北京东灵山木本幼苗时间beta多样性的变化驱动因子

doi:10.17520/biods.2025309

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11): 25309. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025309 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025309

北京东灵山木本幼苗时间beta多样性的变化驱动因子

仝蟠龙¹^,², 张瀚文²^,³, 王艳梅¹^,^*(), 王顺忠²^,^*, 祝燕²^,^*()

¹ 河南农业大学林学院, 郑州 450046
² 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化重点实验室, 北京 100093
³ 中国科学院大学生命科学学院, 北京 101408

收稿日期:2025-08-04 接受日期:2025-10-22 出版日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2025-12-26
通讯作者: 王艳梅,王顺忠,祝燕
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32271614);国家自然科学基金(32371667);国家自然科学基金(31870408);中国科学院战略生物资源计划和中国科学院植被与环境变化重点实验室资助项目(Y7206F1016)

Drivers of temporal beta diversity in woody seedlings in Donglingshan, Beijing

Panlong Tong¹^,², Hanwen Zhang²^,³, Yanmei Wang¹^,^*(), Shunzhong Wang²^,^*, Yan Zhu²^,^*()

¹ College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
² Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
³ College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China

Received:2025-08-04 Accepted:2025-10-22 Online:2025-11-20 Published:2025-12-26
Contact: Yanmei Wang, Shunzhong Wang, Yan Zhu
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271614);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371667);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870408);Biological Resources Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Program of Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y7206F1016)

1. 附录1-4.pdf(3560KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

揭示暖温带森林幼苗群落物种组成的时间动态规律及驱动机制, 对理解森林更新过程和制定科学抚育措施具有重要意义。本研究基于北京东灵山20 ha森林动态监测样地内1 m × 1 m幼苗样方2021-2024年的连续监测数据, 采用时间beta多样性指数(temporal beta diversity index, TBI)及其损失(losses)/增益(gains)组分, 分析了幼苗群落组成的时间变化特征, 并评估了与幼苗生长指标、林分结构、土壤和地形因子的关系, 以确定其主要驱动因子。结果表明: 幼苗群落的TBI呈缓慢上升趋势, 其中2022-2023年物种损失大于增益, 2021-2022及2023-2024年则以物种增益为主。TBI与幼苗平均高度显著负相关, 与幼苗总盖度和树木多度正相关, 未发现其与土壤和地形因子有显著关联。幼苗群落的时间动态呈阶段性变化: 2022-2023年度主要由林分结构驱动, 导致以物种损失为主; 2023-2024年度则转入资源释放阶段, 促进了物种增益, 该动态主要受幼苗生长指标调控, 未来可通过长期监测更好地明确幼苗更新的动态过程。研究结果可为暖温带次生林抚育与可持续经营提供理论依据。

关键词: 时间beta多样性, 物种组成变化, 幼苗更新, 林分结构, 森林管理

Abstract

Aims: This study aims to reveal the temporal dynamics and driving mechanisms of species composition in temperate forest seedling communities, which is crucial for understanding forest regeneration and guiding sustainable forest management.

Methods: Based on continuous monitoring data from 1 m × 1 m seedling plots within a 20-ha forest dynamics plot at Donglingshan, Beijing, between 2021 and 2024, we employed the temporal beta diversity index (TBI) and its decomposition into loss and gain components to analyze temporal changes in seedling community composition. Relationships between TBI and seedling growth indicators, stand structure, soil, and topographic factors were assessed to identify the primary drivers of temporal dynamics.

Results: The results showed a gradual increasing trend in TBI over the study period. Species losses exceeded gains from 2022 and 2023, whereas gains predominated from 2021 to 2022 and from 2023 to 2024. TBI was significantly negatively correlated with mean seedling height and positively correlated with total seedling cover and tree abundance. No significant correlations were found with soil or topographic factors.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the temporal dynamics of the seedling community showed distinct stage-specific patterns: changes from 2022 to 2023 were mainly driven by stand structure-mediated environmental constraints, resulting in community simplification characterized predominantly by species loss; whereas the period from 2023 to 2024 transitioned into a resource-release phase, promoting species gains. These dynamics were primarily regulated by seedling growth traits. Future long-term monitoring will help to better elucidate the dynamics of seedling regeneration processes. The findings provide a theoretical foundation for the management and sustainable restoration of temperate secondary forests.

