全国陆生野生动物调查单元区划方案

doi:10.17520/biods.2017135

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国早期的动物地理区划主要依靠专家知识和经验, 缺乏系统的定量分析, 而且部分基本区划单元内的动物生态成分差异仍然较大, 使其在野生动物保护管理应用中受到一定限制。为满足野生动物保护管理的需要, 尤其为满足全国第二次陆生野生动物资源调查的需要, 我们在张荣祖“中国动物地理区划”的基础上, 进行了全国野生动物调查单元区划。将全国陆地区域划分为5 km × 5 km的网格, 基于1,784种陆栖脊椎动物(262种两栖动物、358种爬行动物、814种鸟类、350种兽类)的分布数据, 对各网格内的动物分布型比例及自然环境因子进行聚类分析。根据聚类结果, 并结合指示物种的分布情况以及省级行政区划界线, 将全国划分为2界7区19亚区54个动物地理省239个生态地理单元310个调查单元。与张荣祖“中国动物地理区划”方案相比, 界、区、亚区、动物地理省的数量一致, 边界走向基本一致, 但也有一些界线不同, 而且增加了“生态地理单元”和“调查单元” 2级区划单元。

关键词: 野生动物, 区划, 聚类分析, 动物地理, 生态地理单元, 调查单元

Abstract:

China’s previous zoogeographical regionalization designations were delineated according to expert knowledge and experience. However, these previous designations have limited application in wildlife conservation and management because of a lack of quantitative footing. Additionally, there are still significant differences in the ecological components of some of the basic units. In order to meet the needs of wildlife protection and management, especially the needs of the Second National Survey on Terrestrial Wildlife Resources in China, we carried out national wildlife survey unit zoning, based on Zhang Rongzu’s “Zoogeographical Regions of China”. In this study, hierarchical clustering was applied to a 5 km × 5 km grid of faunistic and environmental components, based on a comprehensive species distribution dataset, consisting of 262 amphibians, 358 reptiles, 814 birds, and 350 mammals. Our results delineated China into 2 realms, 7 regions, 19 sub-regions, 54 zoogeographical provinces, 239 eco-geographical units, and 310 survey units. Compared to Zhang’s scheme, the number of realms, regions, sub-regions, and zoogeographical provinces are the same and most of the boundaries are broadly consistent, however, some discrepancies also emerge. To meet the needs of wildlife conservation and management, two hierarchical levels of zoogeographical units were added, namely eco-geographical units and survey units.

Key words: wildlife, regionalization, clustering, zoogeography, eco-geographical unit, survey unit

郜二虎, 何杰坤, 王志臣, 徐扬, 唐小平, 江海声 (2017) 全国陆生野生动物调查单元区划方案. 生物多样性, 25, 1321-1330. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017135.

Erhu Gao, Jiekun He, Zhichen Wang, Yang Xu, Xiaoping Tang, Haisheng Jiang (2017) China’s zoogeographical regionalization based on terrestrial vertebrates. Biodiversity Science, 25, 1321-1330. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017135.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2017135

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2017/V25/I12/1321

图/表 5

图1 各网格动物分布型比例聚类结果示意图: (a) 7类; (b) 19类。其中A-G表示可识别出的7个不同区域; Aa、Ab表示A区可进一步识别出Aa、Ab两个区域, 以此类推。

Fig. 1 Results from hierarchical clustering on chorotype proportion of each grids. (a) 7 clusters and (b) 19 clusters. Codes from A to G in the figures representing 7 zones that can be identified, while codes Aa and Ab representing 2 zones that can be further identified in zone A, and so on.

