不同氮水平下瘤突苍耳、苍耳及其杂交种形态、光合及生长特征比较

doi:10.17520/biods.2018002

生物多样性 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (6): 554-563. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018002

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

不同氮水平下瘤突苍耳、苍耳及其杂交种形态、光合及生长特征比较

薛晨阳¹, 许玉凤¹, 曲波^1,^2,^*()

1 沈阳农业大学生物科学技术学院, 沈阳 110161
2 辽宁省全球变化与生物入侵重点实验室, 沈阳 110161

收稿日期:2018-01-03 接受日期:2018-03-18 出版日期:2018-06-20 发布日期:2018-09-11
通讯作者: 曲波
作者简介:# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFC1200101)、国家自然科学基金(31370229)和沈阳市高层次创新人才计划

Comparison of morphology, photosynthesis, and growth among Xanthium strumarium, X. sibiricum and their hybrid under different nitrogen levels

Chenyang Xue¹, Yufeng Xu¹, Bo Qu^1,^2,^*()

1 College of Biological Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161
2 Liaoning Key Laboratory of Biological Invasions and Global Changes, Shenyang 110161

Received:2018-01-03 Accepted:2018-03-18 Online:2018-06-20 Published:2018-09-11
Contact: Qu Bo
About author:# Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

入侵种与本地种杂交可能会改变其入侵性。为探讨入侵种与本地种杂交是否能促进植物入侵, 我们通过盆栽实验比较了高、中和低3种氮水平下入侵植物瘤突苍耳(Xanthium strumarium)、本地近缘种苍耳(X. sibiricum)及两者杂交种(X. strumarium♀ × X. sibiricum♂)的形态、光合及生长特征的差异。结果表明, 杂交种的总生物量在中氮和高氮水平下显著低于瘤突苍耳而高于苍耳。然而, 杂交种的茎粗在低氮水平下显著高于两个亲本, 叶绿素总含量和蒸腾速率在高氮水平下显著高于瘤突苍耳, 相对生长速率在低氮和高氮水平下显著高于两个亲本。此外, 在3种氮水平下瘤突苍耳的株高均显著小于苍耳, 而杂交种的株高在中氮和高氮水平下均与苍耳无显著差异。这些特性有可能提高了杂交种对资源的捕获和利用能力, 使其不仅能适应贫瘠的养分环境, 还能在有利条件下扩大自身优势。杂交带来较高的生长速率可能与瘤突苍耳的入侵性相关。

关键词: 瘤突苍耳, 苍耳, 入侵植物, 杂交

Abstract

Hybridization of invasive plants with native plants may alter their invasiveness. To investigate whether hybridization can promote plant invasions, we carried out a pot experiment to compare morphology, photosynthesis, and growth of the invasive plant Xanthium strumarium, the native plant X. sibiricum and their hybrid (X. strumarium♀ × X. sibiricum♂) under three nitrogen (N) levels, i.e. low, medium and high. Total biomass of the hybrid was smaller than that of X. strumarium but larger than that of X. sibiricum at the medium and high N levels. However, stem diameter of the hybrid was significantly higher than its parents at the low N level, its total chlorophyll content and transpiration rate were significantly higher than X. strumarium at the high N level, and its relative growth rate was higher than its parents at the low and high N levels. Moreover, plant height of X. strumarium was significantly lower than that of X. sibiricum at all three N levels, but plant height of the hybrid was not significantly different from that of X. sibiricum at the medium and high N levels. These characteristics may improve the hybrid’s ability to capture and use resources, which can not only help the hybrid adapt to a poor nutrient environment, but can also help to improve its advantages under favorable conditions. The higher growth rate of the hybrid may be associated with the invasiveness of X. strumarium.

Key words: Xanthium strumarium, Xanthium sibiricum, invasive plant, hybridization

薛晨阳, 许玉凤, 曲波 (2018) 不同氮水平下瘤突苍耳、苍耳及其杂交种形态、光合及生长特征比较. 生物多样性, 26, 554-563. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018002.

Chenyang Xue, Yufeng Xu, Bo Qu (2018) Comparison of morphology, photosynthesis, and growth among Xanthium strumarium, X. sibiricum and their hybrid under different nitrogen levels. Biodiversity Science, 26, 554-563. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018002.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2018002

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2018/V26/I6/554

图/表 7

图1 苍耳、瘤突苍耳及其杂交种的主成分分析三维散点排序图

Fig. 1 Three-dimensional ordination scatter plots of Xanthium sibiricum, X. strumarium and X. strumarium♀ × X. sibiricum♂

表1 杂交和养分水平对瘤突苍耳形态、生长和生理生态性状的影响

Tab1 e 1 Effects of hybridization and nitrogen levels on morphology, growth and eco-physiological measures of plants

