生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 24441.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.swdyx2024-441

• 保护与治理对策 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国大陆植物园体系如何更好地践行植物多样性保护?

金冬梅, 何拓, 董晖, 马其侠, 胡永红   

  1. 上海辰山植物园, 上海 201602 中国
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-11 修回日期:2024-11-27 接受日期:2024-12-05 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-04-28
  • 通讯作者: 胡永红

Conserving Plant Diversity: The Role of Botanical Garden Network in the Mainland of China

Tuo He, Hui Dong, Yonghong Hu   

  1. , 201602, China
  • Received:2024-10-11 Revised:2024-11-27 Accepted:2024-12-05 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-04-28
  • Contact: Hu, Yonghong

摘要: 人类活动、气候变化等因素引起的全球植物多样性丧失已严重威胁人类的生存与发展。在全球范围内,植物园已经成为植物多样性研究与保护的重要力量。当前我国正在建设国家植物园体系,旨在加强对野生植物系统收集、完整保护、高水平研究和可持续利用。本研究全面收集并分析了我国大陆30个省级行政区170座植物园的发展历史、隶属关系、人员构成及成果产出等信息,以期在全面了解的前提下为我国植物园体系的发展提供建议。调研结果显示:我国大陆植物园90%属于公益性事业单位;隶属于中国科学院的植物园科研实力突出,而政府部门的植物园在迁地保护、科普、游憩等方面贡献较大但科研实力较弱;植物园之间缺乏实质性合作,影响整体成效。我们提出立足国家植物园体系,覆盖本土、辐射全球;建设植物多样性保护信息网络,通过信息化与标准化加强统筹合作;引入植物园认证、创新运营模式,提升可持续性等建议,希望更好地保护植物多样性,实现可持续发展。

关键词: 国家植物园, 迁地保护, 信息化, 标准化, 保护网络, 可持续发展

AbstractAims: Global plant diversity has experienced a sharp decline, primarily due to human activities and climate change, posing a significant threat to human existence and development. In this context, botanical gardens have played an important role in the research and protection of plant diversity. In the mainland of China, the development of a national botanical garden system is underway, with the purpose of strengthening the comprehensive collection, complete protection, and in-depth research of wild plants, and promoting sustainable use. Our aim here is to offer suggestions for the advancement of the botanical garden system in the mainland of China, based on an understanding of the general state of botanical gardens, with the goal of more effectively conserving plant diversity. Method: We collected and analyzed comprehensive data from 170 botanical gardens in the mainland of China, including the year of establishment, affiliations, staff structure, and their performance in conservation, research, education, horticulture, and amenities. Gardens were categorized into levels A to D based on their performance and were compared among levels and affiliations. Results: We found that 90% of botanical gardens in the mainland of China are government-sponsored public welfare institutions. Botanical gardens affiliated with the Chinese Academy of Sciences have outstanding capacity in scientific research, while those managed by government departments have made significant contributions to conservation, horticulture, education, and recreation, but lag in research ability. Furthermore, the absence of robust collaborative efforts among gardens was identified, which undermines the collective impact. Conclusion: We advocate for the construction of a system comprising "national botanical gardens - regional botanical gardens - local botanical gardens," to carry out cooperative plant diversity research and conservation efforts that encompass China's native flora and extend globally. We also recommend the creation of an integrated information facility for plant conservation that leverages digitalization and standardization to enhance coordination and collaborative efforts. Additionally, we endorse accreditation of botanic gardens and innovation of management paradigms to bolster sustainability. These recommendations may help protect plant diversity and promote sustainable development.

Key words: national botanical gardens, ex situ conservation, digitalization, standardization, conservation network, sustainable development