外来种互花米草和土著种芦苇空中凋落物氮动态的比较研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.2010.631

生物多样性 ›› 2010, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (6): 631-637. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.2010.631

所属专题：外来物种入侵：机制、影响与防控；生物入侵

外来种互花米草和土著种芦苇空中凋落物氮动态的比较研究

廖成章¹^,²^,^*(), 唐小平¹, 程小玲¹, 李博², 骆亦其²

1 国家林业局调查规划设计院, 北京 100714
2 复旦大学生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室、长江河口湿地生态系统野外科学观测研究站, 上海 200433

收稿日期:2010-03-07 接受日期:2010-06-22 出版日期:2010-11-20 发布日期:2011-01-31
通讯作者: 廖成章
作者简介:*E-mail: 031023079@fudan.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家基础研究发展计划(2006CB403305);国家自然科学基金(30930019);“十一五” 国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2006BAD23B0302);国家林业局948项目“湖滨湿地生态恢复关键技术引进”(2008-4-39)

Nitrogen dynamics of aerial litter of exotic Spartina alterniflora and native Phragmites australis

Chengzhang Liao¹^,²^,^*(), Xiaoping Tang¹, Xiaoling Cheng¹, Bo Li², Yiqi Luo²

1 Academy of Forest Inventory and Planning, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100714
2 Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433

Received:2010-03-07 Accepted:2010-06-22 Online:2010-11-20 Published:2011-01-31
Contact: Chengzhang Liao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤氮含量是限制植物生长的重要因素, 所以入侵植物要入侵成功必须突破土壤氮限制的瓶颈。近年来, 外来种互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)在中国海岸带盐沼中快速取代土著种芦苇(Phragmites australis), 引起了多方面的生态学后果。为了解互花米草与本地种芦苇空中凋落物的氮含量是否存在差异及产生这种差异的机制, 2003年11月至2004年4月, 作者在长江口九段沙湿地对互花米草与芦苇空中凋落物氮含量(单位面积凋落物的总氮量, N g/m²)进行了测定, 结果表明互花米草的氮含量比芦苇高。在空中分解过程中, 互花米草茎(包括叶鞘与秆)凋落物的氮含量显著上升, 但芦苇茎凋落物的氮含量显著降低。2006年1月, 又对中国海岸带6个地点的盐沼中互花米草的凋落物进行取样和氮浓度测定, 发现互花米草空中叶鞘与秆的老凋落物(2004年冬季产生)的氮浓度均显著高于其新产生的凋落物(2005年冬季产生), 表明在空中分解过程中, 互花米草叶鞘与秆凋落物氮含量增加具有普遍性。进一步的温室受控实验结果表明, 互花米草凋落物氮含量增加可能是由腐生固氮微生物引起的。以上结果表明,互花米草取代芦苇后, 改变了空中凋落物的氮动态, 增加了生态系统中氮的输入, 可能有利于互花米草的快速扩张。

关键词: 氮动态, Spartina alterniflora, 空中凋落物, Phragmites australis, 植物入侵

Abstract

Plant invasion is a significant element of global change. Recently, exotic Spartina alterniflora have rapidly displaced native Phragmites australis on China’s East Coast. In the Yangtze Estuary’s Jiuduansha wetlands, nitrogen content in aerial standing litter for both Spartina and Phragmites was measured from November 2003 to April 2004. Spartina had larger nitrogen content (N g/m²) in aerial litter than Phragmites. Nitrogen content in aerial litter of Spartina sheathes and stems increased during our study period; this trend was not observed for Phragmites. In January 2006, new (produced in winter of 2005) and old (produced in winter of 2004) Spartina aerial sheath and stem litter was collected from six sites on China’s East Coast. Aerial litter of old sheathes and stems had higher nitrogen concentrations than new sheathes and stems, suggesting that the increase of nitrogen content in Spartina sheath and stem aerial litter was consistent across sites. Further greenhouse experiments showed that the increase of nitrogen content in Spartina aerial litter was associated with microbial epiphytic nitrogen fixation. Our results suggest that Spartina invasion alters aerial litter nitrogen dynamics, which might increase nitrogen input into invaded ecosystems and facilitate rapid expansion of Spartina into additional habitats.

