生物多样性

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夜晚人工灯光对京津冀区域自然保护区的影响特征

潘奕好1,2, 马冰然1, 杜乐山1, 朱彦鹏1, 方向文2, 刘方正1*   

  1. 1. 环境基准标准与风险管控全国重点实验室, 生态环境部区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室, 中国环境科学研究院生态研究所, 北京 100012; 2. 兰州大学生态学院, 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2026-06-23 修回日期:2026-07-31 接受日期:2026-08-20
  • 通讯作者: 刘方正

Characteristics of impacts of artificial light at night on nature reserves in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

Yihao Pan1,2, Bingran Ma1, Leshan Du1, Yanpeng Zhu1, Xiangwen Fang2, Fangzheng Liu1*   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China 

    2. College of ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

  • Received:2026-06-23 Revised:2026-07-31 Accepted:2026-08-20
  • Contact: Liu, Fang Zheng

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摘要： 自然保护地内夜晚人工灯光(ALAN)正呈现增长趋势, 影响了生物多样性保护成效。然而, 现有研究未识别对ALAN敏感的保护对象类型, 未验证功能分区对ALAN干扰的防控作用, 且鲜有关注ALAN干扰斑块的景观格局特征等。本研究使用联合极地卫星系统记录的2015-2024年京津冀区域夜晚灯光遥感数据, 通过平均值叠加合成法建立时间序列数据集, 在特定空间单元上计算ALAN平均辐射强度指数, 进行Mann-Kendall趋势检验、建立干扰强度分级体系、完成干扰斑块景观格局分析等。结果发现: (1)京津冀区域自然保护区ALAN辐射强度为区域水平的1/4, 人类活动管控效果较好, 但保护区内94.54%范围灯光强度呈显著或极显著增强趋势, 人类活动已经显著地改变了自然保护区夜晚的黑暗程度。(2)处于低度、中度干扰的保护区数量逐年增加, 22个保护区干扰等级提升一级, 12个保护区干扰等级提升两级。(3)湿地类型保护区ALAN辐射强度水平显著高于其他类型, 核心区、缓冲区分别同实验区有显著差异。(4)低度、中度干扰斑块遍布保护区内部及边缘, 高度干扰斑块分布于保护区边缘。本研究扩展了夜光遥感在自然保护地生态环境评估中的应用, 提出需强化自然保护地周边人类活动监测管控, 同时, 呼吁推动夜光遥感技术在自然保护地建设规划、重要生态空间监管、保护成效评估中获得应用。

关键词: 自然保护地, 保护成效, 夜晚灯光, 人类活动

Abstract

Aims: Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) within protected areas keeps showing an increasing trend, undermining the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation. However, previous studies fail to identify conservation targets highly susceptible to ALAN, neglect to address the mitigating effect of functional zoning on ALAN disturbance, and rarely focus on the landscape pattern characteristics of patches disturbed by ALAN. 

Methods: We employed nighttime light remote sensing data of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2015 to 2024 recorded by the Joint Polar Satellite System. A time-series dataset was constructed via the mean value overlay composite method. On designated spatial units, the mean radiance index of ALAN was calculated. Multiple analyses were subsequently conducted, including the Mann-Kendall trend test, establishment of a disturbance intensity classification system, and landscape pattern analysis of disturbed patches. 

Results: (1) The ALAN radiance intensity within nature reserves across the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region accounted for approximately one quarter of the regional average, which indicated that human disturbance had been well restrained inside reserves. Nevertheless, 94.54% of the reserve areas showed a significant or extremely significant increasing trend in ALAN. Human activities significantly altered the nighttime darkness within nature reserves. (2) The number of reserves with II and III disturbance grades kept rising. Among all reserves, 22 experienced a one-grade upward shift, and 12 saw a two-grade increase. (3) Wetland reserves exhibited remarkably higher ALAN radiance intensity than others. Significant disparities existed between both core zones, buffer zones and experimental zones. (4) II and III disturbance grades patches were distributed both inside and along the edges of reserves, while IV grade patches concentrated on reserve peripheries. 

Conclusion: This research broadens the application of nighttime light remote sensing in ecological assessment of protected areas. It suggests strengthened monitoring and regulation of human activities surrounding reserves, and calls for wider application of nighttime light remote sensing in protected area planning, supervision of key ecological spaces, and conservation effectiveness evaluation.

Key words: protected area, conservation effectiveness, nighttime light, human activities

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