青藏高原及毗邻区植物多样性演化 与维持机制: 进展及展望

doi:10.17520/biods.2016293

生物多样性 ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (2): 163-174. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016293

所属专题：青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全；物种形成与系统进化

青藏高原及毗邻区植物多样性演化与维持机制: 进展及展望

刘杰¹, 罗亚皇¹, 李德铢², 高连明^1,^*()

1 中国科学院昆明植物研究所东亚植物多样性和生物地理学重点实验室, 昆明 650201
2 中国科学院昆明植物研究所中国西南野生生物种质资源库, 昆明 650201

收稿日期:2016-10-12 接受日期:2017-02-13 出版日期:2017-02-20 发布日期:2017-03-06
通讯作者: 高连明
基金资助:
国家重大科学研究计划(2014CB954100)、国家自然科学基金(41571059)和国家留学基金(201504910423)

Evolution and maintenance mechanisms of plant diversity in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and adjacent regions: retrospect and prospect

Jie Liu¹, Yahuang Luo¹, Dezhu Li², Lianming Gao^1,^*()

1 Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201
2 Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201

Received:2016-10-12 Accepted:2017-02-13 Online:2017-02-20 Published:2017-03-06
Contact: Gao Lianming

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物多样性演化和维持受遗传和环境的共同影响。环境要素中, 地质和气候的影响最大。地质和气候过程对青藏高原及毗邻区植物多样性的演化和维持的影响尤为强烈。本文从不同时空尺度综述了青藏高原隆升、亚洲季风气候演变、冰期旋回的气候波动及偶联的环境变化对青藏高原及毗邻区植物多样性起源、演化、群体动态及维持机制的影响。总结了当前植物多样化和物种分布格局变迁和维持研究的最新进展和存在的不足, 展望了气候变化对植物遗传多样性的影响、杂交带及其群体动态和维持机制、植物多样性格局及其成因、季风气候演变对植物多样性维持的影响以及植物群落构建机制等五个值得深入的热点研究方向。

关键词: 气候变化, 杂交, 植物多样性, 群体历史, 青藏高原

Abstract

The evolution and maintenance of biodiversity is largely determined by the interaction of genetics and environmental factors. Geological and climatic histories, which played pivotal roles in the evolution and maintenance of plant diversity in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and adjacent regions, are the most important environmental aspects. We review the major effects of QTP environmental changes associated with geological uplift, Asian monsoon evolution, and Pleistocene climatic oscillation on the origin, evolution, population demography, and maintenance mechanisms of plant diversity in the QTP and adjacent regions across spatiotemporal scales. Furthermore, we summarize the current progress and knowledge gaps on mechanisms of diversification and maintenance of plant diversity, and outline the effect of climate change on plant genetic diversity, hybrid zone dynamics, plant diversity patterns, the effect of Asian Monsoon evolution on plant diversity maintenance, and mechanisms of community assembly, the five additional future research hotspots.

Key words: climate change, hybridization, plant diversity, population demography, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

刘杰, 罗亚皇, 李德铢, 高连明 (2017) 青藏高原及毗邻区植物多样性演化与维持机制: 进展及展望. 生物多样性, 25, 163-174. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016293.

Jie Liu, Yahuang Luo, Dezhu Li, Lianming Gao (2017) Evolution and maintenance mechanisms of plant diversity in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and adjacent regions: retrospect and prospect. Biodiversity Science, 25, 163-174. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016293.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2016293

