生物多样性 ›› 2013, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (1): 62-70. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.09120
收稿日期:
2012-05-25
接受日期:
2012-10-25
出版日期:
2013-01-20
发布日期:
2013-02-04
通讯作者:
李子忠
基金资助:
Chengxiang Xu1,2, Zizhong Li1,*(), Daohong Li2
Received:
2012-05-25
Accepted:
2012-10-25
Online:
2013-01-20
Published:
2013-02-04
Contact:
Li Zizhong
摘要:
为了解洞穴动物群落多样性与环境的关系, 以及土壤重金属污染对洞穴动物分布和多样性的影响, 作者于2011年8月对贵州的著名旅游洞穴织金洞的动物群落多样性进行了调查。将该洞划分为5个光带, 即入洞口有光带、出洞口有光带、入洞口弱光带、出洞口弱光带和黑暗带, 共设置25个样方。采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数对群落多样性进行了分析, 采用主成分(PCA)分析动物群落多样性与环境的关系, 用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法测度和评价了洞内土壤重金属的潜在生态危害程度。结果显示: 共获动物标本1,080号, 隶属3门7纲26科41种(或类群); 多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数最高的分别是出洞口有光带(2.7996)、入洞口有光带(4.5399)、出洞口有光带(0.9196)和出洞口弱光带(0.1868), 入洞口有光带和出洞口有光带间相似性系数最高(0.6248); 群落多样性和丰富度沿有光带、弱光带、黑暗带呈递减趋势。土壤中的有机质和空气中CO2含量、洞穴湿度、温度以及土壤中的重金属污染是影响洞穴动物群落多样性的主导因子; 土壤中Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、As均处于低度生态危害水平, 而Hg污染较为严重, 在入洞口有光带已达到重度生态危害水平(Eri=256.000); 从整个洞穴的综合潜在生态风险指数的平均值(RI=192.714)来看, 6种重金属总的潜在生态危害程度达到中度生态危害水平, 洞穴受到一定程度的重金属污染。
徐承香, 李子忠, 黎道洪 (2013) 贵州织金洞洞穴动物群落多样性与光照强度及土壤重金属含量的关系. 生物多样性, 21, 62-70. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.09120.
Chengxiang Xu,Zizhong Li,Daohong Li (2013) Relationships between the diversity of animal communities and the lighting environment and content of heavy metals in soils in Guizhou Zhijin Cave. Biodiversity Science, 21, 62-70. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.09120.
种或类群 Species or group | 入洞口有光带 Light zone of entrance | 出洞口有光带 Light zone of exit | 入洞口弱光带 Weak-light zone of entrance | 出洞口弱光带 Weak-light zone of exit | 黑暗带 Dark zone | 百分比 Percentage (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
环口螺科 Cyclophoridae | |||||||
长羽兔唇螺 Lagochilus longipilus | 9 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 2.0 | ||
褐带环口螺 Cyclophorus martensianus | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1.2 | ||
钻头螺科 Subulinidae | |||||||
柑卷轴螺 Tortaxis mandarinuse | 15 | 1.4 | |||||
条纹钻螺 Opeas striatissimum | 13 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 2.5 | ||
烟管螺科 Clausiliidae | |||||||
尖真管螺 Euphaedusa aculus | 7 | 9 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 2.9 | |
真管螺属未定种 Euphaedusa sp. | 21 | 17 | 3.5 | ||||
雨拟管螺 Hemiphaedusa pluviatilis | 101 | 38 | 12.9 | ||||
麦氏拟管螺 H. moellendorffiana | 120 | 25 | 13.4 | ||||
拟阿勇蛞蝓科 Ariophantidae | |||||||