Key words: temporal beta diversity, species composition change, seedling regeneration, stand structure, forest management

仝蟠龙, 张瀚文, 王艳梅, 王顺忠, 祝燕 (2025) 北京东灵山木本幼苗时间beta多样性的变化驱动因子. 生物多样性, 33, 25309. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025309.

Panlong Tong, Hanwen Zhang, Yanmei Wang, Shunzhong Wang, Yan Zhu (2025) Drivers of temporal beta diversity in woody seedlings in Donglingshan, Beijing. Biodiversity Science, 33, 25309. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025309.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025309

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I11/25309

图/表 3

图1 东灵山20 ha暖温带落叶阔叶林动态监测样地幼苗群落物种时间beta多样性指数(TBI)和损失(Losses)/增益(Gains)在2021-2024年的变化。Losses和Gains分别代表物种的损失和收益。如果TBI值为1, 代表这个区域随着时间跨度的物种组成完全不同。如果Losses值为1, 代表这个区域随着时间跨度全部由物种损失所主导。反之, Gains值为1, 代表这个区域随着时间跨度全部由物种增益所主导。

Fig. 1 Changes in temporal beta diversity index (TBI) and its components, losses and gains, in the seedling community of 20-ha warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in Donglingshan from 2021 to 2024. Losses represents species loss, and Gains represents species gain. A TBI value of 1 indicates that the species composition of the area has completely changed over the time span. A Losses value of 1 indicates that the area is dominated entirely by species loss over the time span. A Gains value of 1 indicates that the area is dominated entirely by species gain over the time span.

图2 东灵山20 ha暖温带落叶阔叶林动态监测样地幼苗群落增益/损失图。Losses和Gains分别代表物种的损失和收益。正方形(增益)和圆形(损失)分别代表450个幼苗样方(点)。红线与绿线平行(即斜率为1)。符号大小与TBI统计成正比。如果绿线在红线之上, 表明物种损失占主导地位; 反之, 则物种增益占主导地位。

Fig. 2 Gains/losses of seedling communities in the 20-ha warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in Donglingshan. Squares (Gains) and circles (Losses) represent 450 seedling quadrats (points). The red and yellow lines are parallel (with a slope of 1). The size of the symbols is proportional to the TBI statistic. If the yellow line is above the red line, it indicates that species losses dominate; conversely, species gains dominate.

图3 东灵山20 ha暖温带落叶阔叶林动态监测样地幼苗群落2022-2024年生物(a、d)、地形(b、e)和土壤(c、f)因子对时间beta多样性指数(TBI)的影响。Height: 幼苗平均高度; Trunk.B: 幼苗平均主干叶片数量; Root.B: 幼苗平均根萌叶片数量; Total.C: 幼苗总盖度; ABUN.S: 幼苗多度; ABUN.T: 树木多度; Dbh.T: 树木胸径; Canopy.C: 冠层盖度; Elev: 海拔; Convex: 凹凸度; Slope: 坡度; TOC: 总有机碳; TIC: 总无机碳; 圆圈和短线分别代表标准化回归系数估计值和95%置信区间。实心圆代表效应显著(P < 0.05), 空心圆代表不显著(P ≥ 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Effects of biotic (a, d), topographic (b, e), and soil (c, f) factors on temporal beta diversity index (TBI) in the 20 ha warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest dynamic plot in Donglingshan seedling communities from 2022-2024. Height, Average height of seedlings; Trunk.B, Average number of main leaves on the seedlings; Root.B, Average number of root-derived leaves per seedling; Total.C, Total seedling coverage; ABUN.S, Seedling abundance; ABUN.T, Tree abundance; Dbh.T, Tree DBH; Canopy.C, Canopy cover; Elev, Elevation; Convex, Convexity; Slope, Slope; TOC, Total organic carbon; TIC, Total inorganic carbon. The circles and short lines represent the estimated values of standardized regression coefficients and the 95% confidence interval, respectively. A solid circle means the effect is significant (P < 0.05), while a hollow circle is not significant (P ≥ 0.05).

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北京东灵山木本幼苗时间beta多样性的变化驱动因子

Drivers of temporal beta diversity in woody seedlings in Donglingshan, Beijing

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