上海城市公园苔藓植物多样性分布格局及其环境影响因子

doi:10.17520/biods.2023364

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市公园的生物多样性十分丰富, 在生物多样性保护方面具有重要价值。苔藓植物是公园生物多样性的重要组成成分, 但因其体型小、难以鉴定等, 容易被人们所忽略, 因此对其多样性的研究和保护也相对薄弱。本文基于文献资料和生态调查数据, 整合上海市中心城区和郊区共35个样点的苔藓植物名录, 应用聚类分析对公园进行分组, 比较了市区和郊区两个区域的苔藓植物相似性; 采用典范对应分析(CCA)及层次分割的方法, 定量研究环境因子与城市公园苔藓植物多样性分布格局的关系。结果表明, 35个公园共有苔藓植物34科74属164种, 包括苔类7科8属9种、藓类27科66属155种, 其中有12种中国特有种和4种近危种。根据聚类分析结果, 35个公园可划分为两组, 主要与人口密度、与市中心距离、与主干道距离及公园面积等因素有关。市区和郊区两个区域的科、属、种的Jaccard相似性系数分别为0.94、0.89和0.30, 表明两个区域的物种组成各有特点。层次分割结果显示, 环境因子对城市公园苔藓植物多样性分布格局的解释率从高到低分别为人口密度、公园年龄、与市中心距离、与主干道距离、森林覆盖率、湖泊覆盖率及公园面积。整体上, 上海城市公园苔藓植物物种多样性较高, 而且市区公园和郊区公园物种组成存在一定差异, 两个区域对于苔藓植物多样性保护都具有重要价值。本研究揭示了人口密度、与主干道距离和森林覆盖率等不同环境因子对城市公园苔藓植物多样性分布格局的影响, 有助于对城市苔藓植物多样性的全面认识, 促进城市生态系统及苔藓植物多样性的保护。

关键词: 苔藓植物, 生物多样性, 城市公园, 聚类分析, 典范对应分析

Abstract

Aims Urban parks are very rich in biodiversity and play an important role in conservation. Bryophytes are an important component of this biodiversity, but due to their small size and the challenges associated with their identification, they tend to be overlooked. Research on these nonvascular plants is therefore comparatively lacking. We aim to strengthen the comprehensive understanding of urban biodiversity by including robust information on bryophytes and promote urban conservation.

Methods Based on the literature data and ecological survey data, we integrated the list of bryophytes from 35 sample points in central urban areas and suburb areas of Shanghai. We applied cluster analysis to group the parks and compared the similarity of bryophytes in urban and suburban areas. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and hierarchical partitioning methods were used to quantitatively study the relationship between environmental factors and the distribution of bryophyte species diversity.

Results The results showed that 164 species of bryophytes belonging to 74 genera in 34 families lived in 35 parks. This grouping included 9 species belonging to 8 genera in 7 families of liverworts and 155 species belonging to 66 genera in 27 families of mosses. Twelve of these species are endemic to China and four species are considered Near Threatened. According to the results of cluster analysis, these 35 parks can be divided into two groups, distinguished by population density, distance to the city center, distance to the primary highway, and park area. The Jaccard similarity coefficients of families, genera and species in urban and suburban areas were 0.94, 0.89, and 0.30, respectively, indicating that the species composition of the two areas had their own characteristics. The hierarchical partitioning method showed that the environmental factors that explained the distribution pattern of bryophyte diversity in urban parks were, from high to low, DOP (population density), AGI (age of the park), DIS2 (distance to the city center), DIS1 (distance to the primary highway), LPT (proportion of lake area to park area), FPT (proportion of forest area to park area), and AREA (park area).

Conclusion On the whole, the species diversity of bryophytes in Shanghai’s urban parks is rich and there are some differences in the species composition between urban parks and suburban parks. Both regions play an important role in the conservation of bryophyte diversity. We revealed the effects of different environmental factors such as DOP, DIS1 and FPT on the distribution pattern of bryophyte diversity in urban parks, in order to strengthen the comprehensive understanding of urban bryophyte diversity and promote the protection of urban ecosystems and bryophyte diversity.

Key words: bryophytes, biodiversity, urban park, cluster analysis, canonical correspondence analysis

吴相獐, 雷富民, 单壹壹, 于晶 (2024) 上海城市公园苔藓植物多样性分布格局及其环境影响因子. 生物多样性, 32, 23364. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023364.