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2017/V25/I2/163

参考文献 146

1	Abbott RJ, Barton NH, Good JM (2016) Genomics of hybridization and its evolutionary consequences. Molecular Ecology, 25, 2325-2332.
2	Alsos IG, Ehrich D, Thuiller W, Eidesen PB, Tribsch A, Schönswetter P, Lagaye C, Taberlet P, Brochmann C (2012) Genetic consequences of climate change for northern plants. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 279, 2042-2051.
3	Alvarado-Serrano DF, Knowles LL (2014) Ecological niche models in phylogeographic studies: applications, advances and precautions. Molecular Ecology Resources, 14, 233-248.
4	An Z, Sun Y, Chang H, Zhang P, Liu X, Cai Y, Jin Z, Qiang X, Zhou W, Li L (2014) Late Cenozoic climate change in monsoon-arid Asia and global changes. In: Late Cenozoic Climate Change in Asia, pp. 491-581. Springer, Berlin.
5	Avise JC (2000) Phylogeography: The History and Formation of Species. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
6	Avise JC, Bowen BW, Ayala FJ (2016) In the light of evolution X: comparative phylogeography. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 113, 7957-7961.
7	Barrett CF, Bacon CD, Antonelli A, Cano Á, Hofmann T (2016) An introduction to plant phylogenomics with a focus on palms. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 182, 234-255.
8	Bouilhol P, Jagoutz O, Hanchar JM, Dudas FO (2013) Dating the India-Eurasia collision through arc magmatic records. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 366, 163-175.
9	Cavender-Bares J, Ackerly DD, Hobbie SE, Townsend PA (2016) Evolutionary legacy effects on ecosystems: biogeographic origins, plant traits, and implications for management in the era of global change. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 47, 433-462.
10	Chen H, Zhu Q, Peng C, Wu N, Wang Y, Fang X, Gao Y, Zhu D, Yang G, Tian J (2013) The impacts of climate change and human activities on biogeochemical cycles on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Global Change Biology, 19, 2940-2955.
11	Cheng H, Edwards RL, Sinha A, Spötl C, Yi L, Chen S, Kelly M, Kathayat G, Wang X, Li X, Kong X, Wang Y, Ning Y, Zhang H (2016) The Asian monsoon over the past 640,000 years and ice age terminations. Nature, 534, 640-646.
12	Clark MK, Schoenbohm LM, Royden LH, Whipple KX, Burchfiel BC, Zhang X, Tang W, Wang E, Chen L (2004) Surface uplift, tectonics, and erosion of eastern Tibet from large-scale drainage patterns. Tectonics, 23, TC1006.
13	Clift PD, Hodges KV, Heslop D, Hannigan R, Van Long H, Calves G (2008) Correlation of Himalayan exhumation rates and Asian monsoon intensity. Nature Geoscience, 1, 875-880.
14	Cun YZ, Wang XQ (2010) Plant recolonization in the Himalaya from the southeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: geographical isolation contributed to high population differentiation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 56, 972-982.
15	Delsuc F, Brinkmann H, Philippe H (2005) Phylogenomics and the reconstruction of the tree of life. Nature Reviews Genetics, 6, 361-375.
16	Deng T, Ding L (2015) Paleoaltimetry reconstructions of the Tibetan Plateau: progress and contradictions. National Science Review, 2, 417-437.
17	Du FK, Hou M, Wang W, Mao K, Hampe A (2017) Phylogeography of Quercus aquifolioides provides novel insights into the Neogene history of a major global hotspot of plant diversity in south-west China. Journal of Biogeography, 44, 294-307.
18	Du FK, Peng XL, Liu JQ, Lascoux M, Hu FS, Petit RJ (2011) Direction and extent of organelle DNA introgression between two spruce species in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. New Phytologist, 192, 1024-1033.
19	Du ZY, Wang QF (2016) Allopatric divergence of Stuckenia filiformis (Potamogetonaceae) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its comparative phylogeography with S. pectinata in China. Scientific Reports, 6, 20883.
20	Ellegren H (2014) Genome sequencing and population genomics in non-model organisms. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 29, 51-63.
