养分添加和降水变化对荒漠草原地上和地下生物量稳定性的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2024073

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (7): 24073. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024073

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

养分添加和降水变化对荒漠草原地上和地下生物量稳定性的影响

尹星元¹, 安慧¹^,^*(), 邢彬彬¹, 苏诗玉¹, 文志林², 郭建超², 刘小平², 王波³

1.宁夏大学生态环境学院, 西北土地退化与生态恢复省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地, 西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室, 银川 750021
2.盐池县草原实验站, 宁夏农牧交错带温性草原生态系统定位观测研究站, 宁夏盐池 751506
3.宁夏回族自治区草原工作站, 银川 750004

收稿日期:2024-03-01 接受日期:2024-06-05 出版日期:2024-07-20 发布日期:2024-07-12
通讯作者: *E-mail: anhui08@163.com
基金资助:
宁夏自然科学基金(2022AAC02010);宁夏自然科学基金(2023AAC03402);宁夏自治区留学回国人员创新创业项目(2022);宁夏自治区留学回国人员创新创业项目(2023)

Effects of nutrient addition and precipitation changes on the stability of aboveground and belowground biomass in desert grassland

Xingyuan Yin¹, Hui An¹^,^*(), Binbin Xing¹, Shiyu Su¹, Zhilin Wen², Jianchao Guo², Xiaoping Liu², Bo Wang³

1. Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China, Key Laboratory of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
2. Grassland Experiment Station of Yanchi, Temperate Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Experiment Station in Agro-Pastoral Ecotone of Ningxia, Yanchi, Ningxia 751506, China
3. Grassland Station of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750004, China

Received:2024-03-01 Accepted:2024-06-05 Online:2024-07-20 Published:2024-07-12
Contact: *E-mail: anhui08@163.com
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia(2022AAC02010);Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia(2023AAC03402);Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Returned Overseas of Ningxia(2022);Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Returned Overseas of Ningxia(2023)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确荒漠草原生态系统功能和稳定性对水分和养分资源可利用性改变的响应, 阐明荒漠草原生物量稳定性的影响机制及途径, 本研究在宁夏荒漠草原开展了为期5年的养分添加和降水变化野外控制试验(2018-2022年), 试验包括9个处理: 对照(Cont)、N添加(N)、NPK添加(NPK)、减少50%降水(Cont - 50%)、增加50%降水(Cont + 50%)、N添加 + 减少50%降水(N - 50%)、N添加 + 增加50%降水(N + 50%)、NPK添加 + 减少50%降水(NPK - 50%)和NPK添加 + 增加50%降水(NPK + 50%)。通过测定地上、地下生物量及物种多样性, 分析了物种异步性、物种多样性、生物量稳定性及生物量稳定性的影响因素。结果表明: (1)养分添加和降水变化显著影响荒漠草原植物群落生物量, NPK + 50%处理增加了地上生物量(156.28%)、地下生物量(51.95%)及总生物量(75.67%), 而Cont - 50%处理降低了地上生物量(45.59%)、地下生物量(25.09%)及总生物量(31.41%); (2)除NPK + 50%处理外, 其他处理的地上生物量、地下生物量和总生物量稳定性均显著低于对照处理。NPK + 50%处理降低了地上生物量稳定性(31.90%), 但增加了地下和总生物量稳定性(33.48%和12.38%); (3)养分添加和降水变化显著影响物种多样性(物种丰富度和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数)和物种异步性, 其交互作用对物种异步性有显著影响; (4)降水变化通过降低物种异步性进而降低地上生物量稳定性和总生物量稳定性。地上生物量稳定性对总生物量稳定性无显著的直接效应, 而地下生物量稳定性对总生物量稳定性具有显著正效应。综上所述, 养分添加和降水变化降低荒漠草原生物量稳定性, 物种异步性(互补效应)是荒漠草原生物量稳定性的主要影响机制。在荒漠草原地区地下生物量稳定性对总生物量稳定性的贡献大于地上生物量稳定性, 因此, 在探究植物群落稳定性对养分添加和降水变化的响应模式及其机制时, 不能仅局限于植物地上部分的研究, 也要充分考虑植物地下部分的变化和响应。

关键词: 荒漠草原, 养分添加, 降水变化, 地下生物量稳定性, 总生物量稳定性

Abstract

Aims: This study aims to clarify the response of desert grassland ecosystem function and stability to changes in water and nutrient resource availability, and to elucidate the mechanisms and pathways influencing biomass stability in desert grassland.