图2 我国主要动物分布型的分布格局

Fig. 2 Distribution patterns of the main chorotypes in China

图3 全国陆生野生动物调查单元区划图

Fig. 3 Map of zoogeographical regions of China for terrestrial wildlife survey

图4 7个地理区的动物区系成分分类树

Fig. 4 Classification tree on the regional fauna of seven zoogeographical regions

图5 横断山区不同海拔区间各动物分布型比例

Fig. 5 Proportion of chorotype along elevation gradients in the Hengduanshan Mountains

参考文献 18

[19]	Luo KF (1954) Draft of natural geography regionalization of China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 20, 379-394. (in Chinese)
	[罗开富 (1954) 中国自然地理分区草案. 地理学报, 20, 379-394.]
[20]	Passalacqua NG (2015) On the definition of element, chorotype and component in biogeography. Journal of Biogeography, 42, 611-618.
[21]	Ren ME (1999) Outline of China’s Physical Geography, 3rd ednThe Commercial Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[任美锷 (1999) 中国自然地理纲要(第三版). 商务印书馆, 北京.]
[22]	Rueda M, Rodríguez MÁ, Hawkins BA (2013) Identifying global zoogeographical regions: lessons from Wallace. Journal of Biogeography, 40, 2215-2225.
[23]	Rondinini C, Di Marco M, Chiozza F, Santulli G, Baisero D, Visconti P, Hoffmann M, Schipper J, Stuart SN, Tognelli MF, Amori G, Falcucci A, Maiorano L, Boitani L (2011) Global habitat suitability models of terrestrial mammals. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 366, 2633-2641.
[24]	Shou ZH (1955) The distribution of fur-bearing mammals in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 21, 405-421. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[寿振黄 (1955) 中国毛皮兽的分布. 地理学报, 21, 405-421.]
[25]	Sun ZY, Liu SY, Liu Y, Zhao J, Xu MY, Ni G, Yang ZH (2007) Diversity of large and medium sized mammals in the Haizishan Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 27, 274-279. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[孙治宇, 刘少英, 刘洋, 赵杰, 徐明友, 倪刚, 杨执衡 (2007) 四川海子山自然保护区大中型兽类多样性调查. 兽类学报, 27, 274-279.]
[26]	Tian HZ, Dong QY, Li HQ (2013) Comparison of Orchidaceae flora in 38 regions of China. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occi¬dentalia Sinica, 33, 808-823. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[田怀珍, 董全英, 李宏庆 (2013) 中国38个地区兰科植物区系成分的比较分析. 西北植物学报, 33, 808-823.
[27]	Tu FY, Tang MK, Liu Y, Sun ZY, Zhang XY, Yue BS, Liu SY (2012) Fauna and species diversity of small mammals in Jiajin Mountains, Sichuan Province, China. Acta Theriolo¬gica Sinica, 32, 287-296. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[涂飞云, 唐明坤, 刘洋, 孙治宇, 张修月, 岳碧松, 刘少英 (2012) 四川夹金山小型兽类区系及多样性. 兽类学报, 32, 287-296.]
[28]	Wallace AR (1876) The Geographical Distribution of Animals. Harper & Brothers, New York.
[29]	Wang YX (2003) A Complete Checklist of Mammal Species and Subspecies in China:A Taxonomic and Geographic ReferenceChina Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[王应祥 (2003) 中国哺乳动物种和亚种分类名录与分布大全中国林业出版社, 北京.]
[30]	Xiang Z, Liang X, Huo S, Ma S (2004) Quantitative analysis of land mammal zoogeographical regions in China and adjacent regions. Zoological Studies, 43, 142-160.
[31]	Xie Y (2000) Study on Bio-geographical Divisions of China. PhD dissertation, Institute of Animal, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[解焱 (2000) 中国生物地理区划研究. 博士学位论文, 中国科学院动物研究所, 北京.]