Key words: nitrogen dynamics, Spartina alterniflora, aerial litter, Phragmites australis, plant invasion

廖成章, 唐小平, 程小玲, 李博, 骆亦其 (2010) 外来种互花米草和土著种芦苇空中凋落物氮动态的比较研究. 生物多样性, 18, 631-637. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.2010.631.

Chengzhang Liao, Xiaoping Tang, Xiaoling Cheng, Bo Li, Yiqi Luo (2010) Nitrogen dynamics of aerial litter of exotic Spartina alterniflora and native Phragmites australis. Biodiversity Science, 18, 631-637. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.2010.631.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.2010.631

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2010/V18/I6/631

图/表 3

图1 长江口九段沙湿地外来种互花米草与土著种芦苇空中叶(A, C)与茎(B, D)凋落物碳、氮含量(平均值±标准误, n = 12)的动态变化。同一物种不同字母表示不同取样间差异显著; 除2004年2、4月两次取样的茎凋落物氮含量之外, 互花米草与芦苇两物种之间碳、氮含量差异极显著。

Fig. 1 Changes of carbon and nitrogen contents in aerial leaf litter (A and C), and aerial stem and sheath litter (B and D) for exotic Spartina alterniflora and native Phragmites australis in Jiuduansha wetlands of the Yangtze Estuary. Vertical bars represent mean ± 1 SE (n = 12). Different letters indicate significant differences for litter C and N contents from different sampling times within the same species. There were statistical differences in C and N contents between Spartina and Phragmites litters except for the N content in stem and sheath litter in February and April of 2004.

图2 中国东海岸5个盐沼湿地及复旦大学实验基地同质园内外来种互花米草秆(A)和叶鞘凋落物(B)氮浓度差异(平均值±标准误, n = 10)。6个地点的新、老凋落物氮浓度差异均极显著。1: 江苏大丰; 2: 上海崇明; 3:长江口九段沙; 4: 福建漳州; 5: 上海南汇; 6: 复旦大学。

Fig. 2 Comparison of nitrogen concentrations of culm (A) and sheath litter (B) between new (produced in 2005) and old aerial litter (produced in 2004) of exotic Spartina alterniflora sampled from the East Coast of China in January of 2006. There were significant differences in N concentration between new and old aerial litter across the six sites. Vertical bars represent mean ± 1 SE (n = 10). 1, Dafeng city of Jiangsu; 2, Chongming County of Shanghai; 3, Jiuduan Islands of Shanghai; 4, Zhangzhou City of Fujian; 5, Nanhui District of Shanghai; 6, Fudan University.

图3 外来种互花米草和土著种芦苇秆凋落物在温室分解45 d后质量(A)和氮含量(B)(占初始值的百分比, 平均值±标准误, n = 10)。实验处理1: 瓶内干燥、瓶口密封; 2: 瓶内加水、瓶口加盖; *表示凋落物质量或氮含量变化显著。

Fig. 3 Percent changes in stem litter mass (A) and N content (B) of exotic Spartina and native Phragmites stem litter under two treatments during glasshouse decomposition over a period of 45 days. Vertical bars represent mean ± 1 SE (n = 10). In treatment 1, the bottles were desiccated and sealed, whereas in Treatment 2, the bottles were watered and covered (not sealed). Asterisks indicate significant changes of litter mass and N content after 45-day decomposition for each species.

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外来种互花米草和土著种芦苇空中凋落物氮动态的比较研究

Nitrogen dynamics of aerial litter of exotic Spartina alterniflora and native Phragmites australis

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