21	Favre A, Michalak I, Chen CH, Wang JC, Pringle JS, Matuszak S, Sun H, Yuan YM, Struwe L, Muellner-Riehl AN (2016) Out-of-Tibet: the spatio-temporal evolution of the temporal evolution of Gentiana (Gentianaceae). Journal of Biogeo- graphy, 143, 1967-1978.
22	Favre A, Packert M, Pauls SU, Jahnig SC, Uhl D, Michalak I, Muellner-Riehl AN (2015) The role of the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau for the evolution of Tibetan biotas. Biological Reviews, 90, 236-253.
23	Feder JL, Egan SP, Nosil P (2012) The genomics of speciation-with-gene-flow. Trends in Genetics, 28, 342-350.
24	Feng JM, Wang XP, Xu CD, Yang YH, Fang JY (2006) Altitudinal patterns of plant species diversity and community structure on Yulong Mountains, Yunnan. Journal of Mountain Science, 24, 110-116.
	(in Chinese with English abstract) [冯建孟, 王襄平, 徐成东, 杨元合, 方精云 (2006) 玉龙雪山植物物种多样性和群落结构沿海拔梯度的分布格局. 山地学报, 24, 110-116.]
25	Fordham DA, Brook BW, Moritz C, Nogués-Bravo D (2014) Better forecasts of range dynamics using genetic data. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 29, 436-443.
26	Gao J, Wang B, Mao JF, Ingvarsson P, Zeng QY, Wang XR (2012) Demography and speciation history of the homoploid hybrid pine Pinus densata on the Tibetan Plateau. Molecular Ecology, 21, 4811-4827.
27	Gao LM, Möller M, Zhang XM, Hollingsworth ML, Liu J, Mill RR, Gibby M, Li DZ (2007) High variation and strong phylogeographic pattern among cpDNA haplotypes in Taxus wallichiana (Taxaceae) in China and North Vietnam. Molecular Ecology, 16, 4684-4698.
28	Godfray HCJ, Lawton JH (2001) Scale and species numbers. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 16, 400-404.
29	Harrison RG (1990) Hybrid zones: windows on evolutionary process. Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology, 7, 69-128.
30	Harrison TM, Copeland P, Kidd WSF, Yin A (1992) Raising Tibet. Science, 255, 1663-1670.
31	He K, Jiang X (2014) Sky islands of southwest China. I. An overview of phylogeographic patterns. Chinese Science Bulletin, 59, 585-597.
32	Heald WF (1951) Sky islands of Arizona. Natural History, 60, 56-63.
33	Hewitt GM (1988) Hybrid zones: natural laboratories for evolutionary studies. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 3, 158-167.
34	Hewitt GM (2000) The genetic legacy of the Quaternary ice ages. Nature, 405, 907-913.
35	Huang JH, Chen B, Liu CR, Lai JS, Zhang JL, Ma KP (2012) Identifying hotspots of endemic woody seed plant diversity in China. Diversity and Distributions, 18, 673-688.
36	Huang JH, Huang JH, Liu CR, Zhang JL, Lu XH, Ma KP (2016) Diversity hotspots and conservation gaps for the Chinese endemic seed flora. Biological Conservation, 198, 104-112.
37	Hughes CE, Atchison GW (2015) The ubiquity of alpine plant radiations: from the Andes to the Hengduan Mountains. New Phytologist, 207, 275-282.
38	Ikeda DH, Max TL, Allan GJ, Lau MK, Shuster SM, Whitham TG (2017) Genetically informed ecological niche models improve climate change predictions. Global Change Biology, 23, 164-176.
39	Inoue K, Berg DJ (2017) Predicting the effects of climate change on population connectivity and genetic diversity of an imperiled freshwater mussel, Cumberlandia monodonta (Bivalvia: Margaritiferidae), in riverine systems. Global Change Biology, 23, 94-107.
40	Jagoutz O, Royden L, Holt AF, Becker TW (2015) Anomalously fast convergence of India and Eurasia caused by double subduction. Nature Geoscience, 8, 475-478.
41	Jia DR, Wang YJ, Liu TL, Wu GL, Kou YX, Cheng K, Liu JQ (2016) Diploid hybrid origin of Hippophaë gyantsensis (Elaeagnaceae) in the western Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 117, 658-671.
42	Jiang D, Feng J, Dong M, Wu G, Mao K, Liu J (2016) Genetic origin and composition of a natural hybrid poplar Populus × jrtyschensis from two distantly related species. BMC Plant Biology, 16, 1-12.
43	Khan G, Zhang FQ, Gao QB, Fu PC, Xing R, Wang JL, Liu HR, Chen SL (2016) Phylogenetic analyses of Spiraea (Rosaceae) distributed in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions: insights from molecular data. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 302, 11-21.
