水杉原生种群结构及空间分布格局

doi:10.17520/biods.2019283

生物多样性 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 463-473. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019283

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

水杉原生种群结构及空间分布格局

黄小¹,朱江^1,^2,^*(),姚兰^1,²,艾训儒^1,²,王进¹,吴漫玲¹,朱强¹,陈绍林³

1 湖北民族大学林学园艺学院, 湖北恩施 445000
2 生物资源保护与利用湖北省重点实验室, 湖北恩施 445000
3 湖北省星斗山国家级自然保护区管理局, 湖北恩施 445000

收稿日期:2019-09-08 接受日期:2019-11-27 出版日期:2020-04-20 发布日期:2020-06-15
通讯作者: 朱江
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0503100);湖北省自然科学基金(2019CFB229);湖北省“双一流”建设专项资金;湖北民族大学博士启动基金(MY2018B027)

Structure and spatial distribution pattern of a native Metasequoia glyptostroboides population in Hubei

Xiao Huang¹,Jiang Zhu^1,^2,^*(),Lan Yao^1,²,Xunru Ai^1,²,Jin Wang¹,Manling Wu¹,Qiang Zhu¹,Shaolin Chen³

1 School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei 445000
2 Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei 445000
3 Hubei Xingdoushan National Nature Reserve Administration, Enshi, Hubei 445000

Received:2019-09-08 Accepted:2019-11-27 Online:2020-04-20 Published:2020-06-15
Contact: Jiang Zhu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水杉(Metasequoia glyptostroboides)是我国特有濒危极小种群物种, 其种群的状态一直被国内外学者广泛关注。分析现存水杉原生种群结构和空间分布格局及其空间关联性, 可以从空间格局角度深入认识水杉原生种群结构和分布格局及可能的形成机理。本文基于湖北利川境内水杉原生种群的野外调查数据, 分析其径级和高度级结构, 同时运用点格局分析中的成对相关函数g(r)以及3个零模型(完全空间随机模型、异质泊松模型、先决条件模型)分析水杉原生种群空间分布格局、各龄级空间分布格局及空间关联性。结果表明: (1)分布于研究区域内的水杉原生种群个体数共5,663株, 已死亡33株, 现存活5,630株, 其中40株濒临死亡, 465株处于衰弱状态, 部分个体呈现不同的形态特征和生长状况, 断梢和蚁害最为常见, 雷击是最致命的危害。(2)水杉原生种群结构分析显示, 其径级结构和高度级结构均呈纺锤型, 自然更新不良。(3)基于完全空间随机模型, 水杉原生种群在各尺度下均呈现聚集分布, 中龄树在较小尺度(r < 3,300 m)上呈现聚集分布, 成年树和老龄树在较大尺度(r < 4,700 m)上呈现聚集分布; 排除生境异质性影响后, 聚集尺度均减小, 所以种群及不同龄级的聚集尺度分别为0-3,000 m、0-2,100 m、0-2,900 m和0-2,500 m, 随后呈现为微弱的随机分布和均匀分布。(4)基于完全空间随机模型, 3个龄级之间在所有尺度均为正关联; 在排除生境异质性影响后, 不同龄级的正关联尺度减小, 均在0-2,800 m呈正关联。综上, 水杉原生种群个体数量正呈现逐步减少的趋势, 种群主要呈聚集分布, 各个龄级间具有正向的关系, 从现有的空间格局来看, 生境异质性、扩散限制和种内竞争是导致该格局的主要原因。

