生物多样性 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (11): 1461-1469. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021150
吴二焕1, 李东海2,*(), 杨小波2,*(
), 左永令2, 李龙2, 张培春2, 陈琳2, 田路嘉2, 李晨笛2
收稿日期:
2021-04-22
接受日期:
2021-09-02
出版日期:
2021-11-20
发布日期:
2021-11-23
通讯作者:
李东海,杨小波
作者简介:
E-mail: yanfengxb@163.com基金资助:
Erhuan Wu1, Donghai Li2,*(), Xiaobo Yang2,*(
), Yongling Zuo2, Long Li2, Peichun Zhang2, Lin Chen2, Lujia Tian2, Chendi Li2
Received:
2021-04-22
Accepted:
2021-09-02
Online:
2021-11-20
Published:
2021-11-23
Contact:
Donghai Li,Xiaobo Yang
摘要:
海南苏铁(Cycas hainanensis)是古老的苏铁属植物, 为国家Ⅰ级重点保护植物, 也是IUCN红色名录的濒危物种。为研究海南苏铁在海南昌江保梅岭省级自然保护区的种群结构与森林郁闭度的关系, 本文通过样方法对海南苏铁种群及其所在群落进行调查, 分析了其群落结构和物种多样性, 以及其种群密度、年龄结构、存活曲线、空间分布格局与森林郁闭度的关系。结果表明: 海南苏铁所在群落垂直结构分为乔木上下2层、灌木层和草本层。海南苏铁所在群落物种多样性指数偏高, 群落内物种组成丰富; 各样方内海南苏铁数量分布不均, 经常群生于海拔500 m左右的林下、林缘间。海南苏铁种群结构属于增长型, 种群更新力强, 种群存活曲线趋近于Deevey-II型, 死亡率随着龄级增加而增加, 说明海南苏铁种群处于相对稳定的状态, 随着种群个体的生长发育, 其生存力逐渐下降; 海南苏铁种群空间分布格局呈聚集型, 聚集程度指标随着林分郁闭度变大而增加。曲线估计结果显示, 海南苏铁幼苗幼树在透光率36.11%-58.33%显著增加。综上所述, 昌江保梅岭地区的海南苏铁种群处于较为稳定的增长状态, 喜生长于海拔500 m左右、郁闭度为35%-60%的森林环境中。
吴二焕, 李东海, 杨小波, 左永令, 李龙, 张培春, 陈琳, 田路嘉, 李晨笛 (2021) 海南苏铁种群结构与森林群落郁闭度的关系. 生物多样性, 29, 1461-1469. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021150.
Erhuan Wu, Donghai Li, Xiaobo Yang, Yongling Zuo, Long Li, Peichun Zhang, Lin Chen, Lujia Tian, Chendi Li (2021) Population structure of Cycas hainanensis and its relationship with forest canopy density. Biodiversity Science, 29, 1461-1469. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021150.
样方 Quadrat | 经度 Longitude | 纬度 Latitude | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 坡度 Slope | 森林郁闭度 Forest canopy density |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 109°6′ E | 19°16′ N | 517.3 | 10.0° | 0.64 |
B | 109°6′ E | 19°16′ N | 519.1 | 12.2° | 0.51 |
C | 109°5′ E | 19°16′ N | 512.3 | 14.4° | 0.47 |
D | 109°6′ E | 19°16′ N | 510.2 | 14.4° | 0.29 |
E | 109°5′ E | 19°16′ N | 504.8 | 10.0° | 0.59 |
F | 109°6′ E | 19°16′ N | 503.6 | 13.8° | 0.59 |
表1 昌江保梅岭自然保护区海南苏铁调查样方的基本情况
Table 1 Physical characteristic of survey quadrat of Cycas hainanensis in the Baomeiling Nature Reserve of Changjiang County
样方 Quadrat | 经度 Longitude | 纬度 Latitude | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 坡度 Slope | 森林郁闭度 Forest canopy density |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 109°6′ E | 19°16′ N | 517.3 | 10.0° | 0.64 |
B | 109°6′ E | 19°16′ N | 519.1 | 12.2° | 0.51 |
C | 109°5′ E | 19°16′ N | 512.3 | 14.4° | 0.47 |
D | 109°6′ E | 19°16′ N | 510.2 | 14.4° | 0.29 |
E | 109°5′ E | 19°16′ N | 504.8 | 10.0° | 0.59 |
F | 109°6′ E | 19°16′ N | 503.6 | 13.8° | 0.59 |
层次 Layer | 物种 Species | 多度 Abundance | 频度 Frequency |
---|---|---|---|
乔木层 Tree | 枝花李榄 Linociera ramiflora | 0.006 | 0.27 |
黄牛木 Cratoxylum cochinchinense | 0.027 | 0.82 | |
破布叶 Microcos paniculata | 0.015 | 0.55 | |
厚皮树 Lannea coromandelica | 0.012 | 0.60 | |
细基丸 Polyalthia cerasoides | 0.010 | 0.53 | |
岭南山竹子 Garcinia oblongifolia | 0.017 | 0.37 | |
牛矢果 Osmanthus matsumuranus | 0.012 | 0.45 | |
粉背琼楠 Beilschmiedia glauca | 0.013 | 0.50 | |