猛巨楯蛞蝓 Macrochlamys rejecta | 14 | 15 | 11 | 9 | 5 | 5.0 | |
树脂巨楯蛞蝓 M. resinacea | 8 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 2.4 | |
扁平巨楯蛞蝓 M. planula | 3 | 0.3 | |||||
巨楯蛞蝓属未定种 Macrochlamys sp. | 11 | 33 | 4.1 | ||||
虹蛹螺科 Pupilidae | |||||||
喇叭螺属未定种 Boysidia sp. | 13 | 8 | 1.9 | ||||
坚齿螺科 Camaenidae | |||||||
扁平毛蜗牛 Trichochloritis submissa | 4 | 0.4 | |||||
巴蜗牛科 Bradybaenidae | |||||||
平顶巴蜗牛 Bradybaena strictotaenia | 45 | 9 | 5.0 | ||||
灰巴蜗牛 B. ravida | 6 | 19 | 2.3 | ||||
锥尖巴蜗牛 B. acustina | 2 | 0.2 | |||||
巴蜗牛属未定种 Bradybaena sp. | 6 | 3 | 0.8 | ||||
小婴石螺 Chalepotaxis infantilis | 6 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1.4 | ||
环肋螺属未定种 Plectotropis sp. | 4 | 7 | 1.0 | ||||
潮虫科 Oniscidae | |||||||
粗糙鼠妇 Pocellio scaber | 3 | 0.3 | |||||
长踦盲蛛科 Phalangiidae | 3 | 15 | 12 | 40 | 6.5 | ||
巨蟹蛛科 Heteropodidae | |||||||
严特巨蟹蛛 Thelecticopis severa | 2 | 0.2 | |||||
球蛛科 Theridiidae | |||||||
温室腴蛛 Parasteatoda tepidariorum | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.4 | |||
暗蛛科 Amaurobiidae | |||||||
龙隙蛛属未定种 Draconarius sp. | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0.5 | |||
平隙蛛属未定种 Platocoelotes sp. | 2 | 1 | 0.3 | ||||
栅蛛科 Hahniidae | |||||||
栅蛛属未定种 Hahnia sp. | 2 | 0.2 | |||||
蟹蛛科 Thomisidae | |||||||
波纹花蟹蛛 Xysticus croceus | 3 | 1 | 7 | 1.0 | |||
蚰蜒科 Scutigelidae | |||||||
大蚰蜒 Thereuopoda clunifera | 1 | 0.1 | |||||
长头地蜈蚣科 Mecistocephalidae | |||||||
长头地蜈蚣属未定种 Mecistocephalus sp. | 1 | 0.1 | |||||
奇马陆科 Paradoxosomatidae | |||||||
陇马陆属未定种 Kronopolites sp. | 2 | 0.2 | |||||
角囊马陆科 Cambalidae | |||||||
角囊马陆属未定种 Podoglyiulus sp. | 2 | 16 | 12 | 21 | 4.7 | ||
鳖蠊科 Corydiidae | |||||||
中华真地鳖 Eupolyphaga sinensis | 5 | 0.5 | |||||
驼螽科 Rhaphidophoridae | |||||||
裸灶螽亚属未定种 Diestrammena sp. | 3 | 15 | 8 | 21 | 19 | 6.1 | |
蚁蛉科 Myrmeleontidae | |||||||
蚁蛉 Myrmeleon formicarius | 22 | 13 | 3.2 | ||||
步甲科 Carabidae | |||||||
盲目步行虫属未定种 Sinaphaenops sp. | 2 | 2 | 6 | 0.9 | |||
上野行步甲属未定种 Uenotrechus sp. | 2 | 0.2 | |||||
夜蛾科 Noctuidae | |||||||
闪夜蛾属未定种 Sypna sp. | 15 | 5 | 21 | 7 | 3 | 4.7 | |
大蚊科 Tipulidae | |||||||
大蚊属未定种 Tipula sp. | 8 | 4 | 1.1 | ||||
菊头蝠科 Rhinolophidae | |||||||
小菊头蝠 Rhinolophus blythi | 28 | 2.6 | |||||
鼠科 Muridae | |||||||
小泡巨鼠 Rattus edwardsi | 18 | 1.7 | |||||
种类总计 Total species | 29 | 21 | 18 | 16 | 15 | 100.0 | |
个体数量总计 Toatl individuals | 477 | 263 | 107 | 113 | 120 |
表1 贵州省织金洞内动物的种类(类群)组成及相对数量
Table 1 Animal species (group) composition and relative individual numbers in Zhijin Cave, Guizhou Province
