云南元阳哈尼梯田两个不同时期种植的水稻地方品种表型比较

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.365

生物多样性 ›› 2010, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (4): 365-372. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.365

云南元阳哈尼梯田两个不同时期种植的水稻地方品种表型比较

徐福荣¹^,², 张恩来², 董超², 戴陆园²^,^*(), 张红生¹^,^*()

1 南京农业大学作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室, 南京 210095
2 云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所, 昆明 650223

收稿日期:2010-04-13 接受日期:2010-06-28 出版日期:2010-07-20 发布日期:2010-07-20
通讯作者: 戴陆园,张红生
作者简介:hszhang@njau.edu.cn; 并列通讯作者
*E-mail:luyuandai@yahoo.com.cn;
基金资助:
科技部重大基础性研究专项“云南及周边地区农业生物资源调查”(2006FY110700);云南省科技强省计划“云南农业生物资源调查与共享平台建设(2007C0219Z);云南省人才培引项目(2008PY049);农业部“948”重大研究项目(2006-G1);“十一五”国家科技支撑(2006BAD13B01)

Comparison of phenotypic traits of rice landraces, grown in two different periods in Hani’s terraced fields in Yuanyang County, Yunnan

Furong Xu¹^,², Enlai Zhang², Chao Dong², Luyuan Dai²^,^*(), Hongsheng Zhang¹^,^*()

1 State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095
2 Institue of Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650223

Received:2010-04-13 Accepted:2010-06-28 Online:2010-07-20 Published:2010-07-20
Contact: Luyuan Dai,Hongsheng Zhang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示中国云南元阳哈尼梯田中所种植的水稻(Oryza sativa)地方品种的表型性状在30年间的变化, 我们通过田间实验方法, 对元阳哈尼梯田农户在20世纪70年代种植的66个(简称“过去的品种”)和近10年间种植的69个(简称“当前的品种”)代表性水稻地方品种的农艺性状进行了比较。结果表明, 23个农艺性状的多样性指数(H′)平均值, 过去的品种(1.784)大于当前的品种(1.766); 过去品种的变异系数平均值和相似性系数平均值(分别为19.5%和0.2107)均小于当前的品种(分别为21.7%和0.2149)。因子特征值大于1的主成分, 过去的品种有8个(PC1-8), 当前的品种有6个(PC1-6), 分别能够解释总变异的83.2%和81.4%。23个表型性状的聚类树形图和前3个主成分分布散点图均能将供试品种分为与籼、粳两个亚种相对应的两类。与过去种植的品种相比, 当前种植的品种表现为籼型品种、糯性品种、红米品种, 以及落粒性极强和强的品种比例降低; 当前种植品种的株高、穗颈长、穗下节长、千粒重和剑叶角度等参数显著下降, 相反, 单株有效穗、剑叶宽、每穗实粒数和结实率等参数显著增加, 其株型更紧凑。总体而言, 元阳哈尼梯田农户当前种植的水稻地方品种有单一化和遗传多样性降低的趋势, 这可能是由于杂交水稻的推广, 以及当地农民对产量性状的选择和传统文化习俗的淡化所致。建议对云南元阳哈尼梯田及时采取水稻地方品种与稻作传统文化并重的保护举措。

