姚小洪^1,,A;^*(), 黄宏文¹

1.中国科学院武汉植物园种质创新与特色农业重点实验室, 武汉 430074
2 .中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
3 .武汉大学生命科学学院, 武汉 430070

收稿日期:2014-01-14 接受日期:2014-04-25 出版日期:2014-05-20 发布日期:2014-06-04
通讯作者: 姚小洪
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31270384)和中国科学院优秀青年科技专项(KSCX2-EW-Q-16)

Microsatellite genetic diversity and fine-scale spatial genetic structure within a natural stand of Liriodendron chinense (Magnoliaceae) in Lanmushan, Duyun City, Guizhou Province

Aihong Yang^1,², Jinju Zhang³, Hua Tian¹, Xiaohong Yao^1,^*(), Hongwen Huang¹

1. Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074
2. University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
3. College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070

Received:2014-01-14 Accepted:2014-04-25 Online:2014-05-20 Published:2014-06-04
Contact: Yao Xiaohong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

濒危植物鹅掌楸(Liriodendron chinense)目前仅零散分布于我国亚热带及越南北部地区, 残存居群生境片断化较为严重。研究濒危植物片断化居群的遗传多样性及小尺度空间遗传结构(spatial genetic structure)有助于了解物种的生态进化过程以及制定相关的保育策略。本研究采用13对微卫星引物, 对鹅掌楸的1个片断化居群进行了遗传多样性及空间遗传结构的研究, 旨在揭示生境片断化条件下鹅掌楸的遗传多样性及基因流状况。研究结果表明: 鹅掌楸烂木山居群内不同生境斑块及不同年龄阶段植株的遗传多样性水平差异不显著(P>0.05), 居群内存在寨内和山林2个遗传分化明显的亚居群。烂木山居群个体在200 m以内呈现显著的空间遗传结构, 而2个亚居群内的个体仅在20 m的距离范围内存在微弱或不显著的空间遗传结构。鹅掌楸的空间遗传结构强度较低(Sp = 0.0090), 且寨内亚居群的空间遗传结构强度(Sp = 0.0067)要高于山林亚居群(Sp = 0.0053)。鹅掌楸以异交为主, 种子较轻且具翅, 借助风力传播, 在一定程度上降低了空间遗传结构的强度。此外, 居群内个体密度及生境特征也对鹅掌楸的空间遗传结构产生了一定影响。该居群出现显著的杂合子缺失, 近交系数(F_IS)为0.099 (P < 0.01), 表明生境片断化的遗传效应正逐渐显现。因此, 对鹅掌楸的就地保护应注意维护与强化生境的连续性, 促进基因交流。迁地保护时, 取样距离应不小于20 m, 以涵盖足够多的遗传变异。

关键词: Liriodendron chinense, 生境片断化, 遗传多样性, 空间遗传结构, 濒危物种

Abstract

The Chinese tulip tree (Liriodendron chinense), an endangered species scattered throughout subtropical China and northern Vietnam, suffers from severe habitat fragmentation. Understanding the genetic diversity and fine-scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) of fragmented populations is critical for developing successful conservation strategies for endangered species. In this study, we investigated the population genetic diversity and fine-scale spatial genetic structure in a wild, fragmented population of L. chinense using 13 polymorphic microsatellite loci. No significant differences in genetic diversity were found among habitat fragments or age classes (P > 0.05). Two genetically heterogeneous subpopulations were revealed through Bayesian assignment analysis and Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA). Significant SGS was found within the whole population within 200 m, while weak spatial aggregation of related individuals in the two subpopulations was found within 20 m. SGS intensity was weak in this population (Sp = 0.0090), and it was stronger in the village subpopulation (Sp = 0.0067) than in the hill subpopulation (Sp = 0.0053). Liriodendron chinense is a predominantly outcrossing tree and its winged seeds are wind-dispersed, a fact that may reduce SGS intensity in the species. Furthermore, low population density and flat hypsography also likely influence the SGS of L. chinense. The presence of significant heterozygote deficiency in the population (F_IS = 0.099, P < 0.01) suggests a genetic signal of habitat fragmentation. Therefore, measures for promoting pollen flow should be taken for in situ conservation. For ex situ conservation, individuals should be sampled at 20 m apart to efficiently capture genetic diversity of wild populations.

Key words: Liriodendron chinense, habitat fragmentation, genetic diversity, spatial genetic structure, endangered species

杨爱红, 张金菊, 田华, 姚小洪, 黄宏文 (2014) 鹅掌楸贵州烂木山居群的微卫星遗传多样性及空间遗传结构. 生物多样性, 22, 375-384. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14013.

