红砂基因组大小变异及物种分化

doi:10.17520/biods.2021057

生物多样性 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (10): 1308-1320. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021057

所属专题：物种形成与系统进化

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

红砂基因组大小变异及物种分化

范兴科¹^,², 燕霞³, 冯媛媛⁴, 冉进华⁴, 钱朝菊¹, 尹晓月¹^,², 周姗姗¹^,², 房庭舟¹^,², 马小飞¹^,³^,^*()

1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院甘肃省寒区旱区逆境生理与生态重点实验室, 兰州 730000
2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
3.南通大学生命科学学院, 江苏南通 226019
4.中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室, 北京 100093

收稿日期:2021-02-09 接受日期:2021-06-10 出版日期:2021-10-20 发布日期:2021-10-20
通讯作者: 马小飞
作者简介:* E-mail: maxiaofei@lzb.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31770416);上海市绿化和市容管理局科技攻关项目(G202401);国家科技基础资源调查专项(2017FY100200);新疆生产建设兵团塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用重点实验室开放课题(BRZD1809)

Genome size variations and species differentiation of Reaumuria soongarica

Xingke Fan¹^,², Xia Yan³, Yuanyuan Feng⁴, Jinhua Ran⁴, Chaoju Qian¹, Xiaoyue Yin¹^,², Shanshan Zhou¹^,², Tingzhou Fang¹^,², Xiaofei Ma¹^,³^,^*()

1 Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
3 School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019
4 State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093

Received:2021-02-09 Accepted:2021-06-10 Online:2021-10-20 Published:2021-10-20
Contact: Xiaofei Ma

1. 附录1 红砂不同支系及其生境.pdf(718KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

红砂(Reaumuria soongarica, 柽柳科)是广泛分布于亚洲内陆干旱区温带荒漠的建群灌木, 该物种内部经历过分化和杂交事件, 是研究荒漠植物多样性发生和杂交物种形成的理想模型。然而, 红砂不同群体的倍性水平尚不清楚, 制约了对其物种形成机制的深入研究。为了确定红砂不同支系的倍性及基因组大小变异模式, 本研究以红砂幼苗根尖为实验材料, 以野生番茄(Solanum pimpinellifolium)作为内标物种, 利用流式细胞术对分别来自北疆支系及其可能的亲本支系(东部和西部支系)的共8个红砂群体进行了DNA 1C-值测定和分析。结果显示: 红砂东部支系的DNA 1C-值(1.149 ± 0.012 pg)略小于西部支系的1C-值(1.195 ± 0.031 pg)。北疆支系中阜康(FK)和沙湾(SW)群体的DNA 1C-值处于东、西支系的1C-值之间, 而火烧山(HSS)和五彩城(WCC)群体的1C-值接近东、西支系1C-值的2倍。结合之前的分子标记结果, 我们推测北疆支系中阜康和沙湾群体为东、西部支系的同倍体杂交种群, 而火烧山和五彩城群体属于异源四倍体杂交种群。不同倍性的北疆群体起源于不同的杂交事件, 可以划归为不同的物种。

关键词: Reaumuria soongarica, DNA C-值, 同倍体杂交物种形成, 异源多倍化杂交物种形成, 物种多样性

Abstract

Aims As a constructive shrub species widely distributed across the temperate deserts of arid Central Asia, Reaumuria soongarica (Tamaricaceae) had undergone divergence and hybridization during its evolutionary history, which make it an ideal model for understanding the molecular basis of biodiversity of desert ecosystems and plant hybrid speciation. However, the ploidy level of different populations of R. soongarica is still unclear, which confines the further study on its speciation mechanism.
Methods To clarify the ploidy level and variation patterns of genome size of different R. soongarica lineages, we investigated the DNA 1C-value of eight R. soongarica populations from the northern lineage (distributed in northern Xinjiang) and its putative parental lineages (the eastern and western lineages) by flow cytometry. The young roots of R. soongarica were selected as the experimental material, and Solanum pimpinellifolium was used as an internal standard species.
Results Our data showed that the DNA 1C-value of the eastern lineage (1.149 ± 0.012 pg) was slightly smaller than that of the western lineage (1.195 ± 0.031 pg), and the DNA 1C-value of the Fukang (FW) and Shawan (SW) populations in the northern lineage was intermediate between that of its parental lineages. However, the DNA 1C-values of the Huoshaoshan (HSS) and Wucaicheng (WCC) populations from the northern lineage were closely twice as those from the eastern and western populations.
Conclusion Considering to the previous results of molecular markers, we infer that the FW and SW populations belong to the homoploid hybrid populations from the eastern and western lineages, while the HSS and WCC populations are allopolyploid hybrid populations. The populations with different ploidy levels in the northern lineage could originate from different hybrid events, which could be classified into different species.