	杂交 Hybridization (H)		养分水平 Nitrogen levels (N)		交互作用 H × N
	F	P	F	P	F	P
株高 Height	13.698	0.001^*	4.093	0.022^*	1.849	0.167
茎粗 Diameter	1.424	0.238	3.940	0.025^*	3.096	0.053
比叶面积 Specific leaf area	6.593	0.013^*	1.286	0.285	1.745	0.184
根生物量 Root biomass	5.462	0.023^*	5.323	0.008^*	0.477	0.623
茎生物量 Stem biomass	13.334	0.001^*	7.818	0.001^*	1.539	0.224
叶生物量 Leaf biomass	4.603	0.036^*	0.616	0.544	1.231	0.300
总生物量 Total biomass	12.908	0.001^*	8.905	0.000^*	1.244	0.296
根生物量比 Root biomass ratio	0.188	0.667	1.769	0.180	0.203	0.817
茎生物量比 Stem biomass ratio	0.007	0.934	0.598	0.553	0.155	0.857
叶生物量比 Leaf biomass ratio	0.907	0.345	4.829	0.012^*	0.207	0.814
根冠比 Root mass/Crown mass	0.126	0.724	2.174	0.124	0.015	0.985
蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate	0.470	0.496	2.477	0.093	9.622	0.000^*
气孔导度 Stomatal conductance	0.505	0.480	2.152	0.126	6.325	0.003^*
胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration	0.413	0.523	10.364	0.000^*	7.174	0.002^*
叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content	7.019	0.011^*	3.719	0.031^*	17.131	0.000^*
最大净光合速率 Maximum net photosynthetic rate	2.399	0.127	0.250	0.780	0.768	0.469
净同化速率 Net assimilation rate	0.001	0.976	3.490	0.038^*	3.335	0.043^*
相对生长速率 Relative growth rate	6.893	0.011^*	6.247	0.004^*	7.706	0.001^*

图2 不同氮水平下苍耳、瘤突苍耳及其杂交种的形态特征(平均值±标准误)。同一氮水平下, 不同小写字母代表3个物种存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。N0: 有效氮含量10.34 mg/kg; N50: 有效氮含量50 mg/kg; N90: 有效氮含量90 mg/kg。

Fig. 2 Morphology of Xanthium sibiricum, X. strumarium and X. strumarium♀ × X. sibiricum♂ at different nitrogen levels (mean ± SE). Within the same nitrogen level, different small letters indicate significant differences among the three species (P < 0.05). N0, Effective nitrogen content 10.34 mg/kg; N50, Effective nitrogen content 50 mg/kg; N90, Effective nitrogen content 90 mg/kg.

图3 不同氮水平下苍耳、瘤突苍耳及其杂交种的生物量特征(平均值±标准误)。同一氮水平下, 不同小写字母代表3个物种差异显著(P < 0.05)。N0: 有效氮含量10.34 mg/kg; N50: 有效氮含量50 mg/kg; N90: 有效氮含量90 mg/kg。

Fig. 3 Biomass characteristics of Xanthium sibiricum, X. strumarium and X. strumarium♀ × X. sibiricum♂ at different nitrogen levels (mean ± SE). Within the same nitrogen level, different small letters indicate significant differences among the three species (P < 0.05). N0, Effective nitrogen content 10.34 mg/kg; N50, Effective nitrogen content 50 mg/kg; N90, Effective nitrogen content 90 mg/kg.

图4 不同养分水平下苍耳、瘤突苍耳及其杂交种的生物量分配特征(平均值±标准误)。同一氮水平下, 不同小写字母代表3个物种差异显著(P < 0.05)。N0: 有效氮含量10.34 mg/kg; N50: 有效氮含量50 mg/kg; N90: 有效氮含量90 mg/kg。

Fig. 4 Biomass allocation of Xanthium sibiricum, X. strumarium and X. strumarium♀ × X. sibiricum♂ at different nitrogent levels (mean ± SE). Within the same nitrogen level, different small letters indicate significant differences among the three species (P < 0.05). N0, Effective nitrogen content 10.34 mg/kg; N50, Effective nitrogen content 50 mg/kg; N90, Effective nitrogen content 90 mg/kg.

图5 不同养分水平下苍耳、瘤突苍耳及其杂交种的光合特征(平均值±标准误)。同一氮水平下, 不同小写字母分别代表3个物种在相同处理下差异显著(P < 0.05)。N0: 有效氮含量10.34 mg/kg; N50: 有效氮含量50 mg/kg; N90: 有效氮含量90 mg/kg。

Fig. 5 Photosynthetic parameters of Xanthium sibiricum, X. strumarium and X. strumarium♀ × X. sibiricum♂ at different nutrient levels (mean ± SE). Within the same nitrogen level, different small letters indicate significant differences among the three species (P < 0.05). N0, Effective nitrogen content 10.34 mg/kg; N50, Effective nitrogen content 50 mg/kg; N90, Effective nitrogen content 90 mg/kg; Pmax, Maximum net photosynthetic rate; Gs, Stomatal conductance; Tr, Transpiration rate; Ci, Intercellular CO2 concentration.

图6 不同氮水平下苍耳、瘤突苍耳及其杂交种的生长特征(平均值±标准误)。同一氮水平下, 不同小写字母代表3个物种差异显著(P < 0.05)。N0: 有效氮含量10.34 mg/kg; N50: 有效氮含量50 mg/kg; N90: 有效氮含量90 mg/kg。

Fig. 6 Growth characteristics of Xanthium sibiricum, X. strumarium and X. strumarium♀ × X. sibiricum♂ at different nitrogen levels (mean ± SE). Within the same nitrogen level, different small letters indicate significant differences among the three species (P < 0.05). N0, Effective nitrogen content 10.34 mg/kg; N50, Effective nitrogen content 50 mg/kg; N90, Effective nitrogen content 90 mg/kg.

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不同氮水平下瘤突苍耳、苍耳及其杂交种形态、光合及生长特征比较

Comparison of morphology, photosynthesis, and growth among Xanthium strumarium, X. sibiricum and their hybrid under different nitrogen levels

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