海南苏铁种群结构与森林群落郁闭度的关系

doi:10.17520/biods.2021150

生物多样性 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (11): 1461-1469. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021150

• 研究报告:植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

海南苏铁种群结构与森林群落郁闭度的关系

吴二焕¹, 李东海²^,^*(), 杨小波²^,^*(), 左永令², 李龙², 张培春², 陈琳², 田路嘉², 李晨笛²

1.海南大学生命科学与药学院, 海口 570228
2.海南大学生态与环境学院, 海口 570228

收稿日期:2021-04-22 接受日期:2021-09-02 出版日期:2021-11-20 发布日期:2021-11-23
通讯作者: 李东海,杨小波
作者简介:E-mail: yanfengxb@163.com
*E-mail: dhlye@163.com;
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31760170);科技部十三五国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0503104);热带雨林国家公园科学考察植物部分(HD-KYH-2020008);海南苏铁、坡垒野外回归研究(HD-KYH-2018173)

Population structure of Cycas hainanensis and its relationship with forest canopy density

Erhuan Wu¹, Donghai Li²^,^*(), Xiaobo Yang²^,^*(), Yongling Zuo², Long Li², Peichun Zhang², Lin Chen², Lujia Tian², Chendi Li²

1 School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228
2 School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228

Received:2021-04-22 Accepted:2021-09-02 Online:2021-11-20 Published:2021-11-23
Contact: Donghai Li,Xiaobo Yang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

海南苏铁(Cycas hainanensis)是古老的苏铁属植物, 为国家Ⅰ级重点保护植物, 也是IUCN红色名录的濒危物种。为研究海南苏铁在海南昌江保梅岭省级自然保护区的种群结构与森林郁闭度的关系, 本文通过样方法对海南苏铁种群及其所在群落进行调查, 分析了其群落结构和物种多样性, 以及其种群密度、年龄结构、存活曲线、空间分布格局与森林郁闭度的关系。结果表明: 海南苏铁所在群落垂直结构分为乔木上下2层、灌木层和草本层。海南苏铁所在群落物种多样性指数偏高, 群落内物种组成丰富; 各样方内海南苏铁数量分布不均, 经常群生于海拔500 m左右的林下、林缘间。海南苏铁种群结构属于增长型, 种群更新力强, 种群存活曲线趋近于Deevey-II型, 死亡率随着龄级增加而增加, 说明海南苏铁种群处于相对稳定的状态, 随着种群个体的生长发育, 其生存力逐渐下降; 海南苏铁种群空间分布格局呈聚集型, 聚集程度指标随着林分郁闭度变大而增加。曲线估计结果显示, 海南苏铁幼苗幼树在透光率36.11%-58.33%显著增加。综上所述, 昌江保梅岭地区的海南苏铁种群处于较为稳定的增长状态, 喜生长于海拔500 m左右、郁闭度为35%-60%的森林环境中。

关键词: 海南苏铁, 群落结构, 种群结构, 存活曲线, 分布格局

Abstract

Aim Cycas hainanensis, an ancient species of Cycas, is a top priority plant species in China and is also classified as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. We aim to study the relationship between population structure and forest canopy density of C. hainanensis in the Baomeiling Provincial Nature Reserve of Changjiang County, Hainan Province.
Methods After an investigation of the C. hainanensis population and its community by utilizing the sample survey, we analyzed community characteristics including structure and species diversity, and population characteristics such as age structure, survival curve, spatial patterns, and population density. We also studied the relationship between C. hainanensis and forest canopy density.
Results The vertical structure of the community of C. hainanensis was divided into two tree layers, shrub layer and herb layer. The species diversity index of the community was high and the community species composition was rich. The distribution of C. hainanensiswas uneven in all quadrats and formed clusters in the undergrowth as well as the forest edge at an elevation of 500 m. The population dynamics belonged to growth type, and the population renewal ability is strong. The population survival curve of C. hainanensistended to the Deevey-II type. The population mortality increased with age, which indicated that the population of C. hainanensis was in a state of stable growth. The population viability decreased with the growth and development of individual specimens. The spatial distribution pattern of C. hainanensis population conformed to clumped distribution, and the degree of aggregation was positively correlated with an increase of forest canopy density. A curve estimation demonstrates that the density of C. hainanensisseedlings and saplings increased significantly in the study area where forest canopy density was 36.11%-58.33%.
Conclusions In conclusion, the C. hainanensispopulation in the Baomeiling Provincal Nature Preserve of Changjiang County is in a stable growth state and preferred to grow in a forest environment with an elevation of approximately 500 m and forest canopy density of 35%-60%.

Key words: Cycas hainanensis, community structure, population structure, survival curve, distribution pattern

吴二焕, 李东海, 杨小波, 左永令, 李龙, 张培春, 陈琳, 田路嘉, 李晨笛 (2021) 海南苏铁种群结构与森林群落郁闭度的关系. 生物多样性, 29, 1461-1469. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021150.

