“SITE-100”中国样地昆虫多样性监测研究进展

doi:10.17520/biods.2024323

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 24323. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024323 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024323

• 综述 • 下一篇

“SITE-100”中国样地昆虫多样性监测研究进展

孔祥飞¹^,²(), 丁强¹^,³(), 王国全⁴(), 黄国华⁵(), 田哲豪¹^,⁶, 王新谱⁶(), 佟一杰¹(), 宋志顺⁷(), 张晓宁⁸^,⁹, 李卫海²(), 韩辉林¹⁰(), 李文亮¹¹(), 聂瑞娥¹²(), 杨海东¹^,¹³, 杨星科¹^,¹³, 刘梅柯¹⁴(), 孙永明¹⁵(), 崔亚琴¹⁵(), 杨美霞¹⁶(), 刘宁¹, 路园园¹(), 李盼盼¹^,⁴(), 白明¹^,³^,^*()()

¹ 中国科学院动物研究所动物多样性保护与有害动物防控全国重点实验室, 北京 100101
² 河南科技学院河南省昆虫分类与系统演化国际联合实验室, 河南新乡 453003
³ 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
⁴ 广西大学农学院, 南宁 530004
⁵ 湖南农业大学植物病虫害生物学与防控湖南省重点实验室, 长沙 410125
⁶ 宁夏大学农学院, 银川 750021
⁷ 江苏第二师范学院昆虫资源与多样性研究所, 南京 210013
⁸ 青海师范大学生命科学学院, 西宁 810008
⁹ 青海师范大学高原科学与可持续发展研究院, 西宁 810008
¹⁰ 东北林业大学东北亚生物多样性研究中心, 哈尔滨 150040
¹¹ 河南科技大学园艺与植物保护学院, 河南洛阳 471023
¹² 安徽师范大学生命科学学院, 安徽芜湖 241000
¹³ 广东省科学院动物研究所, 广州 510145
¹⁴ 长江大学农学院, 湖北荆州 434000
¹⁵ 山西省林业和草原科学研究院, 太原 030012
¹⁶ 陕西省动物研究所, 西安 710032

收稿日期:2025-08-18 接受日期:2025-10-11 出版日期:2025-12-20 发布日期:2026-01-09
通讯作者: *E-mail: baim@ioz.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院动物研究所自主部署项目(2023IOZ0104);科技基础资源调查专项(2024FY100403)

Research progress of insect diversity in “SITE-100” sampling sites in China

Xiangfei Kong¹^,²(), Qiang Ding¹^,³(), Guoquan Wang⁴(), Guohua Huang⁵(), Zhehao Tian¹^,⁶, Xinpu Wang⁶(), Yijie Tong¹(), Zhishun Song⁷(), Xiaoning Zhang⁸^,⁹, Weihai Li²(), Huilin Han¹⁰(), Wenliang Li¹¹(), Rui’e Nie¹²(), Haidong Yang¹^,¹³, Xingke Yang¹^,¹³, Meike Liu¹⁴(), Yongming Sun¹⁵(), Yaqin Cui¹⁵(), Meixia Yang¹⁶(), Ning Liu¹, Yuanyuan Lu¹(), Panpan Li¹^,⁴(), Ming Bai¹^,³^,^*()()

¹ State Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
² Department of Henan International Joint Laboratory of Taxonomy and Systematic Evolution of Insecta, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
³ University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
⁴ College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
⁵ Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology and Control of Plant Pests and Diseases, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China
⁶ School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
⁷ Institute of Insect Resources and Diversity, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing 210013, China
⁸ School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
⁹ Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
¹⁰ Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
¹¹ College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
¹² College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
¹³ Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510145, China
¹⁴ College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, China
¹⁵ Shanxi Academy of Forestry and Grassland Sciences, Taiyuan 030012, China
¹⁶ Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi’an 710032, China

Received:2025-08-18 Accepted:2025-10-11 Online:2025-12-20 Published:2026-01-09
Supported by:
Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences(2023IOZ0104);National Science & Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China(2024FY100403)

1. 附录.pdf(683KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

昆虫是动物界中物种最为丰富的一类生物, 也是陆地与淡水生态系统中不可或缺的关键组成部分。人类活动的加剧导致全球生物多样性以前所未有的速度丧失, 第六次灭绝危机已经到来。这场危机在很大程度上是昆虫的危机, 昆虫数量的下降速度大约是脊椎动物的两倍。由此, 昆虫多样性监测的重要性日益凸显。为突破传统昆虫多样性监测高度依赖主动采集方式的技术路径, 进入21世纪以来, 加强被动式监测方法的应用已成为昆虫多样性监测领域的重要发展趋势。然而, 单一采样装置往往难以充分反映昆虫群落的真实结构, 采样不充分的问题依然普遍存在。如何在多区域尺度上整合多种被动式监测装置, 并在保证采样效率的同时实现标准化和可比性, 已成为全球昆虫多样性变化趋势评估中的核心科学问题之一。在此背景下, 中国科学院动物研究所白明研究员与英国帝国理工大学-英国自然历史博物馆Alfried Vogler教授联合诸多同行共同提出了“SITE-100”国际大科学计划。本项目计划在全球选定100个大样地, 基于生物多样性采样原则, 通过建设标准化样地, 利用多种被动式采集装备组合来定量收集从地表到半高空的昆虫样本, 从物种、形态、系统发育和遗传等多个多样性维度来探究全球昆虫多样性格局及其衰减机制。自2016年该项目提出以来, 团队已累计在中国建设了16个样地。同时, 联合国际同行在欧洲、非洲、亚洲、北美洲、南美洲、澳洲等地区建立了30余个样地。本文通过对“SITE-100”中国样地目前在昆虫多样性监测方面取得的研究成果、研发的新技术、新方法进行综述, 详细介绍了“SITE-100”样地的标准化工作流程, 以及各个新技术、新方法的特点与优势, 以期助力于中国森林生物多样性监测工作的更好开展, 推动在昆虫多样性时空分布格局评估、昆虫智能监测等方面技术标准体系的形成。

