全国陆生野生动物调查单元区划方案

doi:10.17520/biods.2017135

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国早期的动物地理区划主要依靠专家知识和经验, 缺乏系统的定量分析, 而且部分基本区划单元内的动物生态成分差异仍然较大, 使其在野生动物保护管理应用中受到一定限制。为满足野生动物保护管理的需要, 尤其为满足全国第二次陆生野生动物资源调查的需要, 我们在张荣祖“中国动物地理区划”的基础上, 进行了全国野生动物调查单元区划。将全国陆地区域划分为5 km × 5 km的网格, 基于1,784种陆栖脊椎动物(262种两栖动物、358种爬行动物、814种鸟类、350种兽类)的分布数据, 对各网格内的动物分布型比例及自然环境因子进行聚类分析。根据聚类结果, 并结合指示物种的分布情况以及省级行政区划界线, 将全国划分为2界7区19亚区54个动物地理省239个生态地理单元310个调查单元。与张荣祖“中国动物地理区划”方案相比, 界、区、亚区、动物地理省的数量一致, 边界走向基本一致, 但也有一些界线不同, 而且增加了“生态地理单元”和“调查单元” 2级区划单元。

关键词: 野生动物, 区划, 聚类分析, 动物地理, 生态地理单元, 调查单元

Abstract:

China’s previous zoogeographical regionalization designations were delineated according to expert knowledge and experience. However, these previous designations have limited application in wildlife conservation and management because of a lack of quantitative footing. Additionally, there are still significant differences in the ecological components of some of the basic units. In order to meet the needs of wildlife protection and management, especially the needs of the Second National Survey on Terrestrial Wildlife Resources in China, we carried out national wildlife survey unit zoning, based on Zhang Rongzu’s “Zoogeographical Regions of China”. In this study, hierarchical clustering was applied to a 5 km × 5 km grid of faunistic and environmental components, based on a comprehensive species distribution dataset, consisting of 262 amphibians, 358 reptiles, 814 birds, and 350 mammals. Our results delineated China into 2 realms, 7 regions, 19 sub-regions, 54 zoogeographical provinces, 239 eco-geographical units, and 310 survey units. Compared to Zhang’s scheme, the number of realms, regions, sub-regions, and zoogeographical provinces are the same and most of the boundaries are broadly consistent, however, some discrepancies also emerge. To meet the needs of wildlife conservation and management, two hierarchical levels of zoogeographical units were added, namely eco-geographical units and survey units.

Key words: wildlife, regionalization, clustering, zoogeography, eco-geographical unit, survey unit

郜二虎, 何杰坤, 王志臣, 徐扬, 唐小平, 江海声. 全国陆生野生动物调查单元区划方案[J]. 生物多样性, 2017, 25(12): 1321-1330.

Erhu Gao, Jiekun He, Zhichen Wang, Yang Xu, Xiaoping Tang, Haisheng Jiang. China’s zoogeographical regionalization based on terrestrial vertebrates[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2017, 25(12): 1321-1330.

图/表 5

图1 各网格动物分布型比例聚类结果示意图: (a) 7类; (b) 19类。其中A-G表示可识别出的7个不同区域; Aa、Ab表示A区可进一步识别出Aa、Ab两个区域, 以此类推。

Fig. 1 Results from hierarchical clustering on chorotype proportion of each grids. (a) 7 clusters and (b) 19 clusters. Codes from A to G in the figures representing 7 zones that can be identified, while codes Aa and Ab representing 2 zones that can be further identified in zone A, and so on.

图2 我国主要动物分布型的分布格局

Fig. 2 Distribution patterns of the main chorotypes in China

图3 全国陆生野生动物调查单元区划图

Fig. 3 Map of zoogeographical regions of China for terrestrial wildlife survey

图4 7个地理区的动物区系成分分类树

Fig. 4 Classification tree on the regional fauna of seven zoogeographical regions

图5 横断山区不同海拔区间各动物分布型比例

Fig. 5 Proportion of chorotype along elevation gradients in the Hengduanshan Mountains

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