44	Knowles LL (2009) Statistical phylogeography. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 40, 593-612.
45	Kraft NJB, Ackerly DD (2010) Functional trait and phylogenetic tests of community assembly across spatial scales in an Amazonian forest. Ecological Monographs, 80, 401-422.
46	Li L, Abbott RJ, Liu BB, Sun YS, Li LL, Zou JB, Wang X, Miehe G, Liu JQ (2013) Pliocene intraspecific divergence and Plio-Pleistocene range expansions within Picea likiangensis (Lijiang spruce), a dominant forest tree of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Molecular Ecology, 22, 5237-5255.
47	Li MJ, Tan JB, Xie DF, Huang DQ, Gao YD, He XJ (2016) Revisiting the evolutionary events in Allium subgenus Cyathophora (Amaryllidaceae): insights into the effect of the Hengduan Mountains Region (HMR) uplift and Quaternary climatic fluctuations to the environmental changes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 94, 802-813.
48	Li R, Kraft NJB, Yu H, Li H (2015) Seed plant phylogenetic diversity and species richness in conservation planning within a global biodiversity hotspot in eastern Asia. Conservation Biology, 29, 1552-1562.
49	Li XH, Zhu XX, Niu Y, Sun H (2014) Phylogenetic clustering and overdispersion for alpine plants along elevational gradient in the Hengduan Mountains Region, southwest China. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 52, 280-288.
50	Li Y, Zhai SN, Qiu YX, Guo YP, Ge XJ, Comes HP (2011) Glacial survival east and west of the “Mekong-Salween Divide” in the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains region as revealed by AFLPs and cpDNA sequence variation in Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Berberidaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 59, 412-424.
51	Li ZH, Liu ZL, Wang ML, Qian ZQ, Zhao P, Zhu J, Yang YX, Yan XH, Li YJ, Zhao GF (2014) A review on studies of speciation in the presence of gene flow: evolution of reproductive isolation. Biodiversity Science, 22, 88-96.
	(in Chinese with English abstract) [李忠虎, 刘占林, 王玛丽, 钱增强, 赵鹏, 祝娟, 杨一欣, 阎晓昊, 李银军, 赵桂仿 (2014) 基因流存在条件下的物种形成研究述评: 生殖隔离机制进化. 生物多样性, 22, 88-96.]
52	Lippert PC, van Hinsbergen DJJ, Dupont-Nivet G(2014) Early Cretaceous to present latitude of the central proto-Tibetan Plateau: a paleomagnetic synthesis with implications for Cenozoic tectonics, paleogeography, and climate of Asia. In: Toward an Improved Understanding of Uplift Mechanisms and the Elevation History of the Tibetan Plateau: Geological Society of America Special Paper 507 (eds Nie J, Horton BK, Hoke GD), pp. 1-21.
53	Liu BB, Abbott RJ, Lu ZQ, Tian B, Liu JQ (2014a) Diploid hybrid origin of Ostryopsis intermedia (Betulaceae) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau triggered by Quaternary climate change. Molecular Ecology, 23, 3013-3027.
54	Liu J, Möller M, Provan J, Gao LM, Poudel RC, Li DZ (2013) Geological and ecological factors drive cryptic speciation of yews in a biodiversity hotspot. New Phytologist, 199, 1093-1108.
55	Liu JQ, Duan YW, Hao G, Ge XJ, Sun H (2014b) Evolutionary history and underlying adaptation of alpine plants on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 52, 241-249.
56	Liu JQ, Gao TG, Chen ZD, Lu AM (2002) Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau endemic Nannoglottis (Asteraceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 23, 307-325.
57	Liu JQ, Sun YS, Ge XJ, Gao LM, Qiu YX (2012) Phylogeographic studies of plants in China: advances in the past and directions in the future. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 50, 267-275.
58	Liu JQ, Wang YJ, Wang AL, Hideaki O, Abbott RJ (2006) Radiation and diversification within the Ligularia-Creman-
	thodium-Parasenecio complex (Asteraceae) triggered by uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 38, 31-49.
59	Liu YP, Shen ZH, Wang QG, Su XY, Zhang WJ, Shrestha N, Xu XT, Wang ZH (2017) Determinants of richness patterns differ between rare and common species: implications for Gesneriaceae conservation in China. Diversity and Distributions, 23, 235-246.
60	López-Pujol J, Zhang FM, Sun HQ, Ying TS, Ge S (2011) Centres of plant endemism in China: places for survival or for speciation? Journal of Biogeography, 38, 1267-1280.