关键词: 生物多样性, 被动式采集, 新监测装备, 群落系统发育, 人工智能

Abstract

Background & Aim: Insects are the most diverse group in the animal kingdom and are indispensable components of both terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. The intensification of human activities has led to an unprecedented rate of global biodiversity loss, signaling the onset of the sixth mass extinction. This crisis is, to a large extent, an insect crisis, as insect populations are declining at a rate approximately twice that of vertebrates. Consequently, the importance of monitoring insect diversity has become increasingly evident. To overcome the limitations of traditional insect biodiversity monitoring, which relies heavily on active sampling methods, the application of passive monitoring approaches has emerged as a major trend in insect diversity research since the beginning of the 21st century. However, monitoring insect diversity using a single sampling device often results in insufficient sampling and fails to capture the true structure of insect communities. How to integrate multiple passive monitoring devices across broad spatial scales, while ensuring both sampling efficiency and standardized, comparable data, has become a central scientific challenge in assessing global insect biodiversity trends.

Strategies: Against this background, Professor Ming Bai from the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, together with Professor Alfried Vogler from Imperial College London and the Natural History Museum, UK, and numerous international collaborators, jointly proposed the “SITE-100” international large-scale research initiative. This program aims to establish 100 standardized sites worldwide, following principles of biodiversity sampling. By constructing standardized plots and employing combinations of multiple passive sampling devices, “SITE-100” quantitatively collects insect samples spanning vertical strata from the ground surface to the mid-canopy. Through this integrated sampling framework, the project investigates global insect diversity patterns and their underlying mechanisms of decline across multiple dimensions, including species, morphology, phylogeny, and genetic diversity.

Summary: Since its inception in 2016, the “SITE-100” initiative has established 16 sampling sites in China and, in collaboration with international partners, more than 30 additional sites across Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, South America, and Australia. This paper reviews the research outcomes achieved at the “SITE-100” Chinese sites in insect biodiversity monitoring, as well as the newly developed technologies and methodological innovations. It provides a detailed introduction to the standardized workflows implemented at “SITE-100” sites and highlights the characteristics and advantages of each new technique and method. By doing so, this review aims to support the advancement of forest biodiversity monitoring in China and to promote the development of standardized technical frameworks for assessing spatiotemporal patterns of insect diversity and for intelligent insect monitoring.

Key words: biodiversity, passive collection, new monitoring equipment, community phylogenetics, artificial intelligence

孔祥飞, 丁强, 王国全, 黄国华, 田哲豪, 王新谱, 佟一杰, 宋志顺, 张晓宁, 李卫海, 韩辉林, 李文亮, 聂瑞娥, 杨海东, 杨星科, 刘梅柯, 孙永明, 崔亚琴, 杨美霞, 刘宁, 路园园, 李盼盼, 白明 (2025) “SITE-100”中国样地昆虫多样性监测研究进展. 生物多样性, 33, 24323. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024323.

Xiangfei Kong, Qiang Ding, Guoquan Wang, Guohua Huang, Zhehao Tian, Xinpu Wang, Yijie Tong, Zhishun Song, Xiaoning Zhang, Weihai Li, Huilin Han, Wenliang Li, Rui’e Nie, Haidong Yang, Xingke Yang, Meike Liu, Yongming Sun, Yaqin Cui, Meixia Yang, Ning Liu, Yuanyuan Lu, Panpan Li, Ming Bai (2025) Research progress of insect diversity in “SITE-100” sampling sites in China. Biodiversity Science, 33, 24323. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024323.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024323

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I12/24323

图/表 4

图1 Web of Science中检索到的2000-2024年发表的关于昆虫多样性主题的文献数量

Fig. 1 The number of papers retrieved from the Web of Science on the topic of insect diversity published between 2000 and 2024

图2 “SITE-100”项目技术路线图与样点建设。(A) “SITE-100”研究技术路线图; (B) 1平方公里样方设置10个样点的理论位置; (C)飞行阻隔器; (D)马氏网; (E)埋罐。

Fig. 2 Technical roadmap and sample point construction of “SITE-100”. (A) The frame work of “SITE-100”; (B) The theoretical position of 10 sample points is set in one square kilometer quadrat; (C) Flight interception trap; (D) Malaise trap; (E) Pitfall trap.

图3 产品化的飞行阻隔器

Fig. 3 Commercialized version of the flight interception trap

图4 “SITE-100”中国团队设计的各种新型装置。(A)避水集虫器(图片来源: Lee et al, 2023); (B)新型近光式昆虫灯诱器; (C)新型浅土层陷阱; (D)地表昆虫采集装置(图片来源: 赵奎等, 2023); (E)一种漏斗型昆虫诱捕器(图片来源: 张爱军等, 2023)。

Fig. 4 Various new devices designed by “SITE-100” China team. (A) Water exclusion trap (Photo credits: Lee et al, 2023); (B) Portable funnel light trap; (C) Shallow soil trap; (D) Surface insect collection device (Photo credits: Zhao et al, 2023); (E) A funnel-shaped insect trap (Photo credits: Zhang et al, 2023).

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“SITE-100”中国样地昆虫多样性监测研究进展

Research progress of insect diversity in “SITE-100” sampling sites in China

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