Erhuan Wu, Donghai Li, Xiaobo Yang, Yongling Zuo, Long Li, Peichun Zhang, Lin Chen, Lujia Tian, Chendi Li (2021) Population structure of Cycas hainanensis and its relationship with forest canopy density. Biodiversity Science, 29, 1461-1469. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021150.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2021150

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2021/V29/I11/1461

图/表 7

参考文献 29

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样方 Quadrat	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope	森林郁闭度 Forest canopy density
A	109°6′ E	19°16′ N	517.3	10.0°	0.64
B	109°6′ E	19°16′ N	519.1	12.2°	0.51
C	109°5′ E	19°16′ N	512.3	14.4°	0.47
D	109°6′ E	19°16′ N	510.2	14.4°	0.29
E	109°5′ E	19°16′ N	504.8	10.0°	0.59
F	109°6′ E	19°16′ N	503.6	13.8°	0.59

样方 Quadrat	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope	森林郁闭度 Forest canopy density
A	109°6′ E	19°16′ N	517.3	10.0°	0.64
B	109°6′ E	19°16′ N	519.1	12.2°	0.51
C	109°5′ E	19°16′ N	512.3	14.4°	0.47
D	109°6′ E	19°16′ N	510.2	14.4°	0.29
E	109°5′ E	19°16′ N	504.8	10.0°	0.59
F	109°6′ E	19°16′ N	503.6	13.8°	0.59

层次 Layer	物种 Species	多度 Abundance	频度 Frequency
乔木层 Tree	枝花李榄 Linociera ramiflora	0.006	0.27
	黄牛木 Cratoxylum cochinchinense	0.027	0.82
	破布叶 Microcos paniculata	0.015	0.55
	厚皮树 Lannea coromandelica	0.012	0.60
	细基丸 Polyalthia cerasoides	0.010	0.53
	岭南山竹子 Garcinia oblongifolia	0.017	0.37
	牛矢果 Osmanthus matsumuranus	0.012	0.45
	粉背琼楠 Beilschmiedia glauca	0.013	0.50
	枫香 Liquidambar formosana	0.001	0.13
	乌墨 Syzygium cumini	0.001	0.12
	翻白叶 Pterospermum heterophyllum	0.002	0.13
	马占相思 Acacia mangium	0.002	0.10
	香合欢 Albizia odoratissima	0.001	0.13
	倒吊笔 Wrightia pubescens	0.007	0.38
灌木层 Shrub	海南苏铁 Cycas hainanensis	0.140	0.97
	银柴 Aporosa dioica	0.026	0.83
	猪肚木 Canthium horridum	0.028	0.77
	山石榴 Catunaregam spinosa	0.016	0.60
	粉背琼楠 Beilschmiedia glauca	0.008	0.38
	潺槁木姜子 Litsea glutinosa	0.009	0.35
	九节 Psychotria asiatica	0.012	0.58
	海金沙 Lygodium japonicum	0.00067	0.033
草本层 Herb	草豆蔻 Alpinia hainanensis	0.00017	0.033

层次 Layer	物种 Species	多度 Abundance	频度 Frequency
乔木层 Tree	枝花李榄 Linociera ramiflora	0.006	0.27
	黄牛木 Cratoxylum cochinchinense	0.027	0.82
	破布叶 Microcos paniculata	0.015	0.55
	厚皮树 Lannea coromandelica	0.012	0.60
	细基丸 Polyalthia cerasoides	0.010	0.53
	岭南山竹子 Garcinia oblongifolia	0.017	0.37
	牛矢果 Osmanthus matsumuranus	0.012	0.45
	粉背琼楠 Beilschmiedia glauca	0.013	0.50
	枫香 Liquidambar formosana	0.001	0.13
	乌墨 Syzygium cumini	0.001	0.12
	翻白叶 Pterospermum heterophyllum	0.002	0.13
	马占相思 Acacia mangium	0.002	0.10
	香合欢 Albizia odoratissima	0.001	0.13
	倒吊笔 Wrightia pubescens	0.007	0.38
灌木层 Shrub	海南苏铁 Cycas hainanensis	0.140	0.97
	银柴 Aporosa dioica	0.026	0.83
	猪肚木 Canthium horridum	0.028	0.77
	山石榴 Catunaregam spinosa	0.016	0.60
	粉背琼楠 Beilschmiedia glauca	0.008	0.38
	潺槁木姜子 Litsea glutinosa	0.009	0.35
	九节 Psychotria asiatica	0.012	0.58
	海金沙 Lygodium japonicum	0.00067	0.033
草本层 Herb	草豆蔻 Alpinia hainanensis	0.00017	0.033

样方 Quadrat	Simpson多样性指数 Simpson’s diversity index	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon diversity index	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index	物种丰富度 Species richness
A	0.949	3.410	0.811	9.699
B	0.951	3.360	0.831	8.252
C	0.947	3.310	0.841	7.383
D	0.960	3.610	0.865	9.410
E	0.949	3.400	0.841	8.252
F	0.952	3.500	0.823	10.133

海南苏铁种群结构与森林群落郁闭度的关系

Population structure of Cycas hainanensis and its relationship with forest canopy density

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样方 Quadrat	郁闭度Forest canopy density	方差Variance	方差均值比 Average variance ratio (DI)	t	负二项参数Negative binomial parameters (k)	丛生指数Cluster index (I)	平均拥挤指数Average crowding index (m^*)	聚集指数Patchiness index (Pai)	扩散型指数Type diffusion index (I^&)	格林指数Green index (GI)	Cassie 指标 Cassie index（CA）
A	0.64	31.12	3.58	5.48	4.62	2.58	11.28	1.30	1.27	2.38	0.22
B	0.51	192.1	16.14	32.2	1.75	15.14	27.04	2.27	2.15	19.9	0.57
C	0.47	11.38	1.78	1.65	10.29	0.78	7.18	1.12	1.30	0.44	0.10
D	0.29	134.7	26.38	11.5	5.10	15.38	26.48	1.26	1.23	12.5	0.20
E	0.59	17.43	2.53	3.25	6.01	1.53	8.43	1.22	1.20	1.06	0.17
F	0.59	311.8	11.55	22.4	3.55	10.55	37.57	1.40	1.35	31.5	0.28

龄级 Age class	透光率 Light transmittance
龄级 Age class	88.89%	66.67%	58.33%	36.11%	21.53%
I	2	7	33	94	8
II	3	2	16	4	0
总计 Total	5	9	49	98	8

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