关键词: Oryza sativa, 农艺性状, 遗传相似性, 主成分, 聚类分析

Abstract

We used field experiments in Hani’s terraced fields in Yuanyang County, Yunnan Province, to compare 23 phenotypic traits of 135 paddy rice landraces, including 66 ones that used to be grown during the 1970s (past-grown landraces) and 69 ones that have been grown during the past decade (current-grown landraces). Comparing 23 phenotypic traits, the average Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the past-grown landraces (H′ = 1.784) was higher than that of the current-grown landraces (H′ = 1.766), while the average coefficients of variation and that of similarity of the past-grown (19.5% and 0.2107, respectively) were lower than those of the current-grown (21.7% and 0.2149, respectively). There were eight and six principal components with eigenvalues > 1 in the past-grown and current-grown landraces, respectively, accounting for 81.4% and 83.2% of their overall variation, respectively. Based on a cluster analysis of the 23 phenotypic traits and a scatter plot of the first three principal components, these landraces could be grouped into two subspecies, indicaand japonica. There was a slightly lower proportion of the indica, waxy, and red pericarp color varieties, as well as strong seed-shattering types in the current-grown landraces than in the past-grown ones. Average plant height, panicle neck length, node length under spike, 1,000-grain weight and flag-leaf angle were all lower in the current-grown. On the other hand, average panicles per plant, flag-leaf width, filled grains per panicle and seed-setting rate increased in the current-grown landraces. In addition, the current-grown landraces had more compact plant types. The simplification and decrease in the genetic diversity of current-grown landraces compared to past-grown landraces may have resulted from the increased use of hybrid rice, selection for high yield traits, and less consideration of the traditional cultural habitude by local ethnic groups. More attention should be paid to both conservation of rice landraces as well as to the traditional rice culture in Yuanyang Hani’s terraced fields in Yunnan Province.

Key words: Oryza sativa, agronomic traits, genetic similarity, principal components, cluster analysis

徐福荣, 张恩来, 董超, 戴陆园, 张红生 (2010) 云南元阳哈尼梯田两个不同时期种植的水稻地方品种表型比较. 生物多样性, 18, 365-372. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.365.

Furong Xu, Enlai Zhang, Chao Dong, Luyuan Dai, Hongsheng Zhang (2010) Comparison of phenotypic traits of rice landraces, grown in two different periods in Hani’s terraced fields in Yuanyang County, Yunnan. Biodiversity Science, 18, 365-372. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.365.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.365

