国家公园法实施背景下中国国家公园可持续发展研究的热点与政策耦合

doi:10.17520/biods.2026069

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

国家公园作为我国自然保护地体系的重要组成部分, 在生物多样性保护、生态安全维护及区域可持续发展中发挥着关键作用。随着国家公园体制的全面推进与《中华人民共和国国家公园法》(以下简称国家公园法)的颁布实施, 国家公园可持续发展研究已经成为学界关注和讨论的焦点议题之一。本文以国家公园法为依据, 结合中国知网(CNKI) 2016-2025年收录的国家公园可持续发展相关文献, 运用法律文本分析法与文献计量方法, 系统梳理政策关注议题、研究热点及演变趋势。通过政策词条与学术研究关键词的对照分析, 揭示当前研究热点与制度目标之间的契合性与分歧。结果表明: (1)国家公园法中涉及可持续发展的政策词条在生态、社会与治理三大维度上的分布相对均衡, 但在生态环境可持续性方面呈现出明显的高频集中特征; (2)我国国家公园可持续发展研究总体呈快速增长趋势, 研究主题由制度探索逐步转向社区发展与治理机制等综合议题; (3)学术研究与国家公园法在生物多样性、生态旅游等方面契合度较高, 但在生态系统完整性、科学保护、统筹管理等制度性议题上仍存在明显研究薄弱环节。在此基础上, 未来研究应进一步聚焦社会-生态系统的综合分析, 强化法治框架下治理机制的系统评估, 深入探讨生态保护与合理利用的协同实现路径, 并推进多尺度动态监测方法的集成应用。本研究可为我国国家公园可持续发展建设提供参考, 进而为提升我国国家公园建设与发展质量提供科学依据。

关键词: 保护地, 可持续性, 国家公园法, 生态旅游, 文献计量分析, 可视化

Abstract

Background & Aims: As a core component of China’s protected area system, national parks play a critical role in biodiversity conservation, ecological security, and regional sustainable development. With the ongoing advancement of the national park system reform and implementation of the National Park Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereafter referred to as the National Park Law), sustainable development research on national parks has become an important topic in recent studies. Through a comparative analysis between policy-derived keywords and research keywords, this study aims to reveal the degree of alignment and divergence between research hotspots and policy priorities.
Methods: Grounded in the National Park Law, this study integrates literature related to the sustainable development of national parks published in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database from 2016 to 2025. By combining legal text analysis with bibliometric methods, this study systematically examines policy-oriented sustainability themes, major research topics, and their evolutionary trajectories.
Results: Sustainability-related policy terms in the National Park Law are relatively evenly distributed across ecological, social, and governance dimensions, with a greater emphasis on the ecological dimension. Research on the sustainable development of China’s national parks has shown a rapid growth trend, with research themes shifting from institutional exploration toward integrated issues involving ecological conservation, community development, and governance mechanisms. A high degree of alignment exists between academic research and the National Park Law in areas such as ecological protection, biodiversity conservation, and ecotourism, whereas significant research gaps remain in institutional aspects, including ecosystem integrity, science-based conservation, and integrated management.
Conlusions: Future research should focus on integrated analyses of social-ecological systems, strengthen evaluations of governance mechanisms within a rule-of-law framework, explore synergistic pathways between ecological conservation and sustainable use, and promote the application of multi-scale dynamic monitoring approaches. The results provide a scientific basis for advancing the sustainable development of China’s national parks and improving their management effectiveness.

Key words: protected areas, sustainability, National Park Law, ecotourism, bibliometric analysis, visualization

白璐, 王伟 (2026) 国家公园法实施背景下中国国家公园可持续发展研究的热点与政策耦合. 生物多样性, 34, 26069. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2026069.

Lu Bai, Wei Wang (2026) Research hotspots and policy coupling of sustainable development research on national parks in China under the implementation of the National Park Law. Biodiversity Science, 34, 26069. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2026069.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2026069

