生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 24456.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024456

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇    下一篇

北京首都国际机场野牛草与杂草草坪无脊椎动物多样性

刘志禹1, 吉鑫2, 隋国辉2, 杨定1, 李轩昆1*   

  1. 1. 中国农业大学植物保护学院, 北京 100193; 2. 北京首都国际机场股份有限公司, 北京 101300
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-22 修回日期:2025-01-31 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-04-11
  • 通讯作者: 李轩昆

Invertebrate diversity in buffalo grass and weedy lawns at Beijing Capital International Airport

Zhiyu Liu1, Xin Ji2, Guohui Sui2, Ding Yang1, Xuankun Li1*   

  1. 1 College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China 

    2 Beijing Capital International Airport Co., Ltd., Beijing 101300, China

  • Received:2024-10-22 Revised:2025-01-31 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-04-11
  • Contact: Xuankun Li

摘要: 草坪在机场中发挥着重要作用, 不仅提供视觉导航, 还能降低噪音、减少水土流失。但草坪也为鸟类提供了隐蔽、栖息和觅食场所, 从而增加了鸟击风险。为有效管理这一风险, 选择合适的草坪植物至关重要。野牛草(Buchloe dactyloides)是一种耐干旱且维护要求低的多年生暖季型草坪草。北京首都国际机场通过引种野牛草以减少昆虫等无脊椎动物数量, 降低鸟类栖息的机会。然而, 目前尚缺乏关于野牛草草坪对无脊椎动物多样性、个体数量及优势类群影响的直接研究。限制了对野牛草生态效应的全面了解, 进而影响其在机场草坪管理中的科学应用和推广。本研究于2023年4–10月在首都国际机场采用扫网法与陷阱捕捉法对野牛草和杂草草坪的无脊椎动物多样性开展周期性调查。累计采集到无脊椎动物4,395头, 隶属于2门6纲15目75科102属146种, 其中双翅目和半翅目分别为物种多样性和个体数量最高的类群。野牛草草坪中无脊椎动物的科级和种级阶元多样性和个体数量均高于杂草草坪。两种草坪共有的优势物种包括: 大眼长蝽(Geocoris pallidipennis)、异沙叶蝉(Psammotettix alienus)、小长蝽属一种(Nysius sp. 1)和条赤须盲蝽(Trigonotylus caelestialium)。野牛草草坪无脊椎动物的科级和种级阶元多样性最高峰出现在8月, 个体数量在5月和8月出现两个高峰; 杂草草坪无脊椎动物的科级和种级阶元多样性在6月和8月出现两个高峰, 个体数量在6月达到最高峰。本研究结果将为机场草坪虫情监测、无脊椎动物种群控制、建坪草种选择等鸟击防控相关工作提供参考。

关键词: 北京首都国际机场, 野牛草, 鸟击预防, 生物多样性, 群落组成

Abstract

Aims: Lawns in airport environments play an important role in visual navigation, noise reduction, and soil erosion prevention. However, they can also provide shelter and foraging opportunities for birds, thereby increasing the risk of bird strikes. Selecting appropriate turf species is essential for effective bird strike prevention. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Buchloe dactyloides (buffalo grass) lawns on invertebrate diversity and abundance, exploring its potential to reduce bird foraging opportunities and lower bird strike risks. 

Methods: From April to October 2023, we surveyed invertebrate diversity on six lawns at Beijing Capital International Airport (three weedy lawns and three buffalo grass lawns) using sweep metting and trapping methods. Specimens were identified to species level using taxonomic monographs. T-tests were performed to assess the significance of differences in individual counts, family-level diversity, and species-level diversity between the two lawn types. The α diversity was evaluated using the Simpson dominance index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index, and Margalef richness index. The Bray-Curtis distance was applied to assess invertebrate community similarity across different months and lawns types. 

Results: A total of 4,395 invertebrates were collected, belonging to two phyla, six classes, 15 orders, 75 families, 102 genera, and 146 species. Among them, Diptera (flies) and Hemiptera (true bugs) exhibited the highest species richness and individual abundance, respectively. The shared dominant species between both lawn types included Geocoris pallidipennis, Psammotettix alienus, Nysius sp.1, and Trigonotylus caelestialium. In buffalo grass lawns, species diversity peaked in August, with two peaks in individual numbers observed in May and August. In weedy lawns, species diversity peaked in June and August, while individual abundance was highest in June. Although weedy lawns exhibited generally higher species diversity, individual abundance, and Margalef richness index compared to buffalo grass lawns, the differences were not statistically significant. This may be due to the sampling sites and the clustered distribution of collected samples. The Bray-Curtis similarity analysis showed that species composition similarity across all month-lawn combinations ranged from moderate to extreme dissimilarity. UPGMA clustering, based on Bray-Curtis distances, grouped samples from April to July into one cluster and samples from August to October into another. However, there was no clear grouping based on lawn type, indicating that temporal variation had a greater influence on community composition that lawn type. 

Conclusion: This study suggests that buffalo grass lawns in airport environments may help reduce invertebrate abundance, thereby potentially decreasing bird foraging opportunities. However, due to limited sampling sites and range, the results were not statistically significant. Future studies should expand the sampling area and increase replicates to obtain more reliable results. Long-term monitoring and multi-year studies at airports in different regions would further clarify the effect of buffalo grass on invertebrate control, providing scientific evidence for bird strike prevention strategies.

Key words: Beijing Capital International Airport, buffalo grass, bird strike prevention, biodiversity, community composition