中国种子植物特有属的地理分布格局

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.10289

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物特有现象的地理格局及其形成机制是生物地理学的重要研究内容。本文通过整合173个地区的中国种子植物特有属编目资料、环境和空间因子数据, 运用多元回归和方差分解的方法, 探索了中国种子植物特有属丰富度及其占全部种子植物属丰富度的比例(特有属比例)与环境(生境异质性和气候)和空间因子的关系。结果表明: (1)特有属丰富度及特有属比例具有很强的空间变异性, 在华中地区最高, 而靠近国界和大陆边缘的地区较低; 相比而言, 种子植物属丰富度的空间变异性较弱, 且表现出显著的纬度梯度性; (2)特有属丰富度及特有属比例主要由空间因子和生境异质性(地形的复杂性)决定, 即在大的空间尺度上, 地理位置决定一个地区特有属比例的理论值, 生境异质性和气候因子对其进行微调; 而种子植物属丰富度的地理格局主要受气候和生境异质性的影响。(3)中国种子植物特有属是主观性非常强的概念, 特有属比例所反映的植物区系系统发育信息可能会很低; 空间因子所解释的方差中到底有多少是系统发育因素, 还需要进一步的研究。本文最后讨论了当前特有属定义和判定的不足之处。虽然理论上认为特有属的判定不应以行政边界为标准, 但是目前几乎所有的中国特有属划分方法均以国界为准, 这在一定程度上降低了中国种子植物特有属概念的科学内涵和在实践中的作用。因此,我们建议在理论和实践中对中国种子植物特有属概念采取审慎的态度。

关键词: 种子植物, 特有属, 生境异质性, 气候因子, 空间因子, 空间格局

Abstract

Endemism describes the phenomenon that the distribution of individual species/taxa is critically restricted to a specific region. Seed plant genera endemic to China (endemic genera) are those with their main geographic distribution range within the borders of China. The geographic patterns of endemic genera can not only guide conservation planning, but these organisms are also important biological resources. We gathered data of 173 localities on environmental and spatial factors, and regional seed plant genera richness (GRN), endemic genera richness (EGRN) and endemic genera ratio (EGR), which was calculated by dividing EGRN by GRN. Multiple regression and variance partitioning were used to examine how environmental and spatial variables affect GRN, EGRN, and EGR. Our results showed that: (1) EGRN and EGR had stronger spatial variability than GRN, with highest values (richness and ratio) in central China and lower near national borders and continental edges. GRN exhibited an evident latitudinal gradient. (2) EGRN and EGR were mainly determined by habitat heterogeneity and spatial factors. Regional theoretical EGR was constrained by its geographical location, and was further adjusted by habitat heterogeneity (topographical complexity) and climatic factors. Geographical patterns of GRN, on the other hand, were mainly determined by climatic conditions and habitat heterogeneity rather than spatial factors. (3) Seed plant genera endemic to China could be rather difficult to define, and probably reflected inadequate information on phylogenetic evolution of local flora. Further studies are needed to examine the variance explained by spatial factors through a phylogenetic lense. Finally, flaws in the definition and classification of seed plant genera endemic to China were discussed. Theoretically, genera endemic to China should not be defined according to the political borders. But, in practice, nearly all the lists of seed plant genera endemic to China proposed by several authors were based on the relationship between the geographic distribution of specific genus and national borders. Thus, we recommend that, the concept of seed plant genera endemic to China should be used carefully in both theoretical research and biodiversity conservation practices.

Key words: seed plant, endemic genera, habitat heterogeneity, climatic factor, spatial factor, spatial pattern

陈圣宾, 欧阳志云, 方瑜, 李振基 (2011) 中国种子植物特有属的地理分布格局. 生物多样性, 19, 414-423. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.10289.

Shengbin Chen, Zhiyun Ouyang, Yu Fang, Zhenji Li (2011) Geographic patterns of endemic seed plant genera diversity in China. Biodiversity Science, 19, 414-423. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.10289.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.10289

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2011/V19/I4/414

图/表 7

图1 中国种子植物属丰富度(GRN)、特有属丰富度(EGRN)和特有属比例(EGR)的地理分布格局。

Fig. 1 Geographic patterns of genera richness (GRN), endemic genera richness (EGRN) and endemic genera ratio (EGR) for seed plants.

表1 中国种子植物属丰富度(GRN)、特有属丰富度(EGRN)和特有属比例(EGR)之间的相关性(丰富度数据均经过自然对数转换)

Table 1 Correlation between genera richness (GRN), endemic genera richness (EGRN), and endemic genera ratio (EGR) of seed plants in China. Richness data were ln-transformed.

	属丰富度 GRN	特有属丰富度 EGRN
特有属丰富度 EGRN	0.703*
特有属比例 EGR	0.311*	0.852*

图2 种子植物属丰富度(GRN) (a, b)、特有属丰富度(EGRN) (c, d)和特有属比例(EGR) (e, f)与经纬度的关系, 丰富度数据均经过自然对数转换。

Fig. 2 Changes of genera richness (GRN) (a, b), endemic genera richness (EGRN) (c, d), and endemic genera ratio (EGR) (e, f) of seed plants along with longitude and latitude. Richness data were ln-transformed.