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2026/V34/I7/26069

图/表 4

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[56]	Wang W, Wu C, Li JS (2024) Enlightenment of nature-based solutions to establishment, management, and related studies of national parks in China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 44, 7899-7908. (in Chinese with English abstract)
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匹配类型 Match type	政策词条 Policy terms	对应研究热点(频次) Research hotspots (frequency)
高度匹配 High correspondence	生态系统 Ecosystem	生态系统 Ecosystem (10)、生态系统服务 Ecosystem services (20)
	资源/自然资源 Resources/natural resources	自然资源 Natural resources (9)
	发展/绿色发展 Development/green development	发展 Development (7)、可持续发展 Sustainable development (67)、高质量发展 High-quality development (12)
	生态保护 Ecological conservation	生态保护 Ecological conservation (42)、环境保护 Environmental protection (8)
	安全 Security	生态安全 Ecological security (8)
	生态环境 Ecological environment	生态环境 Ecological environment (64)
	环境教育、科普宣传 Environmental education, public outreach	环境教育 Environmental education (10)、自然教育 Nature education (19)、研学旅游 Study tourism (5)
	生态产品 Ecological products	生态产品 Ecological products (8)
	生态旅游 Ecotourism	生态旅游 Ecotourism (70)
	生物多样性 Biodiversity	生物多样性 Biodiversity (17)
	生态文明 Ecological civilization	生态文明建设 Ecological civilization development (13)
	周边社区 Surrounding communities	入口社区 Gateway communities (15)
	公众参与 Public participation	公众参与 Public participation (10)、社区参与 Community participation (22)
部分匹配 Partial correspondence	修复/恢复/生态修复 Restoration/recovery/ecological restoration	生态修复 Ecological restoration (2)
	原有居民 Indigenous residents	原有居民 Indigenous residents (7)、社区居民 Community residents (10)、社区 Community (8)
	生产生活 Production and livelihoods	生计资本 Livelihood capital (15)、生计策略 Livelihood strategies (6)、可持续生计 Sustainable livelihoods (14)
	空间规划 Spatial planning	空间优化 Spatial optimization (5)
	协调 Coordination	耦合协调 Coupling coordination (4)
	志愿者 Volunteers	社区参与 Community participation (22)、公众参与 Public participation (10)
	分区 Zoning	功能分区 Functional zoning (2)
	绿水青山就是金山银山 Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets	生态系统服务价值 Ecosystem service value (9)
	科普宣传 Public outreach	自然教育 Nature education (19)、环境教育 Environmental education (10)
	人与自然和谐共生 Harmony between humanity and nature	人与自然和谐共生 Harmony between humanity and nature (5)
	山水林田湖草沙一体化保护 Integrated conservation of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, and deserts	风景园林 Landscape architecture (22)、景观格局 Landscape pattern (7)
	质量 Quality	生态质量 Ecological quality (2)
	生态管护 Ecological stewardship	管理体制 Management system (6)
	资金保障制度/生态补偿机制 Funding guarantee mechanisms/ecological compensation mechanisms	生态补偿 Ecological compensation (26)
	社会共享 Social sharing	利益相关者 Stakeholders (30)、全民公益性 Public welfare (6)
	社会监督 Social supervision	社区共管 Community co-management (6)
无匹配 No correspondence	巡护、统筹、生态系统完整性/原真性、合理利用、科学保护、整体保护、生态风险 Patrol, overall planning, ecosystem integrity/authenticity, sustainable use, scientific conservation, integrated conservation, ecological risk

匹配类型 Match type	政策词条 Policy terms	对应研究热点(频次) Research hotspots (frequency)
高度匹配 High correspondence	生态系统 Ecosystem	生态系统 Ecosystem (10)、生态系统服务 Ecosystem services (20)
	资源/自然资源 Resources/natural resources	自然资源 Natural resources (9)
	发展/绿色发展 Development/green development	发展 Development (7)、可持续发展 Sustainable development (67)、高质量发展 High-quality development (12)
	生态保护 Ecological conservation	生态保护 Ecological conservation (42)、环境保护 Environmental protection (8)
	安全 Security	生态安全 Ecological security (8)
	生态环境 Ecological environment	生态环境 Ecological environment (64)
	环境教育、科普宣传 Environmental education, public outreach	环境教育 Environmental education (10)、自然教育 Nature education (19)、研学旅游 Study tourism (5)
	生态产品 Ecological products	生态产品 Ecological products (8)
	生态旅游 Ecotourism	生态旅游 Ecotourism (70)
	生物多样性 Biodiversity	生物多样性 Biodiversity (17)
	生态文明 Ecological civilization	生态文明建设 Ecological civilization development (13)
	周边社区 Surrounding communities	入口社区 Gateway communities (15)
	公众参与 Public participation	公众参与 Public participation (10)、社区参与 Community participation (22)
部分匹配 Partial correspondence	修复/恢复/生态修复 Restoration/recovery/ecological restoration	生态修复 Ecological restoration (2)
	原有居民 Indigenous residents	原有居民 Indigenous residents (7)、社区居民 Community residents (10)、社区 Community (8)
	生产生活 Production and livelihoods	生计资本 Livelihood capital (15)、生计策略 Livelihood strategies (6)、可持续生计 Sustainable livelihoods (14)
	空间规划 Spatial planning	空间优化 Spatial optimization (5)
	协调 Coordination	耦合协调 Coupling coordination (4)
	志愿者 Volunteers	社区参与 Community participation (22)、公众参与 Public participation (10)
	分区 Zoning	功能分区 Functional zoning (2)
	绿水青山就是金山银山 Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets	生态系统服务价值 Ecosystem service value (9)
	科普宣传 Public outreach	自然教育 Nature education (19)、环境教育 Environmental education (10)
	人与自然和谐共生 Harmony between humanity and nature	人与自然和谐共生 Harmony between humanity and nature (5)
	山水林田湖草沙一体化保护 Integrated conservation of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, and deserts	风景园林 Landscape architecture (22)、景观格局 Landscape pattern (7)
	质量 Quality	生态质量 Ecological quality (2)
	生态管护 Ecological stewardship	管理体制 Management system (6)
	资金保障制度/生态补偿机制 Funding guarantee mechanisms/ecological compensation mechanisms	生态补偿 Ecological compensation (26)
	社会共享 Social sharing	利益相关者 Stakeholders (30)、全民公益性 Public welfare (6)
	社会监督 Social supervision	社区共管 Community co-management (6)
无匹配 No correspondence	巡护、统筹、生态系统完整性/原真性、合理利用、科学保护、整体保护、生态风险 Patrol, overall planning, ecosystem integrity/authenticity, sustainable use, scientific conservation, integrated conservation, ecological risk