种或类群 Species or group | 入洞口有光带 Light zone of entrance | 出洞口有光带 Light zone of exit | 入洞口弱光带 Weak-light zone of entrance | 出洞口弱光带 Weak-light zone of exit | 黑暗带 Dark zone | 百分比 Percentage (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
环口螺科 Cyclophoridae | |||||||
长羽兔唇螺 Lagochilus longipilus | 9 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 2.0 | ||
褐带环口螺 Cyclophorus martensianus | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1.2 | ||
钻头螺科 Subulinidae | |||||||
柑卷轴螺 Tortaxis mandarinuse | 15 | 1.4 | |||||
条纹钻螺 Opeas striatissimum | 13 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 2.5 | ||
烟管螺科 Clausiliidae | |||||||
尖真管螺 Euphaedusa aculus | 7 | 9 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 2.9 | |
真管螺属未定种 Euphaedusa sp. | 21 | 17 | 3.5 | ||||
雨拟管螺 Hemiphaedusa pluviatilis | 101 | 38 | 12.9 | ||||
麦氏拟管螺 H. moellendorffiana | 120 | 25 | 13.4 | ||||
拟阿勇蛞蝓科 Ariophantidae | |||||||
猛巨楯蛞蝓 Macrochlamys rejecta | 14 | 15 | 11 | 9 | 5 | 5.0 | |
树脂巨楯蛞蝓 M. resinacea | 8 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 2.4 | |
扁平巨楯蛞蝓 M. planula | 3 | 0.3 | |||||
巨楯蛞蝓属未定种 Macrochlamys sp. | 11 | 33 | 4.1 | ||||
虹蛹螺科 Pupilidae | |||||||
喇叭螺属未定种 Boysidia sp. | 13 | 8 | 1.9 | ||||
坚齿螺科 Camaenidae | |||||||
扁平毛蜗牛 Trichochloritis submissa | 4 | 0.4 | |||||
巴蜗牛科 Bradybaenidae | |||||||
平顶巴蜗牛 Bradybaena strictotaenia | 45 | 9 | 5.0 | ||||
灰巴蜗牛 B. ravida | 6 | 19 | 2.3 | ||||
锥尖巴蜗牛 B. acustina | 2 | 0.2 | |||||
巴蜗牛属未定种 Bradybaena sp. | 6 | 3 | 0.8 | ||||
小婴石螺 Chalepotaxis infantilis | 6 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1.4 | ||
环肋螺属未定种 Plectotropis sp. | 4 | 7 | 1.0 | ||||
潮虫科 Oniscidae | |||||||
粗糙鼠妇 Pocellio scaber | 3 | 0.3 | |||||
长踦盲蛛科 Phalangiidae | 3 | 15 | 12 | 40 | 6.5 | ||
巨蟹蛛科 Heteropodidae | |||||||
严特巨蟹蛛 Thelecticopis severa | 2 | 0.2 | |||||
球蛛科 Theridiidae | |||||||
温室腴蛛 Parasteatoda tepidariorum | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.4 | |||
暗蛛科 Amaurobiidae | |||||||
龙隙蛛属未定种 Draconarius sp. | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0.5 | |||
平隙蛛属未定种 Platocoelotes sp. | 2 | 1 | 0.3 | ||||
栅蛛科 Hahniidae | |||||||
栅蛛属未定种 Hahnia sp. | 2 | 0.2 | |||||
蟹蛛科 Thomisidae | |||||||
波纹花蟹蛛 Xysticus croceus | 3 | 1 | 7 | 1.0 | |||
蚰蜒科 Scutigelidae | |||||||
大蚰蜒 Thereuopoda clunifera | 1 | 0.1 | |||||
长头地蜈蚣科 Mecistocephalidae | |||||||
长头地蜈蚣属未定种 Mecistocephalus sp. | 1 | 0.1 | |||||
奇马陆科 Paradoxosomatidae | |||||||
陇马陆属未定种 Kronopolites sp. | 2 | 0.2 | |||||
