拉萨河中下游纤毛虫群落时空分布模式及其驱动机制

doi:10.17520/biods.2022012

生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 22012. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022012

所属专题：青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

拉萨河中下游纤毛虫群落时空分布模式及其驱动机制

杨清¹^,², 张鹏¹^,², 安瑞志¹^,², 乔楠茜¹^,², 达珍¹^,², 巴桑¹^,²^,^*()

1.西藏大学地球第三极碳中和研究中心, 拉萨 850000
2.西藏大学理学院青藏高原湿地与流域生态系统实验室, 拉萨 850000

收稿日期:2022-01-09 接受日期:2022-03-14 出版日期:2022-06-20 发布日期:2022-04-19
通讯作者: 巴桑
作者简介:* E-mail: hbasang2003@aliyun.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32070418);2022年中央财政支持地方高校改革发展专项资金(藏财预指〔2022〕1号)

Spatial and temporal distribution patterns and driving mechanisms of ciliate communities in the midstream and downstream reaches of the Lhasa River

Qing Yang¹^,², Peng Zhang¹^,², Ruizhi An¹^,², Nanqian Qiao¹^,², Zhen Da¹^,², Sang Ba¹^,²^,^*()

1. Center for Carbon Neutrality in the Third Pole of the Earth, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000
2. Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Wetland and Watershed Ecosystem, College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000

Received:2022-01-09 Accepted:2022-03-14 Online:2022-06-20 Published:2022-04-19
Contact: Sang Ba

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究拉萨河中下游纤毛虫群落的组成模式、时空多样性格局及其维持机制, 本文于2015年5月和8月以及2016年10月在拉萨河中下游17个样点进行采样, 采用活体观察、鲁哥氏碘液固定染色以及Wilbert蛋白银法相结合的物种鉴定方法, 对纤毛虫群落结构进行了研究。通过Shannon多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数、物种数分析群落结构时空上的差异性; 通过共现网络分析纤毛虫类群之间的相互作用; 通过冗余分析(redundancy analysis, RDA)探讨水体理化因子对纤毛虫群落结构的影响。结果表明, Shannon多样性指数在季节和河段间没有显著性差异; Margalef丰富度指数、物种数在河段间存在极显著性差异; 中游和下游河段共现网络节点间的相关关系均以正相关为主; 溶解氧(DO)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、总溶解盐(TDS)是影响纤毛虫群落结构的关键因子。综上所述, 拉萨河中下游纤毛虫群落结构在季节间没有显著差异, 在空间上具有显著差异; 纤毛虫在纲级水平上类群间的相互作用以协同作用为主导, 不同类群间存在复杂的相互作用, 整体上互作关系在春季较为复杂、夏季较为简单; 影响拉萨河中下游纤毛虫群落结构是多个环境因子共同作用的结果。

关键词: 拉萨河, 纤毛虫, 群落结构, 共现网络, 时空分布

Abstract

Aims: As a high-altitude water area, the Lhasa River’s aquatic ecosystem has a high research value due to its special environmental conditions. In recent years, studies on the high-altitude water area have gradually increased, but there are few studies on the community structure of ciliates in the Lhasa River. We conducted this study to explore the composition pattern, spatial and temporal diversity pattern, and maintenance mechanism of ciliate communities in the midstream and downstream reaches of the Lhasa River.
Methods: Seventeen samples were collected from the middle and lower reaches of the Lhasa River in May 2015 and August 2015, and October 2016. In-vivo observation, Rugo’s iodine solution fixation staining, and Wilbert’s protein silver method were utilized for species identification. The spatial and temporal differences of community structure were analyzed by the Shannon diversity index, Margalef index, and richness. The interactions between ciliate groups were analyzed through co-occurrence network. The effects of physical and chemical factors on ciliate community structures were investigated using redundancy analysis (RDA).
Results: There was no significant difference in the Shannon index between seasons and river segments. The richness and Margalef index were significantly different among the reaches. The correlation between nodes in the midstream and downstream of the co-occurrence network is primarily positive. Dissolved oxygen (DO), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total dissolved salt (TDS) are the key factors affecting ciliate community structures.
Conclusion: The ciliate community structures in the midstream and downstream of the Lhasa River exhibited no significant seasonal differences but significant spatial differences. At the class level, the interaction between ciliates was dominated by synergy, and there were complex interactions among different groups. On the whole, the interaction between ciliates was more complex in spring and simpler in summer. The community structures of ciliates in the midstream and downstream of the Lhasa River was influenced by several environmental factors.