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2010/V18/I4/365

图/表 3

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性状 Characters	平均值 Mean	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum	极差 Range	变异系数 CV(%)	多样性指数 H′	方差 Variance	F值 F-value	T值 T-value
播抽历期	146.00	162.00	129.50	32.50	5.54	2.012	65.448	1.150	0.882
Days from sowing to heading (d)	144.80	162.00	128.50	33.50	5.21	1.991	57.003	1.150	0.882
株高 Plant height (cm)	137.80	179.60	69.50	110.10	16.39	1.971	510.308	3.547^**	1.787
	143.40	172.20	87.40	84.90	8.37	1.823	143.760	3.547^**	1.787
单株有效穗 Panicles per plant	5.50	9.00	3.10	5.90	24.78	1.993	1.850	1.680^*	1.661
	5.10	7.90	2.60	5.30	20.41	1.955	1.103	1.680^*	1.661
分蘖数 Tillering number	5.50	8.90	3.30	5.60	21.99	1.980	1.488	1.100	0.568
	5.70	9.10	3.10	5.90	20.54	2.052	1.346	1.100	0.568
剑叶长 Flag leaf length (cm)	36.40	45.70	24.60	21.10	10.05	2.034	18.318	1.560	1.479
	37.40	45.40	25.20	20.20	10.25	2.002	11.765	1.560	1.479
剑叶宽 Flag leaf width (cm)	1.50	2.00	1.10	0.90	11.76	2.024	0.032	1.420	2.503^*
	1.40	1.80	1.10	0.70	9.16	2.046	0.023	1.420	2.503^*
穗长 Panicle length (cm)	24.70	30.20	20.20	10.00	11.82	2.000	3.423	1.191	0.536
	24.90	32.40	20.70	11.70	10.41	1.896	2.890	1.191	0.536
穗颈长 Panicle neck length (cm)	5.70	15.50	-5.83	21.33	7.51	2.021	26.112	2.479^**	0.060
	5.74	14.39	-2.84	17.23	6.83	1.965	10.563	2.479^**	0.060
穗下节长	38.90	52.20	19.20	33.00	89.69	1.906	43.957	2.936^**	1.586
Node length under spike (cm)	40.40	51.00	28.10	22.90	56.53	2.002	14.977	2.936^**	1.586
每穗总粒数 Spikelets per panicle	178.90	252.10	99.00	153.10	17.03	2.019	1,192.321	1.061	1.281
	171.20	256.60	74.50	182.10	9.58	2.034	1,123.590	1.061	1.281
每穗实粒数	132.10	203.50	14.00	189.50	19.33	2.013	1,469.189	1.170	2.405^*
Filled grains per panicle	115.60	198.50	21.10	177.40	19.58	2.093	1,718.103	1.170	2.405^*
结实率 Seed setting rate (%)	73.50	91.10	9.50	81.60	29.02	1.667	252.810	1.271	2.295^*
	66.80	89.50	13.10	76.40	35.87	1.784	320.410	1.271	2.295^*
千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	24.60	31.57	19.66	11.91	21.63	1.975	5.954	1.420	2.138^*
	25.50	31.66	19.33	12.33	26.83	1.925	4.203	1.420	2.138^*
粒长 Grain length (mm)	8.30	9.60	6.46	3.14	9.89	1.749	0.005	1.370	1.125
	8.40	9.55	6.73	2.82	8.03	1.820	0.004	1.370	1.125
粒宽 Grain width (mm)	3.32	3.92	2.93	0.99	8.32	1.958	0.000	1.377	0.295
	3.33	3.81	2.80	1.01	7.00	1.984	0.000	1.377	0.295
谷粒长宽比	2.52	3.06	1.75	1.31	7.07	1.836	0.109	1.249	0.419
Ratio of length to width for grain	2.54	3.32	1.80	1.52	5.99	1.945	0.090	1.249	0.419
粒厚 Grain thickness (mm)	2.21	2.40	2.03	0.37	13.17	2.077	0.000	1.195	1.402
	2.23	2.56	2.06	0.50	11.68	1.937	0.000	1.195	1.402
落粒性 Shattering	7.70	9.00	3.00	6.00	3.99	1.417	1.769	1.578	0.949
	7.80	9.00	5.00	4.00	3.60	1.369	1.124	1.578	0.949
谷粒形状 Grain shape	4.60	7.00	1.00	6.00	17.33	0.685	1.208	1.182	1.238
	4.80	9.00	1.00	8.00	13.45	0.623	1.022	1.182	1.238
种皮色 Pericarp color	1.60	5.00	1.00	4.00	30.09	0.806	0.410	1.115	0.842
	1.70	5.00	1.00	4.00	31.70	0.901	0.360	1.115	0.842
剑叶角度 Flag leaf angle	1.80	5.90	1.00	4.90	39.14	1.564	0.922	1.778^*	1.279
	2.00	7.10	1.00	6.10	35.91	1.557	1.638	1.778^*	1.279
穗立形状 Shape of panicle	6.60	9.00	1.00	8.00	53.52	1.899	3.686	1.052	0.368
	6.50	9.00	1.00	8.00	62.65	1.965	3.497	1.052	0.368
颖壳色 Glume color	1.24	4.50	1.00	3.50	29.20	1.002	0.250	1.241	0.743
	1.31	4.50	1.00	3.50	28.99	1.354	0.314	1.241	0.743

