黄顶菊凋落物分解对节肢动物群落结构的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2016047

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选择黄顶菊(Flaveria bidentis)入侵的林地、农田、荒地、沟渠等4种生境作为调查样地, 比较黄顶菊与本地植物凋落物的分解速率及凋落物分解对节肢动物群落结构的影响。于2014年10月凋落物高峰期在各样地内分别搜集黄顶菊与本地植物的凋落物, 每种凋落物称取20 g装入尼龙网分解袋中, 放入各生境。2015年的每个月将不同生境不同处理凋落袋各取回10袋, 用Tullgren法分离节肢动物。 4种生境共捕获17,466头, 隶属8纲18目, 4种生境的优势类群皆为蜱螨目和啮目。其中, 林地、农田、荒地、沟渠4种生境处理组中节肢动物数量分别为1,698头, 1,838头, 2,631头, 3,413头, 分别比对照组高18%, 53%, 22%, 11%。多数月份黄顶菊凋落物中的节肢动物丰富度及多样性指数高于同生境对照组, 并且在黄顶菊生长盛期差异显著; 黄顶菊凋落物的分解速率高于对照植物分解速率, 且各月份凋落物分解速率动态与节肢动物数量变化动态呈显著相关。黄顶菊凋落物对节肢动物的影响与人为干扰程度有关, 这种影响在人为干扰较小的荒地与沟渠生境中更为明显。综上所述, 黄顶菊凋落物的分解改变了节肢动物群落结构, 并引起节肢动物多样性的升高。

关键词: 黄顶菊, 凋落物, 分解, 节肢动物, 生物多样性

Abstract

An investigation was conducted between fall 2014 and 2015 to illustrate litter decomposition of the non-native plant species Flaveria bidentis and its effects on the structure of local arthropod communities. The survey was implemented in four different habitats, including forestland, cultivated fields, uncultivated land and ditches, which were all invaded by F. bidentis. The collection yielded a total number of 17,466 individuals belonging to 8 classes from 18 orders dominated by Arachnoidea and Psocoptera. In all habitat types, the numbers of arthropod individuals collected from F. bidentis treatments were noticeably more than those collected from neighboring plants as a control treatment (by 11-53%). Throughout the survey season, species richness and diversity index of arthropods were usually higher in the F. bidentis litter than those in the control, and reached significant levels at the peak of F. bidentis growth. Results also showed that F. bidentis litter decomposed faster than the litter of neighboring plants. Other results also suggested that the effects of F. bidentis litter on arthropod might be associated with the extent of human disturbance, indicating that habitats rarely visited by humans such as uncultivated land and ditches might be affected more than forestland and cultivated fields, which had greater intensity of human activity. In summary, the invasion of F. bidentis changes the community structure of arthropods and increases the diversity of arthropods in four habitat types.

Key words: Flaveria bidentis, litter, decomposition, arthropods, biodiversity

晏静, 张国良, 张瑞海, 宋振, 赵晓红, 刘玉升, 付卫东 (2016) 黄顶菊凋落物分解对节肢动物群落结构的影响. 生物多样性, 24, 1288-1295. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016047.

Jing Yan, Guoliang Zhang, Ruihai Zhang, Zhen Song, Xiaohong Zhao, Yusheng Liu, Weidong Fu (2016) The effect of Flaveria bidentis litter decomposition on the structure of arthropod communities. Biodiversity Science, 24, 1288-1295. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016047.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2016047

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2016/V24/I11/1288

图/表 3

图1 4种生境凋落物月净损失率与节肢动物数量变化动态。a: 林地生境; b: 农田生境; c: 荒地生境; d: 沟渠生境。

Fig. 1 Dynamic of net loss percent of litter and the number of arthropods in four habitats. a, Forestland habitat; b, Cultivated field habitat; c, Uncultivated land habitat; d, Ditch habitat.

图2 4种生境节肢动物丰富度周年变化。a: 林地生境; b: 农田生境; c: 荒地生境; d: 沟渠生境。

Fig. 2 Annual variation of species richness of arthropod in four habitats. a, Forestland habitat; b, Cultivated field habitat; c, Uncultivated land habitat; d, Ditch habitat.

图3 4种生境节肢动物多样性。H: Shannon-Wiener多样性指数; D: Simpson多样性指数: E: Pielou均匀度指数。a: 林地生境; b: 农田生境; c: 荒地生境; d: 沟渠生境。

Fig. 3 Diversity index of arthropods in four habitats. H, Shannon-Wiener diversity index; D, Simpson-Yule index; E, Pielou evenness index. a, Forestland habitat; b, Cultivated field habitat; c, Uncultivated land habitat; d, Ditch habitat.

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