Methods: This study conducted a 5-year field control experiment on nutrient addition and precipitation changes in desert grasslands in Ningxia from 2018 to 2022. The experimental treatments included: control (Cont), N addition (N, 10 g·m^-2·yr^-1), NPK addition (NPK, 10 g·m^-2·yr^-1 N + 10 g·m^-2·yr^-1 P + 10 g·m^-2·yr^-1 K), 50% reduction in precipitation (Cont - 50%), 50% increase in precipitation (Cont + 50%), N addition + 50% reduction in precipitation (N - 50%), N addition + 50% increase in precipitation (N + 50%), NPK addition + 50% decrease in precipitation (NPK - 50%), and NPK addition + 50% increase in precipitation (NPK + 50%). The aboveground and belowground biomass, as well as species diversity, were determined. Additionally, species asynchrony, species diversity, biomass stability, and the factors affecting biomass stability were analyzed.

Results: The results demonstrated that (1) nutrient addition and precipitation changes significantly impacted the biomass of desert grassland plant communities. The NPK + 50% treatment led to a substantial increase in aboveground biomass (156.28%), belowground biomass (51.95%), and total biomass (75.67%). In contrast, the Cont - 50% treatment resulted in a significant decrease in aboveground biomass (45.59%), belowground biomass (25.09%), and total biomass (31.41%). (2) Except for the NPK + 50% treatment, the stability of plant community biomass in other treatments was notably lower than that in the control treatment. The aboveground biomass stability of the NPK + 50% treatment decreased by 31.90%, while the stability of belowground and total biomass increased by 33.48% and 12.38%, respectively. (3) Furthermore, nutrient addition and precipitation changes significantly influenced species diversity (including species richness and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index) and species asynchrony. Their interaction had a notable impact on species asynchrony. (4) The change in precipitation reduced the stability of aboveground and total biomass by reducing species asynchrony. The stability of aboveground biomass had no significant direct effect on the stability of total biomass. In contrast, the stability of belowground biomass had a considerable positive impact on the stability of total biomass.

Conclusion: In summary, nutrient addition and precipitation changes reduced the stability of biomass in desert grasslands, with species asynchrony (complementary effect) being the primary mechanism influencing biomass stability in desert grasslands. In desert grassland areas, the contribution of belowground biomass stability to total biomass stability was more significant than that of aboveground biomass stability. Therefore, when exploring the response patterns and mechanisms of plant community stability to nutrient addition and precipitation changes, it is essential to consider not only the aboveground parts of plants but also the changes and responses of the belowground parts.

Key words: desert grassland, nutrient addition, precipitation changes, stability of belowground biomass, stability of total biomass

尹星元, 安慧, 邢彬彬, 苏诗玉, 文志林, 郭建超, 刘小平, 王波 (2024) 养分添加和降水变化对荒漠草原地上和地下生物量稳定性的影响. 生物多样性, 32, 24073. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024073.

Xingyuan Yin, Hui An, Binbin Xing, Shiyu Su, Zhilin Wen, Jianchao Guo, Xiaoping Liu, Bo Wang (2024) Effects of nutrient addition and precipitation changes on the stability of aboveground and belowground biomass in desert grassland. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24073. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024073.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024073

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I7/24073

图/表 6

表1 养分添加、降水变化及其交互作用对物种异步性和物种多样性影响的方差分析结果

Table 1 Effects of nutrient addition, precipitation changes, and their interaction on species asynchrony and plant diversity

处理 Treatment	物种异步性 Species asynchrony	物种丰富度 Species richness	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数Shannon-Wiener diversity index
养分添加 Nutrient addition (NA)	60.347^***	8.430^***	3.714^*
降水变化 Precipitation changes (PC)	82.642^***	19.955^***	2.744^*
NA × PC	11.592^***	0.669	0.445