Key words: Reaumuria soongarica, DNA C-value, homoploid hybrid speciation, allopolyploid hybrid speciation, species diversity

范兴科, 燕霞, 冯媛媛, 冉进华, 钱朝菊, 尹晓月, 周姗姗, 房庭舟, 马小飞 (2021) 红砂基因组大小变异及物种分化. 生物多样性, 29, 1308-1320. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021057.

Xingke Fan, Xia Yan, Yuanyuan Feng, Jinhua Ran, Chaoju Qian, Xiaoyue Yin, Shanshan Zhou, Tingzhou Fang, Xiaofei Ma (2021) Genome size variations and species differentiation of Reaumuria soongarica. Biodiversity Science, 29, 1308-1320. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021057.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2021057

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2021/V29/I10/1308

图/表 7

表1 红砂采样群体的基本信息

Table 1 Sample information of Reaumuria soongarica populations

简称 Code	地理位置 Location	经纬度 Locality	海拔 Altitude (m)	年均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm)	遗传支系 Lineage
HG	甘肃红古 Honggu, Gansu	103.03° E, 36.26° N	1,775	369	东部支系 Eastern
SMY	宁夏四马营 Simaying, Ningxia	106.01° E, 38.50° N	1,175	193	东部支系 Eastern
AKS	新疆阿克苏 Akesu, Xinjiang	79.70° E, 41.57° N	1,491	164	西部支系 Western
CDY	新疆策达雅 Cedaya, Xinjiang	84.86° E, 42.01° N	1,078	80	西部支系 Western
SW	新疆沙湾 Shawan, Xinjiang	85.33° E, 44.32° N	519	150	北疆支系 Northern
FK	新疆阜康 Fukang, Xinjiang	88.13° E, 44.32° N	491	170	北疆支系 Northern
HSS	新疆火烧山 Huoshaoshan, Xinjiang	88.99° E, 44.86° N	478	155	北疆支系 Northern
WCC	新疆五彩城 Wucaicheng, Xinjiang	88.99° E, 45.16° N	773	176	北疆支系 Northern

图1 本研究测量的8个红砂群体的地理分布图。群体的具体信息见表1。

Fig. 1 Geographic locations of the eight Reaumuria soongarica populations measured in this study. The specific information of the populations is shown in Table 1.

图2 红砂东西支系的流式测定结果。A, B: SMY和CDY群体的样品分别单独上机检测; C-F: 每个红砂群体与内标番茄的混合样品的检测结果, 包括SMY、CDY、HG和AKS群体。P1代表番茄的G0/G1峰, P2代表红砂的G0/G1峰。群体代号见表1。

Fig. 2 Test results of different populations of the eastern and western lineages of Reaumuria soongarica using flow cytometry. A, B, The samples of SMY and CDY populations were measured without the internal standard; C-F, the mixed samples of Solanum pimpinellifolium and each Reaumuria soongarica population were tested, including SMY, CDY, HG, and AKS populations. P1 represents the nuclear DNA content of S. pimpinellifolium in G0/G1 phase, and P2 represents that of R. soongarica samples in G0/G1 phase. The population codes see Table 1.