Xiangzhang Wu, Fumin Lei, Yiyi Shan, Jing Yu (2024) Distribution pattern of bryophyte diversity and environmental impact factors in urban parks of Shanghai. Biodiversity Science, 32, 23364. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023364.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023364

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I2/23364

图/表 7

图1 上海城市公园苔藓植物生态调查的35个研究样点

Fig. 1 Thirty-five sample points for ecological survey of bryophytes in Shanghai urban parks

表1 上海城市公园苔藓植物优势科和优势属

Table 1 The dominant families and genera of bryophytes in Shanghai urban parks

优势科 Dominant families	种数 No. of species	物种比例 Proportion of species (%)	优势属 Dominant genera	种数 No. of species	物种比例 Proportion of species (%)
丛藓科 Pottiaceae	32	19.5	青藓属 Brachythecium	13	7.9
青藓科 Brachytheciaceae	27	16.5	真藓属 Bryum	10	6.1
真藓科 Bryaceae	15	9.1	绢藓属 Entodon	9	5.5
薄罗藓科 Leskeaceae	14	8.5	丝瓜藓属 Pohlia	7	4.3
提灯藓科 Mniaceae	10	6.1	墙藓属 Tortula	6	3.7
总计 Total	98	59.8	总计 Total	45	27.4

图2 上海市35个城市公园的聚类分析(基于物种有无矩阵)。红色圆点为组1，绿色圆点为组2。X1‒X35: 样点编号(详见附录1)。

Fig. 2 Cluster analysis of 35 urban parks in Shanghai based on the species matrix. The red dots are group 1, and the green dots are group 2; X1‒X35, Sample point code (See Appendix 1 for details).

图3 样点和环境因子的典范对应分析(CCA)二维排序图。AGI: 公园年龄; AREA: 公园面积; DIS1: 与主干道距离; DIS2: 与市中心距离; DOP: 人口密度; FPT: 森林覆盖率; LPT: 湖泊覆盖率。X1‒X35: 样点编号(详见附录1)。

Fig. 3 CCA two-dimensional ordination diagram of sample points and environmental factors. AGI, Age of the park; AREA, Park area; DIS1, Distance to the primary highway; DIS2, Distance to the city center; DOP, Population density; FPT, Proportion of forest area to park area; LPT, Proportion of lake area to park area. X1‒X35, Sample points code (See Appendix 1 for details).

图4 物种和环境因子的典范对应分析(CCA)二维排序图。AGI: 公园年龄; AREA: 公园面积; DIS1: 与主干道距离; DIS2: 与市中心距离; DOP: 人口密度; FPT: 森林覆盖率; LPT: 湖泊覆盖率。S1‒S164: 物种编号(详见附录2)。

Fig. 4 CCA two-dimensional ordination diagram of species and environmental factors. AGI, Age of the park; AREA, Park area; DIS1, Distance to the primary highway; DIS2, Distance to the city center; DOP, Population density; FPT, Proportion of forest area to park area; LPT, Proportion of lake area to park area. S1‒S164, Species code (See Appendix 2 for details).

表2 环境因子与典范对应分析(CCA)前两个排序轴的相关系数

Table 2 Correlation coefficients between environmental factors of the first two axes of CCA

环境因子 Environmental factors	第一轴 Axis1	第二轴 Axis2
与主要干道距离 Distance to the primary highway (DIS1)	0.59	1.58
公园年龄 Age of the park (AGI)	-1.18	-1.12
公园面积 Park area (AREA)	0.46	-0.15
与市中心距离 Distance to the city center (DIS2)	-1.74	0.03
人口密度 Population density (DOP)	1.76	-0.54
森林占比 Proportion of forest area to park area (FPT)	-0.89	0.35
湖泊占比 Proportion of lake area to park area (LPT)	0.10	0.56

图5 7个环境因子的层次分割结果。AGI: 公园年龄; AREA: 公园面积; DIS1: 与主干道距离; DIS2: 与市中心距离; DOP: 人口密度; FPT: 森林覆盖率; LPT: 湖泊覆盖率。

Fig. 5 Hierarchical partitioning results of seven environmental factors. AGI, Age of the park; AREA, Park area; DIS1, Distance to the primary highway; DIS2, Distance to the city center; DOP, Population density; FPT, Proportion of forest area to park area; LPT, Proportion of lake area to park area.

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