基于功能性状的水杉原生母树种群生境适应策略

doi:10.17520/biods.2019099

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物的功能性状变异和表型可塑性是其应对异质生境的主要机制, 对植物的生长和分布有重要贡献。本文以湖北星斗山国家级自然保护区的水杉(Metasequoia glyptostroboides)原生母树为研究对象, 分析了母树种群功能性状对树木形态、地形因子及人为干扰的响应机制。结果表明: 水杉原生母树叶面积、叶干重和比叶面积的变异幅度大, 可塑性较强, 而枝和叶的干物质含量稳定性最高。人为干扰和4个地形因子均对每个功能性状变异方差有5%-20%的解释度, 冠幅对枝、叶干物质含量的变异方差有高达38%和76%的解释度。5个功能性状主要受海拔、坡位和人为干扰影响, 其中, 比叶面积对环境因子和干扰的响应规律不明显, 叶面积和叶干重在强烈人为干扰的环境中普遍增大, 枝和叶的干物质含量对坡向的变化最敏感。总之, 水杉原生母树种群通过功能性状变异对环境能产生一定的可塑性响应, 但人为干扰对母树生长影响较大, 建议人工辅助更新, 并适度减少农业和建筑对现存母树的影响。

关键词: 水杉, 功能性状, 种内变异, 表型可塑性, 适应策略

Abstract

Functional trait variability and phenotypic plasticity are the main mechanisms plants use to respond to heterogeneous habitats. These can determine how well a plant grows and where it is distributed. In the Xingdoushan National Nature Reserve, we assessed the response of the functional traits of a population of Metasequoia glyptostroboides parent trees to tree morphology, terrain factors and human disturbance. We found that the leaf area (LA), leaf dry weight (LDW) and specific leaf area (SLA) had large variation and great plasticity, while leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and twig dry matter content (TDMC) were more stable. Human disturbance and the four terrain factors together explained 5%-20% of variance for each functional trait, and crown size explained 38% and 76% of the variation in TDMC and LDMC, respectively. The five functional traits were mainly affected by altitude, slope aspect and human disturbance. The SLA responded slightly to environmental factors and disturbance pattern, while LA and LDW generally increased with strong disturbance. LDMC and TDMC were most sensitive to change in slope aspect. Taken together, the population of M. glyptostroboides parent trees demonstrated significant plasticity in response to the environment through its variability in functional traits. Because human disturbance had a great influence on the growth of these trees, artificial regeneration is recommended, and the impact of agriculture and human construction needs to be reduced.

Key words: Metasequoia glyptostroboides, functional trait, intraspecific variability, phenotypic plasticity, adaptive strategy

陈俊, 姚兰, 艾训儒, 朱江, 吴漫玲, 黄小, 陈思艺, 王进, 朱强 (2020) 基于功能性状的水杉原生母树种群生境适应策略. 生物多样性, 28, 296-302. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019099.

Jun Chen, Lan Yao, Xunru Ai, Jiang Zhu, Manling Wu, Xiao Huang, Siyi Chen, Jin Wang, Qiang Zhu (2020) Adaptive strategies of functional traits of Metasequoia glyptostroboides parent trees to changing habitats. Biodiversity Science, 28, 296-302. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019099.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2019099

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2020/V28/I3/296

图/表 6

表1 水杉原生母树功能性状及其变异

Table 1 Functional trait and its variance of Metasequoia glyptostroboides parent trees

性状 Trait	平均值 ± 标准差 Mean ± SD	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	中值 Median	偏度 Sewness	峰度 Kurtosis	变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%)
叶干重 Leaf dry weight (g)	0.229 ± 0.085	0.096	0.889	0.210	17,406.545	11.361	37.172
叶面积 Leaf area (cm²)	28.316 ± 5.813	5.419	61.215	28.903	6,389.909	2.264	20.389
比叶面积 Specific leaf area (cm²/g)	11.6 ± 3.735	1.915	32.454	11.322	4,838.621	0.983	32.121
叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content (g/g)	0.242 ± 0.045	0.129	0.430	0.237	4,740.165	0.902	18.358
枝干物质含量 Twig dry matter content (g/g)	0.415 ± 0.038	0.283	0.618	0.415	5,497.453	1.527	9.059

图1 功能性状、形态因子与地形因子的多元因子分析

Fig. 1 Multiple factor analysis of functional traits, tree forms, and topographical factors. LA, Leaf area; SLA, Specific leaf area; LDW, Leaf dry weight; LDMC, Leaf dry matter content; TDMC, Twig dry matter content; DBH, Diameter at breast height; H, Height.

图2 不同因子对功能性状影响的方差分解

Fig. 2 Variance partitioning for function traits by different factors. LA, Leaf area; SLA, Specific leaf area; LDW, Leaf dry weight; LDMC, Leaf dry matter content; TDMC, Twig dry matter content.

表2 功能性状与地形因子灰色关联度分析

Table 2 Grey relational grade analysis between functional traits and topographic factors

性状 Trait	海拔 Altitude	坡向 Aspect	坡度 Slope	坡位 Slope position
叶干重 Leaf dry weight	0.788	0.724	0.653	0.542
叶面积 Leaf area	0.719	0.620	0.632	0.499
比叶面积 Specific leaf area	0.875	0.774	0.762	0.601
叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content	0.786	0.616	0.606	0.506
枝干物质含量 Twig dry matter content	0.770	0.567	0.626	0.480

图3 功能性状值在坡向梯度上的变化

Fig. 3 Changes of functional trait values on the gradient of slope aspects. LA, Leaf area; SLA, Specific leaf area; LDW, Leaf dry weight; LDMC, Leaf dry matter content; TDMC, Twig dry matter content.

图4 人为干扰下功能性状值的分布

Fig. 4 Distribution of function trait values under human disturbances. LA, Leaf area; SLA, Specific leaf area; LDW, Leaf dry weight; LDMC, Leaf dry matter content.

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