枫香 Liquidambar formosana | 0.001 | 0.13 | |
乌墨 Syzygium cumini | 0.001 | 0.12 | |
翻白叶 Pterospermum heterophyllum | 0.002 | 0.13 | |
马占相思 Acacia mangium | 0.002 | 0.10 | |
香合欢 Albizia odoratissima | 0.001 | 0.13 | |
倒吊笔 Wrightia pubescens | 0.007 | 0.38 | |
灌木层 Shrub | 海南苏铁 Cycas hainanensis | 0.140 | 0.97 |
银柴 Aporosa dioica | 0.026 | 0.83 | |
猪肚木 Canthium horridum | 0.028 | 0.77 | |
山石榴 Catunaregam spinosa | 0.016 | 0.60 | |
粉背琼楠 Beilschmiedia glauca | 0.008 | 0.38 | |
潺槁木姜子 Litsea glutinosa | 0.009 | 0.35 | |
九节 Psychotria asiatica | 0.012 | 0.58 | |
海金沙 Lygodium japonicum | 0.00067 | 0.033 | |
草本层 Herb | 草豆蔻 Alpinia hainanensis | 0.00017 | 0.033 |
表2 乔木层、灌木层和草本层主要植物物种的多度与频度
Table 2 Abundance and frequency of main species in tree layer, shrub layer, and herb layer
层次 Layer | 物种 Species | 多度 Abundance | 频度 Frequency |
---|---|---|---|
乔木层 Tree | 枝花李榄 Linociera ramiflora | 0.006 | 0.27 |
黄牛木 Cratoxylum cochinchinense | 0.027 | 0.82 | |
破布叶 Microcos paniculata | 0.015 | 0.55 | |
厚皮树 Lannea coromandelica | 0.012 | 0.60 | |
细基丸 Polyalthia cerasoides | 0.010 | 0.53 | |
岭南山竹子 Garcinia oblongifolia | 0.017 | 0.37 | |
牛矢果 Osmanthus matsumuranus | 0.012 | 0.45 | |
粉背琼楠 Beilschmiedia glauca | 0.013 | 0.50 | |
枫香 Liquidambar formosana | 0.001 | 0.13 | |
乌墨 Syzygium cumini | 0.001 | 0.12 | |
翻白叶 Pterospermum heterophyllum | 0.002 | 0.13 | |
马占相思 Acacia mangium | 0.002 | 0.10 | |
香合欢 Albizia odoratissima | 0.001 | 0.13 | |
倒吊笔 Wrightia pubescens | 0.007 | 0.38 | |
灌木层 Shrub | 海南苏铁 Cycas hainanensis | 0.140 | 0.97 |
银柴 Aporosa dioica | 0.026 | 0.83 | |
猪肚木 Canthium horridum | 0.028 | 0.77 | |
山石榴 Catunaregam spinosa | 0.016 | 0.60 | |
粉背琼楠 Beilschmiedia glauca | 0.008 | 0.38 | |
潺槁木姜子 Litsea glutinosa | 0.009 | 0.35 | |
九节 Psychotria asiatica | 0.012 | 0.58 | |
海金沙 Lygodium japonicum | 0.00067 | 0.033 | |
草本层 Herb | 草豆蔻 Alpinia hainanensis | 0.00017 | 0.033 |
样方 Quadrat | Simpson多样性指数 Simpson’s diversity index | Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon diversity index | Pielou均匀度 指数 Pielou evenness index | 物种丰富度 Species richness |
---|---|---|---|---|
A | 0.949 | 3.410 | 0.811 | 9.699 |
B | 0.951 | 3.360 | 0.831 | 8.252 |
C | 0.947 | 3.310 | 0.841 | 7.383 |
D | 0.960 | 3.610 | 0.865 | 9.410 |
E | 0.949 | 3.400 | 0.841 | 8.252 |
F | 0.952 | 3.500 | 0.823 | 10.133 |
表3 群落物种多样性指数
Table 3 Community species diversity index
样方 Quadrat | Simpson多样性指数 Simpson’s diversity index | Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon diversity index | Pielou均匀度 指数 Pielou evenness index | 物种丰富度 Species richness |
---|---|---|---|---|
A | 0.949 | 3.410 | 0.811 | 9.699 |
B | 0.951 | 3.360 | 0.831 | 8.252 |
C | 0.947 | 3.310 | 0.841 | 7.383 |
D | 0.960 | 3.610 | 0.865 | 9.410 |
E | 0.949 | 3.400 | 0.841 | 8.252 |
F | 0.952 | 3.500 | 0.823 | 10.133 |
图1 海南省保梅岭省级自然保护区不同样方海南苏铁种群的年龄结构。样方A、B、C、D、E、F详细信息见表1。
Fig. 1 Age structure of Cycas hainanensis population in different quadrat in the Baomeiling Provincial Nature Reserve of Changjiang County, Hainan Province. Details of quadrat A, B, C, D, E, F see Table 1.