[1]	Chen L, Song Y, Xu S (2008) The boundary of palaearctic and oriental realms in western China. Progress in Natural Science, 18, 833-841.
[2]	De Klerk H, Crowe T, Fjeldså J, Burgess ND (2002) Biogeographical patterns of endemic terrestrial Afrotropical birds. Diversity and Distributions, 8, 147-162.
[32]	Xie Y, Li DM, MacKinnon J (2002) Preliminary researches on bio-geographical divisions of China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 22, 1599-1615. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[解焱, 李典谟, John MacKinnon (2002) 中国生物地理区划研究. 生态学报, 22, 1599-1615.]
[3]	Fattorini S (2015) On the concept of chorotype. Journal of Biogeography, 42, 2246-2251.
[4]	Fattorini S (2016) A history of chorological categories. History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences, 38, 12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-016-0114-1 (accessed on 2017-04-25)
[33]	Xie Y, MacKinnon J, Li DM (2004) Study on biogeographical divisions of China. Biodiversity and Conservation, 13, 1391-1417.
[34]	Xing Y, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Wang X (2008) Geographical patt¬erns based on faunal types of breeding birds and mammals in China. Integrative Zoology, 3, 280-289.
[5]	Fei L, Hu SQ, Ye CY, Huang YZ (2006) Fauna Sinica (Am¬phibia 1):General Accounts of Amphibia, Gymnophiona and UrodelaScience Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[费梁, 胡淑琴, 叶昌媛, 黄永昭 (2006) 中国动物志•两栖纲•上卷:总论, 蚓螈目, 有尾目科学出版社, 北京.]
[6]	Fei L, Hu SQ, Ye CY, Huang YZ (2009a) Fauna Sinica (Amphibia 2):AnuraScience Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
[35]	Zhang MW, Zong Y, Ma JF (1998) Fauna Sinica (Reptilia 1):General Accounts of Reptilia, Testudoformes and Crocodili¬formesScience Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[张孟闻, 宗愉, 马积藩 (1998) 中国动物志•爬行纲•第一卷:总论, 龟鳖目, 鳄形目科学出版社, 北京.]
[36]	Zhang RZ (2011) China Animal Geography. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
[6]	[费梁, 胡淑琴, 叶昌媛, 黄永昭 (2009a) 中国动物志•两栖纲•中卷:无尾目科学出版社, 北京.]
[7]	Fei L, Hu SQ, Ye CY, Huang YZ (2009b) Fauna Sinica (Amphibia 3):Anura, RanidaeScience Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
[36]	[张荣祖 (2011) 中国动物地理科学出版社, 北京.]
[37]	Zhang XS (2007) Vegetation Map of the People’s Republic of China (1:1,000,000)Geological Publishing House, Beijing. (in Chinese)
[7]	[费梁, 胡淑琴, 叶昌媛, 黄永昭 (2009b) 中国动物志•两栖纲•下卷:无尾目, 蛙科科学出版社, 北京.]
[8]	Feng JM, Zhu YY (2010) On the genera of seed plants endemic to China in Yunnan. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 19, 621-625. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[冯建孟, 朱有勇 (2010) 云南地区中国种子植物特有属的研究. 生态环境学报, 19, 621-625.]
[37]	[张新时 (2007) 中华人民共和国植被图(1:1,000,000)地质出版社, 北京.]
[38]	Zhang YY, Zhou LZ, Wang QS, Wang XJ, Xing YJ (2008) Distribution pattern and hotspot analysis of breeding birds in Anhui Province. Biodiversity Science, 16, 305-312. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[张有瑜, 周立志, 王岐山, 王新建, 邢雅俊 (2008) 安徽省繁殖鸟类分布格局和热点区分析. 生物多样性, 16, 305-312.]
[9]	Gao EH, Wang ZC, Wang WS, Chen DF, Ma GQ, Tang XP (2014) Technical plan for the second national survey of terrestrial wildlife in China. Chinese Journal of Wildlife, 35, 238-240. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[郜二虎, 王志臣, 王维胜, 陈涤非, 马国青, 唐小平 (2014) 全国第二次陆生野生动物资源调查总体思路. 野生动物学报, 35, 238-240.]