角囊马陆科 Cambalidae | |||||||
角囊马陆属未定种 Podoglyiulus sp. | 2 | 16 | 12 | 21 | 4.7 | ||
鳖蠊科 Corydiidae | |||||||
中华真地鳖 Eupolyphaga sinensis | 5 | 0.5 | |||||
驼螽科 Rhaphidophoridae | |||||||
裸灶螽亚属未定种 Diestrammena sp. | 3 | 15 | 8 | 21 | 19 | 6.1 | |
蚁蛉科 Myrmeleontidae | |||||||
蚁蛉 Myrmeleon formicarius | 22 | 13 | 3.2 | ||||
步甲科 Carabidae | |||||||
盲目步行虫属未定种 Sinaphaenops sp. | 2 | 2 | 6 | 0.9 | |||
上野行步甲属未定种 Uenotrechus sp. | 2 | 0.2 | |||||
夜蛾科 Noctuidae | |||||||
闪夜蛾属未定种 Sypna sp. | 15 | 5 | 21 | 7 | 3 | 4.7 | |
大蚊科 Tipulidae | |||||||
大蚊属未定种 Tipula sp. | 8 | 4 | 1.1 | ||||
菊头蝠科 Rhinolophidae | |||||||
小菊头蝠 Rhinolophus blythi | 28 | 2.6 | |||||
鼠科 Muridae | |||||||
小泡巨鼠 Rattus edwardsi | 18 | 1.7 | |||||
种类总计 Total species | 29 | 21 | 18 | 16 | 15 | 100.0 | |
个体数量总计 Toatl individuals | 477 | 263 | 107 | 113 | 120 |
群落 Community | 多样性指数(H') Shannon-Wiener diversity index | 丰富度指数(D) Margalef richness index | 均匀度指数(J') Pielou evenness index | 优势度指数(C) Simpson dominance index |
---|---|---|---|---|
A | 2.6009 | 4.5399 | 0.7724 | 0.1280 |
B | 2.7996 | 3.5893 | 0.9196 | 0.0696 |
C | 2.5193 | 3.6381 | 0.8716 | 0.1037 |
D | 2.0978 | 3.1730 | 0.7566 | 0.1868 |
E | 2.2061 | 2.9243 | 0.8146 | 0.1428 |
表2 织金洞洞穴动物群落的多样性特征
Table 2 Diversity, richness, evenness and dominance indices of five animal communities in Zhijin Cave
群落 Community | 多样性指数(H') Shannon-Wiener diversity index | 丰富度指数(D) Margalef richness index | 均匀度指数(J') Pielou evenness index | 优势度指数(C) Simpson dominance index |
---|---|---|---|---|
A | 2.6009 | 4.5399 | 0.7724 | 0.1280 |
B | 2.7996 | 3.5893 | 0.9196 | 0.0696 |
C | 2.5193 | 3.6381 | 0.8716 | 0.1037 |
D | 2.0978 | 3.1730 | 0.7566 | 0.1868 |
E | 2.2061 | 2.9243 | 0.8146 | 0.1428 |
群落 Community | A | B | C | D |
---|---|---|---|---|
B | 0.6248 | |||
C | 0.1803 | 0.3308 | ||
D | 0.1670 | 0.3155 | 0.6230 | |
E | 0.0962 | 0.1594 | 0.4054 | 0.4244 |
表3 织金洞不同洞穴动物群落的相似性指数
Table 3 Similarity index of five animal communities in Zhijin Cave
群落 Community | A | B | C | D |
---|---|---|---|---|
B | 0.6248 | |||
C | 0.1803 | 0.3308 | ||
D | 0.1670 | 0.3155 | 0.6230 | |
E | 0.0962 | 0.1594 | 0.4054 | 0.4244 |
光带 Light zone | 温度 Temperature (℃) | 湿度 Humidity (%) | 钙 Ca (%) | 有机质 Organic matter (%) | 氧气 O2 (%) | 氮气 N2 (%) | 二氧化碳 CO2 (%) | 土壤重金属含量(mg/kg) Heavy metal concentration in soil | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
铜 Cu | 锌 Zn | 镍 Ni | 铬 Cr | 汞 Hg | 砷 As | ||||||||
入洞口有光带 Light zone of entrance | 15 | 90 | 12.52 | 3.41 | 20.69 | 77.92 | 0.46 | 59.7 | 106 | 73.8 | 46.8 | 0.64 | 9.92 |