图2 海南省保梅岭省级自然保护区不同样方的海南苏铁种群存活曲线。样方A、B、C、D、E、F详细信息见表1。
Fig. 2 Survival curve of Cycas hainanensis population in different quadrat in the Baomeiling Provincial Nature Reserve of Changjiang County, Hainan Province. Details of quadrat A, B, C, D, E, F see Table 1.
样方 Quadrat | 郁闭度Forest canopy density | 方差Variance | 方差均值比 Average variance ratio (DI) | t | 负二项参数Negative binomial parameters (k) | 丛生指数Cluster index (I) | 平均拥挤指数Average crowding index (m*) | 聚集指数Patchiness index (Pai) | 扩散型指数Type diffusion index (I&) | 格林指数Green index (GI) | Cassie 指标 Cassie index(CA) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 0.64 | 31.12 | 3.58 | 5.48 | 4.62 | 2.58 | 11.28 | 1.30 | 1.27 | 2.38 | 0.22 |
B | 0.51 | 192.1 | 16.14 | 32.2 | 1.75 | 15.14 | 27.04 | 2.27 | 2.15 | 19.9 | 0.57 |
C | 0.47 | 11.38 | 1.78 | 1.65 | 10.29 | 0.78 | 7.18 | 1.12 | 1.30 | 0.44 | 0.10 |
D | 0.29 | 134.7 | 26.38 | 11.5 | 5.10 | 15.38 | 26.48 | 1.26 | 1.23 | 12.5 | 0.20 |
E | 0.59 | 17.43 | 2.53 | 3.25 | 6.01 | 1.53 | 8.43 | 1.22 | 1.20 | 1.06 | 0.17 |
F | 0.59 | 311.8 | 11.55 | 22.4 | 3.55 | 10.55 | 37.57 | 1.40 | 1.35 | 31.5 | 0.28 |
表4 海南省保梅岭省级自然保护区海南苏铁种群空间分布格局。样方A、B、C、D、E、F详细信息见表1。
Table 4 Spatial distribution pattern of Cycas hainanensis population in the Baomeiling Provincial Nature Reserve of Changjiang County, Hainan Province. Details of quadrat A, B, C, D, E, F see Table 1.
样方 Quadrat | 郁闭度Forest canopy density | 方差Variance | 方差均值比 Average variance ratio (DI) | t | 负二项参数Negative binomial parameters (k) | 丛生指数Cluster index (I) | 平均拥挤指数Average crowding index (m*) | 聚集指数Patchiness index (Pai) | 扩散型指数Type diffusion index (I&) | 格林指数Green index (GI) | Cassie 指标 Cassie index(CA) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 0.64 | 31.12 | 3.58 | 5.48 | 4.62 | 2.58 | 11.28 | 1.30 | 1.27 | 2.38 | 0.22 |
B | 0.51 | 192.1 | 16.14 | 32.2 | 1.75 | 15.14 | 27.04 | 2.27 | 2.15 | 19.9 | 0.57 |
C | 0.47 | 11.38 | 1.78 | 1.65 | 10.29 | 0.78 | 7.18 | 1.12 | 1.30 | 0.44 | 0.10 |
D | 0.29 | 134.7 | 26.38 | 11.5 | 5.10 | 15.38 | 26.48 | 1.26 | 1.23 | 12.5 | 0.20 |
E | 0.59 | 17.43 | 2.53 | 3.25 | 6.01 | 1.53 | 8.43 | 1.22 | 1.20 | 1.06 | 0.17 |
F | 0.59 | 311.8 | 11.55 | 22.4 | 3.55 | 10.55 | 37.57 | 1.40 | 1.35 | 31.5 | 0.28 |
龄级 Age class | 透光率 Light transmittance | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
88.89% | 66.67% | 58.33% | 36.11% | 21.53% | |
I | 2 | 7 | 33 | 94 | 8 |
II | 3 | 2 | 16 | 4 | 0 |
总计 Total | 5 | 9 | 49 | 98 | 8 |
表5 不同透光率下海南苏铁种群不同龄级的密度(株数 /100 m2)
Table 5 Density (inds./100 m2) of Cycas hainanensis population at different age classes under different light transmittance
龄级 Age class | 透光率 Light transmittance | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
88.89% | 66.67% | 58.33% | 36.11% | 21.53% | |
I | 2 | 7 | 33 | 94 | 8 |
II | 3 | 2 | 16 | 4 | 0 |
总计 Total | 5 | 9 | 49 | 98 | 8 |
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