表2 红砂属植物样品的流式细胞仪测定结果(平均值 ± 标准差)

Table 2 Measurement results of Reaumuria samples using flow cytometry (Mean ± SD)

支系 Lineage	群体 Population	红砂属样品G0/G1峰值 Peak values of Reaumuria (G0/G1)	内标番茄G0/G1峰值 Peak values of Solanum pimpinellifolium (G0/G1)	DNA 1C-值 DNA 1C-values (pg)	倍性 Ploidy	一倍体基因组大小 Monoploid genome size (Mb)
西部支系 Western lineage of R. soongarica	AKS	74,192.667 ± 1,381.685	45,988.667 ± 1,264.577	1.219 ± 0.025	2n = 2x	1,192.639 ± 24.701
	CDY	76,255.167 ± 2,643.503	49,239.500 ± 1,725.806	1.170 ± 0.005	2n = 2x	1,144.481 ± 4.816
	平均值 Average	-	-	1.195 ± 0.031	2n = 2x	1,168.560 ± 30.338
东部支系 Eastern lineage of R. soongarica	HG	75,210.667 ± 7,241.285	49,762.333 ± 5,100.729	1.143 ± 0.014	2n = 2x	1,117.586 ± 13.338
	SMY	74,570.500 ± 2,960.292	48,737.333 ± 1,845.872	1.156 ± 0.006	2n = 2x	1,130.655 ± 5.787
	平均值 Average	-	-	1.149 ± 0.012	2n = 2x	1,124.120 ± 11.944
北疆支系 Northern lineage of R. soongarica	SW	77,156.167 ± 3,492.550	49,210.000 ± 1,972.505	1.185 ± 0.009	2n = 2x	1,158.498 ± 9.009
	FK	68,354.000 ± 4,150.933	44,074.167 ± 2,919.187	1.172 ± 0.013	2n = 2x	1,146.490 ± 12.237
	HSS	141,698.000 ± 8,912.053	46,786.333 ± 2,805.389	2.288 ± 0.015	2n = 4x	1,118.938 ± 7.437
	WCC	144,188.167 ± 5,140.113	47,052.500 ± 1,598.277	2.316 ± 0.023	2n = 4x	1,132.291 ± 11.403
五柱红砂 R. kaschgarica	DLH	200,628.333 ± 1,704.432	38,574.000 ± 351.629	3.930 ± 0.006	-	-
红砂干燥叶片 Dehydrated leaves of R. soongarica	AKS	72,426.000 ± 2,382.788	43,371.000 ± 1,417.229	1.262 ± 0.014	2n = 2x	1,234.122 ± 14.060

图3 番茄和不同北疆红砂群体混合样品的流式测定结果。(A) SW群体; (B) HSS群体; (C) FK群体; (D) WCC群体。P1代表番茄的G0/G1峰, P2代表红砂的G0/G1峰。

Fig. 3 Test results of the mixed sample of Solanum pimpinellifolium and different populations of the northern lineage of Reaumuria soongarica using flow cytometry. The populations of the northern lineage include SW (A), HSS (B), FK (C), and WCC (D). P1 represents the nuclear DNA content of S. pimpinellifolium in G0/G1 phase, and P2 represents that of R. soongarica samples in G0/G1 phase.

图4 红砂AKS群体干燥叶片样品的DNA含量直方图。(A)单独的红砂叶片样品; (B)红砂叶片(P2, G0/G1)和内标番茄(P1, G0/G1)的混合样品。

Fig. 4 Histograms of the nuclear DNA content of Reaumuria soongarica dry leaves (the AKS population). (A) R. soongarica sample alone; (B) the mixed sample of R. soongarica (P2, G0/G1) and Solanum pimpinellifolium (P1, G0/G1).

图5 五柱红砂样品的DNA含量直方图。(A)单独的五柱红砂样品(R. K. 1); (B)五柱红砂(P2, G0/G1)和内标番茄(P1, G0/G1)混合样品。

Fig. 5 Histograms of the nuclear DNA content of Reaumuria kaschgarica. (A) The pure sample of R. kaschgarica; (B) the mixed sample of R. kaschgarica (P2, G0/G1) and Solanum pimpinellifolium (P1, G0/G1).

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红砂基因组大小变异及物种分化

Genome size variations and species differentiation of Reaumuria soongarica

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