出洞口有光带 Light zone of exit | 16 | 85 | 15.35 | 4.33 | 20.87 | 78.01 | 0.19 | 56.7 | 182 | 76.6 | 39.7 | 0.28 | 10.30 |
入洞口弱光带 Weak-light zone of entrance | 12 | 92 | 20.73 | 4.31 | 20.70 | 77.96 | 0.41 | 76.2 | 174 | 76.5 | 30.5 | 0.49 | 5.81 |
出洞口弱光带 Weak-light zone of exit | 16 | 85 | 14.70 | 2.24 | 20.85 | 77.99 | 0.22 | 75.2 | 398 | 83.7 | 29.8 | 0.37 | 9.10 |
黑暗带 Dark zone | 12 | 90 | 12.38 | 2.19 | 20.69 | 77.84 | 0.54 | 53.4 | 231 | 83.4 | 43.9 | 0.20 | 8.73 |
表4 织金洞不同光带各环境因子的平均值
Table 4 Average value of environmental factors in each zone of Zhijin Cave
光带 Light zone | 温度 Temperature (℃) | 湿度 Humidity (%) | 钙 Ca (%) | 有机质 Organic matter (%) | 氧气 O2 (%) | 氮气 N2 (%) | 二氧化碳 CO2 (%) | 土壤重金属含量(mg/kg) Heavy metal concentration in soil | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
铜 Cu | 锌 Zn | 镍 Ni | 铬 Cr | 汞 Hg | 砷 As | ||||||||
入洞口有光带 Light zone of entrance | 15 | 90 | 12.52 | 3.41 | 20.69 | 77.92 | 0.46 | 59.7 | 106 | 73.8 | 46.8 | 0.64 | 9.92 |
出洞口有光带 Light zone of exit | 16 | 85 | 15.35 | 4.33 | 20.87 | 78.01 | 0.19 | 56.7 | 182 | 76.6 | 39.7 | 0.28 | 10.30 |
入洞口弱光带 Weak-light zone of entrance | 12 | 92 | 20.73 | 4.31 | 20.70 | 77.96 | 0.41 | 76.2 | 174 | 76.5 | 30.5 | 0.49 | 5.81 |
出洞口弱光带 Weak-light zone of exit | 16 | 85 | 14.70 | 2.24 | 20.85 | 77.99 | 0.22 | 75.2 | 398 | 83.7 | 29.8 | 0.37 | 9.10 |
黑暗带 Dark zone | 12 | 90 | 12.38 | 2.19 | 20.69 | 77.84 | 0.54 | 53.4 | 231 | 83.4 | 43.9 | 0.20 | 8.73 |
环境因子 Environmental factors | 主成分 Principal component | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
温度 Temperature | 0.704 | 0.142 | 0.498 | 0.396 |
湿度 Humidity | 0.807 | -0.206 | -0.353 | -0.084 |
钙 Ca | 0.531 | 0.743 | 0.156 | 0.190 |
有机质 Organic matter | 0.502 | 0.083 | 0.753 | -0.156 |
氧气 O2 | -0.343 | 0.209 | 0.234 | -0.262 |
氮气 N2 | -0.237 | 0.303 | 0.085 | 0.228 |
二氧化碳 CO2 | -0.635 | -0.544 | -0.523 | 0.202 |
铜 Cu | 0.295 | -0.857 | 0.014 | -0.178 |
锌 Zn | -0.497 | 0.468 | -0.467 | -0.312 |
镍 Ni | -0.504 | 0.286 | -0.696 | 0.379 |
铬 Cr | -0.074 | -0.965 | 0.071 | 0.208 |
汞 Hg | 0.478 | -0.011 | 0.463 | 0.226 |
砷 As | -0.515 | -0.545 | 0.369 | -0.364 |
特征值 Eigenvalue | 3.448 | 3.315 | 2.356 | 1.684 |
贡献率 Contribution (%) | 26.5 | 25.5 | 18.1 | 13.0 |
累计贡献率 Accumulate contribution (%) | 26.5 | 52.0 | 70.1 | 83.1 |
表5 织金洞环境因子主成分的因子负荷量、特征值与贡献率
Table 5 Loading scores, eigenvalue and contribution of principal component of environmental factors in Zhijin Cave
