关键词: 国家公园, 国家植物园, 就地保护, 迁地保护, 机制协同, 自然保护治理

AbstractIntegrating in situ and ex situ conservation is an important approach to improving plant diversity conservation outcomes and strengthening biodiversity conservation networks. National parks focus on conserving representative ecosystems, critical habitats, and ecological integrity. National botanical gardens emphasize plant ex situ conservation, scientific research, sustainable resource use, science communication and education, and landscape and horticultural displays. The two systems are highly complementary in spatial distribution, institutional functions, technical capacity, and the stages of conservation they support. Based on a literature review, questionnaire surveys, field investigations, and expert interviews, the foundations, practical models, major constraints, and pathways for improving collaboration between national parks and national botanical gardens in China were systematically examined. Initial collaborative efforts were identified in species monitoring, germplasm conservation and ecological restoration, research platforms and personnel training, and nature education and public engagement. However, collaboration remains constrained by inadequate national coordination, insufficient long-term projects and stable funding, limited personnel exchanges, barriers to data sharing, and insufficient evaluation of collaborative outcomes. A nationally coordinated approach is therefore proposed, linking in situ conservation in national parks with ex situ conservation and scientific support from national botanical gardens. One-to-one or one-to-many partnerships should be established around priority plant species and critical habitats. An integrated conservation system should connect surveys and assessments, in situ conservation, germplasm collection, ex situ conservation, propagation, reintroduction, long-term monitoring, outcome evaluation, and data feedback. Supported by joint monitoring, data governance, personnel exchanges, diversified funding, and public participation, these partnerships could advance collaboration from isolated initiatives to coordination across the two systems. This would help establish a dual-track conservation system tailored to China’s context, supporting national biodiversity conservation and the Beautiful China initiative.

Key words: national park, national botanical garden, plant diversity, in situ conservation, ex situconservation, institutional coordination, nature conservation governance