性状 Characters	平均值 Mean	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum	极差 Range	变异系数 CV(%)	多样性指数 H′	方差 Variance	F值 F-value	T值 T-value
播抽历期	146.00	162.00	129.50	32.50	5.54	2.012	65.448	1.150	0.882
Days from sowing to heading (d)	144.80	162.00	128.50	33.50	5.21	1.991	57.003	1.150	0.882
株高 Plant height (cm)	137.80	179.60	69.50	110.10	16.39	1.971	510.308	3.547^**	1.787
	143.40	172.20	87.40	84.90	8.37	1.823	143.760	3.547^**	1.787
单株有效穗 Panicles per plant	5.50	9.00	3.10	5.90	24.78	1.993	1.850	1.680^*	1.661
	5.10	7.90	2.60	5.30	20.41	1.955	1.103	1.680^*	1.661
分蘖数 Tillering number	5.50	8.90	3.30	5.60	21.99	1.980	1.488	1.100	0.568
	5.70	9.10	3.10	5.90	20.54	2.052	1.346	1.100	0.568
剑叶长 Flag leaf length (cm)	36.40	45.70	24.60	21.10	10.05	2.034	18.318	1.560	1.479
	37.40	45.40	25.20	20.20	10.25	2.002	11.765	1.560	1.479
剑叶宽 Flag leaf width (cm)	1.50	2.00	1.10	0.90	11.76	2.024	0.032	1.420	2.503^*
	1.40	1.80	1.10	0.70	9.16	2.046	0.023	1.420	2.503^*
穗长 Panicle length (cm)	24.70	30.20	20.20	10.00	11.82	2.000	3.423	1.191	0.536
	24.90	32.40	20.70	11.70	10.41	1.896	2.890	1.191	0.536
穗颈长 Panicle neck length (cm)	5.70	15.50	-5.83	21.33	7.51	2.021	26.112	2.479^**	0.060
	5.74	14.39	-2.84	17.23	6.83	1.965	10.563	2.479^**	0.060
穗下节长	38.90	52.20	19.20	33.00	89.69	1.906	43.957	2.936^**	1.586
Node length under spike (cm)	40.40	51.00	28.10	22.90	56.53	2.002	14.977	2.936^**	1.586
每穗总粒数 Spikelets per panicle	178.90	252.10	99.00	153.10	17.03	2.019	1,192.321	1.061	1.281
	171.20	256.60	74.50	182.10	9.58	2.034	1,123.590	1.061	1.281
每穗实粒数	132.10	203.50	14.00	189.50	19.33	2.013	1,469.189	1.170	2.405^*
Filled grains per panicle	115.60	198.50	21.10	177.40	19.58	2.093	1,718.103	1.170	2.405^*
结实率 Seed setting rate (%)	73.50	91.10	9.50	81.60	29.02	1.667	252.810	1.271	2.295^*
	66.80	89.50	13.10	76.40	35.87	1.784	320.410	1.271	2.295^*
千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	24.60	31.57	19.66	11.91	21.63	1.975	5.954	1.420	2.138^*
	25.50	31.66	19.33	12.33	26.83	1.925	4.203	1.420	2.138^*
粒长 Grain length (mm)	8.30	9.60	6.46	3.14	9.89	1.749	0.005	1.370	1.125
	8.40	9.55	6.73	2.82	8.03	1.820	0.004	1.370	1.125
粒宽 Grain width (mm)	3.32	3.92	2.93	0.99	8.32	1.958	0.000	1.377	0.295
	3.33	3.81	2.80	1.01	7.00	1.984	0.000	1.377	0.295
谷粒长宽比	2.52	3.06	1.75	1.31	7.07	1.836	0.109	1.249	0.419
Ratio of length to width for grain	2.54	3.32	1.80	1.52	5.99	1.945	0.090	1.249	0.419
粒厚 Grain thickness (mm)	2.21	2.40	2.03	0.37	13.17	2.077	0.000	1.195	1.402
	2.23	2.56	2.06	0.50	11.68	1.937	0.000	1.195	1.402
落粒性 Shattering	7.70	9.00	3.00	6.00	3.99	1.417	1.769	1.578	0.949
	7.80	9.00	5.00	4.00	3.60	1.369	1.124	1.578	0.949
谷粒形状 Grain shape	4.60	7.00	1.00	6.00	17.33	0.685	1.208	1.182	1.238
	4.80	9.00	1.00	8.00	13.45	0.623	1.022	1.182	1.238
种皮色 Pericarp color	1.60	5.00	1.00	4.00	30.09	0.806	0.410	1.115	0.842
	1.70	5.00	1.00	4.00	31.70	0.901	0.360	1.115	0.842
剑叶角度 Flag leaf angle	1.80	5.90	1.00	4.90	39.14	1.564	0.922	1.778^*	1.279
	2.00	7.10	1.00	6.10	35.91	1.557	1.638	1.778^*	1.279
穗立形状 Shape of panicle	6.60	9.00	1.00	8.00	53.52	1.899	3.686	1.052	0.368
	6.50	9.00	1.00	8.00	62.65	1.965	3.497	1.052	0.368
颖壳色 Glume color	1.24	4.50	1.00	3.50	29.20	1.002	0.250	1.241	0.743
	1.31	4.50	1.00	3.50	28.99	1.354	0.314	1.241	0.743

云南元阳哈尼梯田两个不同时期种植的水稻地方品种表型比较

Comparison of phenotypic traits of rice landraces, grown in two different periods in Hani’s terraced fields in Yuanyang County, Yunnan

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