《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》主要内容及其影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2023020

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

《生物多样性公约》第十五次缔约方大会通过了新的全球生物多样性战略, 即《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》(简称《昆蒙框架》)。随之通过的还包括《<昆蒙框架>的监测框架》《规划、监测、报告和审查机制》《资源调动》《能力建设与发展和科技合作》《遗传资源数字序列信息》等一揽子成果文件。《公约》缔约方需要在国内执行《昆蒙框架》及其一揽子成果。为支持我国执行《昆蒙框架》, 本文简要回顾了《昆蒙框架》及其一揽子成果的制定进程, 解读了《昆蒙框架》及相关一揽子成果的主要内容, 评论了《昆蒙框架》对全球和国家的影响, 并就我国如何执行《昆蒙框架》提出了建议, 包括更新修订国家生物多样性战略行动计划, 制定法律和政策以促进生物多样性的主流化, 强化国家执行进展监测和评估, 促进生物多样性融资工具的开发, 建立全社会广泛参与的伙伴关系。

关键词: 生物多样性公约, 昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架, 生物多样性战略与行动计划

Abstract

Background & Aim: The Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity adopted a new global biodiversity strategy—the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (the Kunming-Montreal GBF). The following five package outcomes were also adopted: Monitoring Framework; Mechanisms for Planning, Monitoring, Reporting and Review; Resource Mobilization; Capacity-Building and Development, Scientific and Technological Cooperation; and Genetic Resources Digital Sequence Information. Parties to the Convention need to implement the Kunming-Montreal GBF and its package of outcomes domestically. In order to facilitate China’s implementation of the Kunming-Montreal GBF, the paper briefly reviews the development process and the main contents of the Kunming-Montreal GBF and its package of outcomes.

Review Results: Comments on the global and national impact of the Kunming-Montreal GBF are given. In order to implement the Kunming-Montreal GBF, developed countries should enhance biodiversity financing and ensure the level of international funds related to biodiversity flowing to developing countries. Developing countries should revise or update national biodiversity strategies and action plans, monitor and report national implementation progress by using indicators, and accept review. China should host the inter-sessional process of the CBD and facilitate the implementation of the package deals of the Kunming-Montreal GBF.

Recommendations:Recommendations on how to implement the Kunming-Montreal GBF in China are provided: updating and revising the national biodiversity strategic action plan, formulating laws and policies to promote biodiversity mainstreaming, strengthening monitoring and evaluation of national implementation progress, promoting the development of biodiversity financing tools, and establishing partnerships with broad participation by the entire society.

Key words: Convention on Biological Diversity, Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan

徐靖, 王金洲 (2023) 《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》主要内容及其影响. 生物多样性, 31, 23020. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023020.

Jing Xu, Jinzhou Wang (2023) Analysis of the main elements and implications of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Biodiversity Science, 31, 23020. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023020.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023020

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I4/23020

图/表 1

图1 《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》主要内容框架。为实现2050年愿景与2030年使命, 《昆蒙框架》设置生物多样性状态(A)、可持续利用生物多样性(B)、公平公正分享惠益(C)及提供执行保障(D) 4个2050年长期目标, 以及23个以行动为导向的全球目标, 包括减少对生物多样性的威胁(目标1?8)、通过可持续利用和惠益分享以满足人类需求(目标9?13)、执行和主流化的工具和解决方案(目标14?23) 3个方面。

Fig. 1 The main content framework of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). In order to achieve the 2050 vision and the 2030 mission, the Kunming-Montreal GBF sets four long-term goals for 2050, namely, biodiversity status (A), sustainable use of biodiversity (B), fair and equitable sharing of benefits (C), and provision of implementation guarantees (D), as well as 23 action-oriented global targets, which are classified into three categories: reducing threats to biodiversity (Target 1 to 8), tools and solutions for meeting human needs through sustainable utilization and benefit sharing (Target 9 to 13), implementation, and mainstreaming (Target 14 to 23).

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