Key words: Lhasa River, ciliate, community structure, co-occurrence networks, spatial and temporal distribution

杨清, 张鹏, 安瑞志, 乔楠茜, 达珍, 巴桑 (2022) 拉萨河中下游纤毛虫群落时空分布模式及其驱动机制. 生物多样性, 30, 22012. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022012.

Qing Yang, Peng Zhang, Ruizhi An, Nanqian Qiao, Zhen Da, Sang Ba (2022) Spatial and temporal distribution patterns and driving mechanisms of ciliate communities in the midstream and downstream reaches of the Lhasa River. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22012. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022012.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022012

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I6/22012

图/表 10

图1 拉萨河中下游样点分布图

Fig. 1 Distribution of sampling sites in the midstream and downstream of Lhasa River

图2 拉萨河中下游纤毛虫群落物种组成与分布。(a)各季节纲水平变化; (b)各季节空间分布; (c)三个季节所有物种数的空间分布。

Fig. 2 Species composition and distribution of ciliate communities in the midstream and downstream of Lhasa River. (a) Species on class level varies from seasons; (b) Spatial distribution from seasons; (c) Spatial distribution of all species in three seasons.

图3 拉萨河中下游样点间纤毛虫种类多集合维恩图。黑色点表示该位置有数据, 点线图表示样点间存在交集, 柱状图上的数字表示样点间的共有物种数, 左侧柱形图和点线图分别表示各样点的物种数和特有物种数。

Fig. 3 Multi-set Venn diagram of ciliate species between sites in the midstream and downstream of Lhasa River. Black dots indicated the existence of data at the sites, the dot plots indicated the intersection of the different sites, the numbers on the bar chart indicate the number of species in common between different sites, the bar chart and dot plot on the left show the number of species and endemic species at each.

表1 拉萨河中下游纤毛虫优势种

Table 1 Dominant species of ciliates in the midstream and downstream of Lhasa River

编号 Serial number	物种 Species	McNaughton指数 McNaughton index (Y)	春季 Spring	夏季 Summer	秋季 Autumn
S1	双刺板壳虫 Coleps bicuspis	0.04	+	-	-
S2	尾草履虫 Paramecium caudatum	0.05	+	-	-
S3	大弹跳虫 Halteria grandinella	0.07	+	-	-
S4	肾形豆形虫 Colpidium colpoda	0.04	+	-	-
S5	凹缝楯纤虫 Aspidisca sulcata	0.04	+	-	-
S6	锐利楯纤虫 Aspidisca lynceus	0.03	+	-	-
S7	薄漫游虫 Litonotus lamella	0.02	+	-	-
S8	太阳球吸管虫 Sphaerophrya soliformis	0.02	+	-	-
S9	盘状肾形虫 Colpoda patella	0.03	+	-	-
S10	前突肾形虫 Colpoda penardi	0.02	-	-	+
S11	似肾形虫 Colpoda simulans	0.03	+	-	-
S12	武装尾毛虫 Urotricha armatus	0.02	-	+	-
S13	钩刺斜管虫 Chilodonella uncinata	0.02	+	-	-
S14	美丽圆纹虫 Furgasonia rubens	0.03	-	+	-
S15	钟虫属一种 Vorticella sp.	0.02	-	+	+
S16	固着足吸管虫 Podophrya fixa	0.02	+	-	-

图4 拉萨河中下游纤毛虫群落丰度的时空变化

Fig. 4 Temporal and spatial variation of ciliate community abundance in the midstream and downstream of Lhasa River