图3 不同空间距离上中国种子植物属丰富度(GRN)、特有属丰富度(EGRN)和特有属比例(EGR)的空间自相关特征

Fig. 3 Moran’s I of genera richness (GRN), endemic genera richness (EGRN), and endemic genera ratio (EGR) of seed plants at different distance classes

表2 种子植物属丰富度(GRN)、特有属丰富度(EGRN)和特有属比例(EGR)与各个环境因子的回归系数

Table 2 Regression coefficient of genera richness (GRN), endemic genera richness (EGRN) and endemic genera ratio (EGR) of seed plants with each environmental factor

自变量 Independent variables	属丰富度 GRN		特有属丰富度 EGRN		特有属比例 EGR
自变量 Independent variables	一次 Linear	二次 Quadratic	一次 Linear	二次 Quadratic	一次 Linear	二次 Quadratic
面积 AREA (–)	0.051*		0 0.008		0.005
海拔幅度 REL (+)	0.004	0.050*	0.067*	0.084*	0.106*	0.102*
年均温 TEM (+)	0.304*	0.304*	0.100*	0.192*	0.001	0.130*
最冷月均温 TCM (+)	0.377*	0.376*	0.189*	0.353*	0.010	0.220*
年降雨量 PRE (+)	0.389*	0.506*	0.148*	0.308*	0.001	0.144*
最干月降雨量 PDM (+)	0.210*	0.282*	0.108*	0.115*	0.005	0.006
潜在蒸散 PET (+)	0.342*	0.380*	0.075*	0.214*	0.002	0.126*
实际蒸散 AET (+)	0.465*	0.520*	0.198*	0.309*	0.008	0.116*

表3 种子植物属丰富度(GRN)、特有属丰富度(EGRN)和特有属比例(EGR)的生境异质性、气候、空间和综合模型

Table 3 Summary of heterogeneity, climate, spatial and integrative models for genera richness (GRN), endemic genera richness (EGRN) and endemic genera ratio (EGR) of seed plants

模型 Model	自变量 Independent variables	R² (%)	AIC	P
属丰富度(GRN)
生境异质性模型 Heterogeneity model	AREA, REL, REL²	9.1	178	< 0.001
气候模型 Climatic model	PRE, PRE², PDM, PDM², PET, TCM, TEM²	57.4	52	< 0.001
空间模型 Spatial model	X, XY, Y², X³, X²Y, XY²	46.6	96	< 0.001
综合模型 Integrative model	AREA, REL², PRE, PRE², PET, X, XY, XY²	66.7	35	< 0.001
特有属丰富(EGRN)
生境异质性模型 Heterogeneity model	AREA, REL, REL²	11.9	430	< 0.001
气候模型 Climatic model	TEM, TEM², TCM, PRE, PRE², PDM, PDM², PET, AET	60.1	305	< 0.001
空间模型 Spatial model	X, Y, XY, Y², X³, X²Y, XY², Y³	58.0	306	< 0.001
综合模型 Integrative model	AREA, REL², PRE, PRE², X, Y, Y², X²Y, XY²	73.9	240	< 0.001
特有属比例(EGR)
生境异质性模型 Heterogeneity model	AREA, REL, REL²	12.2	578	< 0.001
气候模型 Climatic model	TEM, TEM², TCM, PET, PRE, PRE²	49.1	490	< 0.001
空间模型 Spatial model	X, Y, X², XY, Y², X²Y, XY², Y³	53.5	471	< 0.001
综合模型 Integrative model	REL, REL², TEM, TCM, PET, Y, X², XY, X²Y, XY², Y³	62.2	229	< 0.001

表4 生境异质性(H)、气候因子(C)和空间因子(S)的独立效应及其交互效应(HC、HS、CS、HCS)所能解释的种子植物属丰富度(GRN)、特有属丰富度(EGRN)和特有属比例(EGR)的方差(%)

Table 4 Spatial variance in genera richness (GRN), endemic genera richness (EGRN), and endemic genera ratio (EGR) of seed plants explained exclusively by heterogeneity (H), climatic factors (C) and spatial factors (S), as well as jointly by the interactions between these groups (HC, HS, CS and HCS)

因变量 Response variables	独立效应 Pure components (%)			交互效应 Shared components (%)				解释的总方差 Total variance explained (%)
因变量 Response variables	H	C	S	HC	HS	CS	HCS	解释的总方差 Total variance explained (%)
属丰富度 GRN	8.2	9.1	2.4	-6.3	1.2	36.9	-7.1	66.7
特有属丰富度 EGRN	7.5	5.7	8.9	1.7	5.2	41.8	2.0	73.9
特有属比例 EGR	2.5	1.9	9.8	6.8	6.1	35.9	3.2	62.2

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