环境因子 Environmental factors | 主成分 Principal component | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
温度 Temperature | 0.704 | 0.142 | 0.498 | 0.396 |
湿度 Humidity | 0.807 | -0.206 | -0.353 | -0.084 |
钙 Ca | 0.531 | 0.743 | 0.156 | 0.190 |
有机质 Organic matter | 0.502 | 0.083 | 0.753 | -0.156 |
氧气 O2 | -0.343 | 0.209 | 0.234 | -0.262 |
氮气 N2 | -0.237 | 0.303 | 0.085 | 0.228 |
二氧化碳 CO2 | -0.635 | -0.544 | -0.523 | 0.202 |
铜 Cu | 0.295 | -0.857 | 0.014 | -0.178 |
锌 Zn | -0.497 | 0.468 | -0.467 | -0.312 |
镍 Ni | -0.504 | 0.286 | -0.696 | 0.379 |
铬 Cr | -0.074 | -0.965 | 0.071 | 0.208 |
汞 Hg | 0.478 | -0.011 | 0.463 | 0.226 |
砷 As | -0.515 | -0.545 | 0.369 | -0.364 |
特征值 Eigenvalue | 3.448 | 3.315 | 2.356 | 1.684 |
贡献率 Contribution (%) | 26.5 | 25.5 | 18.1 | 13.0 |
累计贡献率 Accumulate contribution (%) | 26.5 | 52.0 | 70.1 | 83.1 |
单项潜在生态风险指数(Eri) Single potential ecological risk index (Eri) | 综合潜在生态 风险指数 Synthetical potential ecological risk index (RI) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
铜 Cu | 锌 Zn | 镍 Ni | 铬 Cr | 汞 Hg | 砷 As | ||
入洞口有光带 Light zone of entrance | 11.615 | 1.286 | 10.95 | 1.081 | 256.000 | 7.459 | 288.391 |
出洞口有光带 Light zone of exit | 11.031 | 2.209 | 11.365 | 0.917 | 112.000 | 7.744 | 145.266 |
入洞口弱光带 Weak-light zone of entrance | 14.825 | 2.112 | 11.350 | 0.704 | 196.000 | 4.368 | 229.359 |
出洞口弱光带 Weak-light zone of exit | 14.630 | 4.830 | 12.418 | 0.688 | 148.000 | 6.842 | 187.408 |
黑暗带 Dark zone | 10.389 | 2.803 | 12.374 | 1.014 | 80.000 | 6.564 | 113.144 |
平均值 Average | 12.498 | 2.648 | 11.691 | 0.881 | 158.400 | 6.595 | 192.714 |
表6 织金洞不同光带土壤重金属潜在生态危害评价结果
Table 6 Potential ecological risk evaluation of heavy metals in soil in each zone of Zhijin Cave
单项潜在生态风险指数(Eri) Single potential ecological risk index (Eri) | 综合潜在生态 风险指数 Synthetical potential ecological risk index (RI) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
铜 Cu | 锌 Zn | 镍 Ni | 铬 Cr | 汞 Hg | 砷 As | ||
入洞口有光带 Light zone of entrance | 11.615 | 1.286 | 10.95 | 1.081 | 256.000 | 7.459 | 288.391 |
出洞口有光带 Light zone of exit | 11.031 | 2.209 | 11.365 | 0.917 | 112.000 | 7.744 | 145.266 |
入洞口弱光带 Weak-light zone of entrance | 14.825 | 2.112 | 11.350 | 0.704 | 196.000 | 4.368 | 229.359 |
出洞口弱光带 Weak-light zone of exit | 14.630 | 4.830 | 12.418 | 0.688 | 148.000 | 6.842 | 187.408 |
黑暗带 Dark zone | 10.389 | 2.803 | 12.374 | 1.014 | 80.000 | 6.564 | 113.144 |
平均值 Average | 12.498 | 2.648 | 11.691 | 0.881 | 158.400 | 6.595 | 192.714 |
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