图5 拉萨河中下游纤毛虫群落特征参数

Fig. 5 Characteristic parameters of ciliate communities in the midstream and downstream of Lhasa River

图6 拉萨河中下游纤毛虫的共现网络

Fig. 6 Co-occurrence networks of ciliates in the midstream and downstream of Lhasa River

表2 拉萨河中下游纤毛虫共现网络的关键拓扑结构特征

Table 2 The key topological characteristics of ciliate co-occurrence networks in the midstream and downstream of Lhasa River

网络拓扑指标 Network topology indicators	春季 Spring		夏季 Summer		秋季 Autumn
网络拓扑指标 Network topology indicators	中游 Midstream	下游 Downstream	中游 Midstream	下游 Downstream	中游 Midstream	下游 Downstream
节点数 Number of nodes	45	35	50	23	64	24
连接数 Number of connections	115	113	113	37	230	38
平均度 Average degree	5.11	6.46	4.52	3.22	7.19	3.17
模块化系数 Modularity coefficient	0.83	0.20	0.88	0.71	0.82	0.73
图密度 The density of figure	0.12	0.19	0.09	0.15	0.11	0.14
平均聚类系数 Mean clustering coefficient	0.91	0.94	0.85	0.86	0.96	0.88
平均路径长度 Mean path length	1.42	1.03	1.38	1.00	1.13	1.00
正相关占比 Positive correlation ratio (%)	94.78	97.35	96.46	100.00	99.57	100.00
负相关占比 Negative correlation ratio (%)	5.22	2.65	3.54	0.00	0.43	0.00

图7 拉萨河中下游纤毛虫群落特征参数(a)以及优势种(b)与环境参数的Spearman相关性热图。* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01。WT: 水温; EC: 电导率; TDS: 总溶解盐; Salt: 盐度; DO: 溶解氧; COD: 化学需氧量; TN: 总氮; TP: 总磷; NH4+-N: 氨氮; NO3--N: 硝态氮; TUR: 浊度; WS: 水流速度。

Fig. 7 Spearman correlation heat map of ciliate community characteristics (a) and dominant species (b) and environmental parameters in the midstream and downstream of Lhasa River. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01. WT, Water temperature; EC, Electrical conductivity; TDS, Total dissolved salt; Salt, Salinity; DO, Dissolved oxygen; COD, Chemical oxygen demand; TN, Total nitrogen; TP, Total phosphorus; NH4+-N, Ammonia nitrogen; NO3--N, Nitrate nitrogen; TUR, Turbidity; WS, Water flow speed.

图8 基于冗余分析方法的拉萨河中下游纲级水平上各纤毛虫类群与环境因子之间的关系。WT: 水温; EC: 电导率; TDS: 总溶解盐; Salt: 盐度; DO: 溶解氧; COD: 化学需氧量; TN: 总氮; TP: 总磷; NH4+-N: 氨氮; NO3--N: 硝态氮; TUR: 浊度; WS: 水流速度。Oligohymenophorea: 寡膜纲; Spirotrichea: 旋毛纲; Colpodea: 肾形纲; Heterotrichea: 异毛纲; Phyllopharyngea: 叶咽纲; Nassophorea: 篮口纲; Prostomatea: 前口纲; Litostomatea: 叶口纲; Karyorelictea: 核残迹纲。

Fig. 8 RDA method was used to analyze the relationship between ciliate groups and environmental factors at class level in the midstream and downstream of Lhasa River. WT, Water temperature; EC, Electrical conductivity; TDS, Total dissolved salt; Salt, Salinity; DO, Dissolved oxygen; COD, Chemical oxygen demand; TN, Total nitrogen; TP, Total phosphorus; NH4+-N, Ammonia nitrogen; NO3--N, Nitrate nitrogen; TUR, Turbidity; WS, Water flow speed.

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拉萨河中下游纤毛虫群落时空分布模式及其驱动机制

Spatial and temporal distribution patterns and driving mechanisms of ciliate communities in the midstream and downstream reaches of the Lhasa River

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