关键词: 水杉原生种群, 种群结构, 点格局分析, 空间关联性

Abstract

Metasequia glyptostroboides is an endemic and endangered species in China, and has therefore been heavily researched. M. glyptostroboides’ distribution seems to have a recognizable spatial pattern, with a clear potential mechanism. To test this, we analyzed the structure and diameter classes and height level classes from survey data of parent M. glyptostroboides trees with a pairwise correlation function g (r) and three null models (complete spatial randomness, heterogeneous Poisson process, and antecedent condition) in a point pattern analysis. The results of the spatial distribution patterns showed that: (1) There was 5,661 individuals of the native M. glyptostroboides population in the study area. Within this population, 31 of which were dead, 40 trees were on the verge of death, and 465 trees were classified as “weak”, with morphological characteristics and growth conditions associated with these trees such as shoot breakage, ant damage, and lightning strike. (2) Both the diameter-class structure and the height-class structure were spindle-shaped, with poor natural renewal; (3) Based on Complete Spatial Randomness, the native M. glyptostroboides population showed a random distribution at all scales, the middle- aged trees showed an aggregation distribution on a small scale (r < 3,300 m), and the adult trees and the older trees appeared an aggregation distribution on a larger scale (r < 4,700 m). The aggregation scales of the population and the different age groups were 0-3,000 m, 0-2,100 m, 0-2,900 m and 0-2,500 m, respectively, and followed a weak random distribution and uniform distribution. (4) Based on Complete Spatial Randomness, there were positive correlations between the three growth stages at all scales that weakened when habitat heterogeneity was excluded (only a positive correlation between 0-2,800 m). In summary, the M. glyptostroboides population is decreasing gradually with poor population regeneration. The population is presented mainly as cluster distribution with positive relationship among all age classes, due to habitat heterogeneity, diffusion limitation and intra-species competition according to the existing spatial pattern.

Key words: Metasequoia glyptostroboides, population structure, point pattern analysis, space correlation

黄小,朱江,姚兰,艾训儒,王进,吴漫玲,朱强,陈绍林 (2020) 水杉原生种群结构及空间分布格局. 生物多样性, 28, 463-473. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019283.

Xiao Huang,Jiang Zhu,Lan Yao,Xunru Ai,Jin Wang,Manling Wu,Qiang Zhu,Shaolin Chen (2020) Structure and spatial distribution pattern of a native Metasequoia glyptostroboides population in Hubei. Biodiversity Science, 28, 463-473. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019283.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2019283

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2020/V28/I4/463

图/表 6

表1 水杉原生种群不同生长状况的个体数

Table 1 Number of individuals with different growth status of native Metasequoia glyptostroboides population

	濒死 Impending death	衰弱 Weakness	正常 Normal	总计 Total
断梢 Broken shoot	13	112	146	271
蚁害 Ant damage	1	40	171	212
雷击 Lightning strike	13	62	16	91
树木干枯 Dry-up of trees	10	44	16	70
根部空心 Root cavity	5	36	38	79
鸟害 Bird damage	0	15	51	66
树木分叉 Tree bifurcation	3	10	43	56
偏冠 Lopsided crown	0	16	36	52
根部腐烂 Root decay	4	25	19	50
雪压 Snow pressure	0	6	4	10
根部填埋 Root landfill	0	3	6	9
主干倾斜 Trunk tilt	3	3	3	9
火烧 Burn	1	3	0	4
树皮损害 Bark damage	4	0	1	5
人为剔枝 Artificial shaving	4	0	0	4

图1 水杉原生种群的径级和高度级结构

Fig. 1 Diameter and height classe structure of native Metasequoia glyptostroboides population

图3 采用完全空间随机模型(CSR)和异质泊松模型(HP)的水杉原生种群空间分布格局。实线为g(r)值, 虚线为99%置信区间。

Fig. 3 Spatial patterns of the native Metasequoia glyptostroboides population based on Complete Spatial Randomness (CSR) and Heterogeneous Poisson Process (HP) models. The solid and dashed line are g(r) value and 99% confidence envelopes, respectively.

图2 水杉原生种群空间分布点图

Fig. 2 Spatial distribution point of native Metasequoia glyptostroboides population

图4 采用完全空间随机模型(CSR)和异质泊松模型(HP)的不同龄级水杉原生种群空间分布格局。实线为g(r)值, 虚线为99%置信区间。

Fig. 4 Spatial distribution pattern of different ages in the native population of Metasequoia glyptostroboides based on Complete Spatial Randomness (CSR) and Heterogeneous Poisson Process (HP) models. The solid and dashed lines are g(r) value and 99% confidence envelopes, respectively.

图5 采用完全空间随机模型(CSR)和先决条件模型(AC)的不同龄级水杉原生种群空间关联性。实线为g12(r)值, 虚线为99%置信区间。

Fig. 5 Spatial associations of the native population of Metasequoia glyptostroboides based on Complete Spatial Randomness (CSR) and Antecedent Condition (AC) models. The solid and dashed lines are g(r) value and 99% confidence envelopes, respectively.

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水杉原生种群结构及空间分布格局

Structure and spatial distribution pattern of a native Metasequoia glyptostroboides population in Hubei

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