[39]	Zhao EM, Huang MH, Zong Y (1998) Fauna Sinica (Reptilia 3):Squamata (Serpentes)Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[赵尔宓, 黄美华, 宗愉 (1998) 中国动物志•爬行纲•第三卷:有鳞目, 蛇亚目科学出版社, 北京.]
[10]	Gong ZD, Duan XD, Feng XG, Wu HY, Liu Q (1999) The fauna and ecology of fleas in Cangshan Mountain and Erhai Lake Nature Reserve, Dali. Zoological Research, 20, 451-456. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[龚正达, 段兴德, 冯锡光, 吴厚永, 刘泉 (1999) 大理苍山洱海自然保护区山地蚤类区系与生态的研究. 动物学研究, 20, 451-456.]
[40]	Zhao EM, Zhao KT, Zhou KY (1999) Fauna Sinica (Reptilia 2):Squamata (Lacertilia)Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[赵尔宓, 赵肯堂, 周开亚 (1999) 中国动物志•爬行纲•第二卷:有鳞目, 蜥蜴亚目科学出版社, 北京.]
[41]	Zhao SQ (1983) A new scheme for comprehensive physicalg¬eopraphical regionalization in China. Acta Geopraphica Sinica, 38, 1-10. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]	He J, Kreft H, Gao E, Wang Z, Jiang H (2017) Patterns and drivers of zoogeographical regions of terrestrial vertebrates in China. Journal of Biogeography, 44, 1172-1184.
[12]	Hijmans RJ, Cameron SE, Parra JL, Jones PG, Jarvis A (2005) Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology, 25, 1965-1978.
[13]	Hoffmann RS (2001) The southern boundary of the Palaearctic realm in China and adjacent countries. Acta Zoologica Sinica, 47, 121-131.
[41]	[赵松乔 (1983) 中国综合自然地理区划的一个新方案. 地理学报, 38, 1-10.]
[42]	Zheng D (2008) China’s Ecogeographical Regionalization Res¬earchThe Commercial Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
[14]	Holt BG, Lessard JP, Borregaard MK, Fritz SA, Araújo MB, Dimitrov D, Fabre PH, Graham CH, Graves GR, Jønsson KA, Nogués-Bravo D, Wang Z, Whittaker RJ, Fjeldså J, Rahbek C (2013) An update of Wallace’s zoogeographic regions of the world. Science, 339, 74-78.
[15]	Huang BW (1958) A preliminary draft of comprehensive physical regionalization in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 24, 348-365. (in Chinese)
[42]	[郑度 (2008) 中国生态地理区域系统研究. 商务印书馆, 北京.]
[43]	Zheng GM (2011) A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China, 2nd edn. Science Press, Beijing. [郑光美 (2011) 中国鸟类分类与分布名录(第二版)科学出版社, 北京.]
[15]	[黄秉维 (1958) 中国综合自然区划的初步草案. 地理学报, 24, 348-365.]
[16]	Kreft H, Jetz W (2010) A framework for delineating biogeo¬graphical regions based on species distributions. Journal of Biogeography, 37, 2029-2053.
[17]	Lennon JJ, Koleff P, Greenwood J, Gaston KJ (2001) The geographical structure of British bird distributions: diversity, spatial turnover and scale. Journal of Animal Ecology, 70, 966-979.
[44]	Zheng ZX, Zhang RZ (1959) China animal geographical regio¬nalization. In: China Animal Geographical Regionalization and China Insects Geographical Regionalization (draft) (ed. Committee of Natural Regionalization of Chinese Academy of Sciences), pp. 1-66. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[郑作新, 张荣祖 (1959) 中国动物地理区划. 见:中国动物地理区划与中国昆虫地理区划(初稿) (中国科学院自然区划工作委员会编), 1-66页科学出版社, 北京.]
[18]	Li XC (2000) Multivariate analysis on zoogeographical division. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 30, 265-267. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[李晓晨 (2000) 动物地理区划的聚类分析. 西北大学学报(自然科学版), 30, 265-267.]