图1 小球藻科成员形态特征模式图。图A、B、D、E、Q引自Krienitz等(2015); 图I引自毕列爵和胡征宇(2004); 图M引自胡鸿钧等(1980); 图J、K、L、P引自刘国祥和胡征宇(2012); 图C、F、G、H、N、O为作者绘制。

Fig. 1 Diagram of morphological characteristics of Chlorellaceaen members. A, B, D, E and Q were from Krienitz et al (2015); I and L were from Bi & Hu (2004); M was from Hu et al (1980); J, K, L and P were from Liu & Hu (2012); C, F, G, H, N and O were drawn by the authors.

图2 基于小球藻科18S rDNA序列的系统发育分析(MEGA7, NJ方法, bootstrap test为1,000次), 图中拉丁学名如若有对应的中文名, 则见表1和附录1。数据矩阵包含115条序列, 去除模糊比对及两端序列, 矩阵共计1,679个位点。分支长度代表进化距离; 支持值小于50的未被标注。

Fig. 2 Phylogenetic analysis of Chlorellaceae based on 18S rDNA was inferred using the neighbor-joining method in MEGA7, with 1,000 replicates of bootstrap test. If there was a corresponding Chinese name in the Latin name, see Table 1 and Appendix 1. The tree was drawn to scale, with branch lengths in the same units as those of the evolutionary distances used to infer the phylogenetic tree. The analysis involved 115 nucleotide sequences. All ambiguous positions were removed for each sequence pair. There was a total of 1,679 positions in the final dataset.

图3 基于18S rDNA联合ITS序列构建的小球藻分支的最大似然进化树, 星号标注真正的株系。图中拉丁学名如若有对应的中文名, 则见表1和附录1。共包含155条序列, 数据矩阵长度为2,253 bp。采用IQ-TREE web server (Trifinopoulos et al, 2016)对每个分区进行最优模型的评估, 并构建系统发育树。分支上的数值代表SH-aLRT support (%)、aBayes support (%)和ultrafast bootstrap support (%)。

Fig. 3 Phylogenetic tree of the Chlorella clade based on 18S rDNA + ITS sequences using maximum likelihood (ML) methods. The asterisk refers to the authentic strains. If there was a corresponding Chinese name in the Latin name, see Table 1 and Appendix 1. The analysis involved 155 nucleotide sequences. There was a total of 2,253 positions in the final dataset. The best substitution model of each partition was estimated using default parameters of IQ-TREE web server (Trifinopoulos et al, 2016). Phylogenetic tree was reconstructed on the IQ-TREE web server. Values at the branches represent SH-aLRT support (%), aBayes support, ultrafast bootstrap support (%), respectively.

图4 基于18S rDNA联合ITS序列构建的类小球藻分支的最大似然进化树, 图中拉丁学名如若有对应的中文名, 则见表1和附录1。用到了97条序列, 数据矩阵长度为2,217 bp。针对每个分区采用IQ-TREE (Trifinopoulos et al, 2016)进行最优模型的评估, 系统发育树采用IQ-TREE软件构建。分支上的数值代表SH-aLRT support (%)、aBayes support和ultrafast bootstrap support (%)。

Fig. 4 Phylogenetic tree of Parachlorella clade based on 18S rDNA + ITS sequences using maximum likelihood (ML) methods. If there was a corresponding Chinese name in the Latin name, see Table 1 and Appendix 1. The analysis involved 97 nucleotide sequences. There was a total of 2,217 positions in the final dataset. The best substitution model of each partition was estimated using default parameters of IQ-TREE (Trifinopoulos et al, 2016). Phylogenetic tree was reconstructed on the IQ-TREE. Values at the branches represent SH-aLRT support (%), aBayes support,.ultrafast bootstrap support (%), respectively.

图5 基于72个质体蛋白质序列构建的小球藻科系统发育树, 图中拉丁学名如若有对应的中文名, 则见表1和附录1。利用PhyloSuite软件v1.2.2 (Zhang et al, 2020)提取基因氨基酸序列、序列经比对和修剪、对多基因序列进行串联、选择最优模型, 得到最终序列矩阵包含16,872个氨基酸, 系统发育树采用IQ-TREE软件构建。分支上的数值代表SH-aLRT support (%)、aBayes support和ultrafast bootstrap support (%)。

Fig. 5 Phylogenetic tree of Chlorellaceaen species based on the sequences of 72 plastid proteins. If there was a corresponding Chinese name in the Latin name, see Table 1 and Appendix 1. The amino acid sequences of each of 72 proteins were individually aligned, trimmed, concatenated and model selected using PhyloSuite v1.2.2 (Zhang et al, 2020). There was a total of 16,872 positions in the final dataset. Phylogenetic tree was reconstructed on the IQ-TREE (Trifinopoulos et al, 2016). Values at the branches represent SH-aLRT support (%), aBayes support, ultrafast bootstrap support (%), respectively.

图6 基于线粒体基因组32个蛋白质序列构建的系统发育树, 序列矩阵包含7,665个氨基酸, 图中拉丁学名如若有对应的中文名, 则见表1和附录1。利用PhyloSuite v1.2.2软件(Zhang et al, 2020)提取基因氨基酸序列、序列经比对和修剪、对多基因序列进行串联、选择最优模型, 系统发育树采用IQ-TREE软件构建。分支上的数值代表SH-aLRT support (%)、aBayes support和ultrafast bootstrap support (%)。

Fig. 6 Phylogenetic tree of Chlorellaceaen species based on the sequences of 32 mitochondrial proteins. The amino acid sequences of each of 32 proteins were individually aligned, trimmed, concatenated and model selected using PhyloSuite v1.2.2 (Zhang et al, 2020). There was a total of 7,665 positions in the final dataset. Phylogenetic tree was reconstructed on the IQ-TREE (Trifinopoulos et al, 2016). Values at the branches represent SH-aLRT support (%), aBayes support, ultrafast bootstrap support (%), respectively.