Aihong Yang, Jinju Zhang, Hua Tian, Xiaohong Yao, Hongwen Huang (2014) Microsatellite genetic diversity and fine-scale spatial genetic structure within a natural stand of Liriodendron chinense (Magnoliaceae) in Lanmushan, Duyun City, Guizhou Province. Biodiversity Science, 22, 375-384. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14013.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14013

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2014/V22/I3/375

图/表 7

图1 鹅掌楸都匀烂木山居群植株的空间分布图。虚线圈出的区域表示5个不同的生境斑块。CL: 寨内路左侧斑块; CR: 寨内路右侧斑块; MV、MS和MN分别代表寨外的山谷、山谷南北两侧的山坡上的斑块。不同形状分别代表2个不同亚居群的个体: 寨内亚居群个体(●), 山林亚居群个体(▲)。

Fig. 1 Spatial distribution of Liriodendron chinense individu- als in Lanmushan population in Duyun, Guizhou. The five habitat fragments are circled with dash lines. CL, CR, MN, MS and MV refer to habitat fragments of left side of road in village, right side of road in village, north hill, south hill and hill valley, respectively. Different shapes represent two subpopulations, i.e. village subpopulation (●) and hill subpopulation (▲).

表1 鹅掌楸烂木山居群4个年龄层及5个生境斑块的微卫星遗传多样性

Table 1 Summary of genetic diversity and fixation indices for four age-classes and five habitat fragments of Liriodendron chinense in Lanmushan population

遗传参数	N	A	A_E	A_R	Ho	H_E	F_IS
年龄层 Age class
幼树 Seedling	19	3.462	2.492	3.462	0.526	0.582	0.097
小树 Sapling	33	3.462	2.428	3.372	0.491	0.554	0.116
壮树 Adolescent	29	3.615	2.469	3.520	0.502	0.564	0.111
成年树 Adult	39	3.308	2.478	3.273	0.517	0.558	0.075
生境斑块 Habitat fragments
CL	37	3.538	2.559	3.248	0.529	0.590	0.104
CR	26	3.385	2.462	3.255	0.497	0.549	0.097
MN	11	2.462	1.963	2.462	0.483	0.469	-0.0031
MS	35	3.308	2.067	2.788	0.484	0.486	0.004
MV	11	2.846	2.302	2.846	0.559	0.564	0.009
物种水平 Species level	120	4.000	2.508	4.000	0.508	0.563	0.099^**

表2 鹅掌楸烂木山居群各生境斑块间遗传分化系数FST值(下半矩阵)和RST值(上半矩阵)。斑块代号同图1。

Table 2 Pairwise genetic differentiation FST (below diagonal) and RST (above diagonal) for habitat fragments of Liriodendron chinense population in Lanmushan. Fragment codes see Fig. 1.

	CL	CR	MN	MS	MV
CL	-	0.007	0.050^*	0.028^*	0.048^*
CR	0.007	-	0.057^*	0.042^*	0.072^*
MN	0.096^*	0.102^*	-	0	0
MS	0.085^*	0.096^*	0	-	0
MV	0.056^*	0.069^*	0	0.011	-

图2 基于13对SSR引物的鹅掌楸烂木山居群STRUCTURE分析。(a)、(b)分别表示特定K值对应的概率对数值L(K)和统计量∆K; (c)各生境斑块内所有个体分配情况。生境斑块代号同图1。

Fig. 2 Results of STRUCTURE analysis based on all the individuals in Lanmushan population using 13 polymorphic microsatellite loci. (a) Plotted the mean likelihood L(K); (b) ∆K value; and (c) Assignments proportion of each individual from all the five habitat fragments. Codes for habitat fragments correspond to those in Fig. 1.

图3 鹅掌楸烂木山居群5个生境斑块120个个体基于13对SSR引物的遗传距离的主坐标分析(PCoA)。前2个极轴坐标(coordinate)分别解释了烂木山居群整体遗传变异的13.58%和9.43%。生境斑块代号同图1。

Fig. 3 Principal coordinate plot of genetic distance for the analyzed 120 individuals from five habitat fragments based on 13 SSR markers. The first two principal coordinates account for 13.58% and 9.43% of total genetic variation, respectively. Codes for habitat fragments correspond to those in Fig. 1.

表3 鹅掌楸烂木山居群空间遗传结构

Table 3 Spatial genetic structure statistics for Liriodendron chinense population in Lanmushan

组别 Group	N	P₍_r_{< permuted}_r₎	F₍₁₎	b_F	Sp
整体 Whole population	120	0.001	0.0532	-0.0085^*	0.0090
寨内 Village subpopulation	63	0.001	0.0151	-0.0066	0.0067
山林 Hill subpopulation	57	0.013	0.0147	-0.0052	0.0053

图4 鹅掌楸烂木山居群及寨内、山林亚居群的空间自相关图。横坐标表示不同距离等级, 纵坐标为各个距离等级下空间自相关系数(r) (左侧)和亲缘关系系数Fij (右侧)。虚线代表无效假设(不存在空间遗传结构) 95%置信区间的上下限。

Fig. 4 Correlogram of coefficients for the population Lanmushan, village subpopulation and hill subpopulation. Autocorrelation coefficient (r) (left) and average kinship coefficients Fij (right) between pairs of individuals plotted as the classified geographical distance. Dashed lines represent 95% confidence intervals under the null hypothesis that genotypes are randomly distributed, and error bars delineate standard errors from Jackknife estimates.

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鹅掌楸贵州烂木山居群的微卫星遗传多样性及空间遗传结构

Microsatellite genetic diversity and fine-scale spatial genetic structure within a natural stand of Liriodendron chinense (Magnoliaceae) in Lanmushan, Duyun City, Guizhou Province

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