图1 养分添加和降水变化对荒漠草原植物群落物种丰富度(a)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(b)和物种异步性(c)的影响(平均值 + 标准偏差)。+50%、W和-50%分别表示增加50%降水、自然降水(不改变降水)和减少50%降水。Cont、N和NPK分别表示对照(不添加养分), N添加(添加10 g·m-2·yr-1 N)和NPK添加(同时添加10 g·m-2·yr-1 N + 10 g·m-2·yr-1 P + 10 g·m-2·yr-1 K)。不同小写字母表示同一养分不同降水处理间差异显著, 不同大写字母表示同一降水不同养分添加处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Effects of nutrient addition and precipitation changes on species richness (a), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (b) and species asynchrony (c) of desert grassland (mean + SD). +50%, W, and -50% represent an increase of 50% precipitation, natural precipitation (without changing precipitation), and a decrease of 50% precipitation, respectively. Cont, N, and NPK represent control (without nutrient addition), N addition (with 10 g·m-2·yr-1 N added), and NPK addition (with 10 g·m-2·yr-1 N + 10 g·m-2·yr-1 P + 10 g·m-2·yr-1 K added simultaneously), respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in precipitation under the same nutrient; different uppercase letters indicate significant differences in nutrient addition under the same precipitation (P < 0.05).

图2 养分添加和降水变化对荒漠草原植物群落地上生物量(a)、地下生物量(b)和总生物量(c)的影响(平均值 + 标准偏差)。+50%、W、-50%、Cont、N和NPK同图1。不同小写字母表示同一养分不同降水处理间差异显著, 不同大写字母表示同一降水不同养分添加处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Effects of nutrient addition and precipitation changes on aboveground biomass (a), belowground biomass (b) and total biomass (c) of desert grassland (mean + SD). +50%, W, -50%, Cont, N, and NPK are the same as in Fig. 1. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in precipitation under the same nutrient; different uppercase letters indicate significant differences in nutrient addition under the same precipitation (P < 0.05).

图3 养分添加和降水变化对荒漠草原植物群落地上生物量(a)、地下生物量(b)和总生物量(c)稳定性的影响(平均值 + 标准偏差)。+50%、W、-50%、Cont、N和NPK同图1。不同小写字母表示同一养分不同降水处理间差异显著, 不同大写字母表示同一降水不同养分添加处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Effects of nutrient addition and precipitation changes on the stability of aboveground biomass (a), belowground biomass (b) and total biomass (c) in desert grassland (mean + SD). +50%, W, -50%, Cont, N, and NPK are the same as in Fig. 1. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in precipitation under the same nutrient; different uppercase letters indicate significant differences in nutrient addition under the same precipitation (P < 0.05).

图4 养分添加和降水变化对荒漠草原优势种(a)和非优势种(b)生物量稳定性的影响(平均值 + 标准偏差)。+50%、W、-50%、Cont、N和NPK同图1。不同小写字母表示同一养分不同降水处理间差异显著, 不同大写字母表示同一降水不同养分添加处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Effects of nutrient addition and precipitation changes on biomass stability of dominant species (a) and non-dominant species (b) in desert grassland (mean + SD). +50%, W, -50%, Cont, N, and NPK are the same as in Fig. 1. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in precipitation under the same nutrient; different uppercase letters indicate significant differences in nutrient addition under the same precipitation (P < 0.05).

图5 养分添加和降水变化对荒漠草原生物量稳定性的影响途径。实线和虚线分别表示变量之间关系显著(P < 0.05)和不显著(P > 0.05), 黑色箭头代表正效应, 灰色箭头代表负效应。正负数表示标准化回归系数(β); * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001; R2表示某一变量被其他变量的方差解释量。

Fig. 5 Effects of nutrient addition and precipitation changes on biomass stability in desert grassland. The solid and dashed lines represent significant (P < 0.05) and insignificant (P > 0.05) relationships between variables, respectively. The black arrow represents a positive effect, and the gray arrow represents a negative effect. Positive and negative numbers represent standardized regression coefficient (β); * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001; R2 represents the explanatory power of a variable’s variance to other variables.

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养分添加和降水变化对荒漠草原地上和地下生物量稳定性的影响

Effects of nutrient addition and precipitation changes on the stability of aboveground and belowground biomass in desert grassland

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