61	Lu HY, Guo ZT (2014) Evolution of the monsoon and dry climate in East Asia during late Cenozoic: a review. Science China: Earth Sciences, 57, 70-79.
62	Luikart G, England PR, Tallmon D, Jordan S, Taberlet P (2003) The power and promise of population genomics: from genotyping to genome typing. Nature Reviews Genetics, 4, 981-994.
63	Luo D, Yue JP, Sun WG, Xu B, Li ZM, Comes HP, Sun H (2016a) Evolutionary history of the subnival flora of the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains: first insights from comparative phylogeography of four perennial herbs. Journal of Biogeography, 43, 31-43.
64	Luo YH, Liu J, Tan SL, Cadotte MW, Wang YH, Xu K, Li DZ, Gao LM (2016b) Trait-based community assembly along an elevational gradient in subalpine forests: quantifying the roles of environmental factors in inter- and intraspecific variability. PLoS ONE, 11, e0155749.
65	Luo YH, Liu J, Tan SL, Cadotte MW, Xu K, Gao LM, Li DZ (2016c) Trait variation and functional diversity maintenance of understory herbaceous species coexisting along an elevational gradient in Yulong Mountain, Southwest China. Plant Diversity, 38, 303-311.
66	Ma XF, Szmidt AE, Wang XR (2006) Genetic structure and evolutionary history of a diploid hybrid pine Pinus densata inferred from the nucleotide variation at seven gene loci. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 23, 807-816.
67	Ma YP, Zhang CQ, Zhang JL, Yang JB (2010) Natural hybridization between Rhododendron delavayi and R. cyanocarpum (Ericaceae), from morphological, molecular and reproductive evidence. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 52, 844-851.
68	Mao JF, Wang XR (2011) Distinct niche divergence characterizes the homoploid hybrid speciation of Pinus densata on the Tibetan Plateau. The American Naturalist, 177, 424-439.
69	Mao LF, Chen SB, Zhang JL, Hou YH, Zhou GS, Zhang XS (2013) Vascular plant diversity on the roof of the world: spatial patterns and environmental determinants. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 51, 371-381.
70	Meng LH, Yang R, Abbott RJ, Miehe G, Hu TH, Liu JQ (2007) Mitochondrial and chloroplast phylogeography of Picea crassifolia Kom. (Pinaceae) in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and adjacent highlands. Molecular Ecology, 16, 4128-4137.
71	Merckx VSFT, Hendriks KP, Beentjes KK, Mennes CB, Becking LE, Peijnenburg KTCA, Afendy A, Arumugam N, de Boer H, Biun A, Buang MM, Chen P-P, Chung AYC, Dow R, Feijen FAA, Feijen H, van Soest CF, Geml J, Geurts R, Gravendeel B, Hovenkamp P, Imbun P, Ipor I, Janssens SB, Jocque M, Kappes H, Khoo E, Koomen P, Lens F, Majapun RJ, Morgado LN, Neupane S, Nieser N, Pereira JT, Rahman H, Sabran S, Sawang A, Schwallier RM, Shim P-S, Smit H, Sol N, Spait M, Stech M, Stokvis F, Sugau JB, Suleiman M, Sumail S, Thomas DC, van Tol J, Tuh FYY, Yahya BE, Nais J, Repin R, Lakim M, Schilthuizen M (2015) Evolution of endemism on a young tropical mountain. Nature, 524, 347-350.
72	Mittermeier RA, Turner WR, Larsen FW, Brooks TM, Gascon C (2011) Global biodiversity conservation: the critical role of hotspots. In: Biodiversity Hotspots: Distribution and Protection of Conservation Priority Areas (eds Zachos FE, Habel JC), pp. 3-22. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
73	Molnar P (1986) The geologic history and structure of the Himalaya. American Scientist, 74, 144-154.
74	Montoya D, Rodríguez MA, Zavala MA, Hawkins BA (2007) Contemporary richness of holarctic trees and the historical pattern of glacial retreat. Ecography, 30, 173-182.
75	Niu K, He JS, Lechowicz MJ (2016) Grazing-induced shifts in community functional composition and soil nutrient availability in Tibetan alpine meadows. Journal of Applied Ecology, 53, 1554-1564.
76	Nosil P (2008) Speciation with gene flow could be common. Molecular Ecology, 17, 2103-2106.
77	Opgenoorth L, Vendramin GG, Mao KS, Miehe G, Miehe S, Liepelt S, Liu JQ, Ziegenhagen B (2010) Tree endurance on the Tibetan Plateau marks the world’s highest known tree line of the Last Glacial Maximum. New Phytologist, 185, 332-342.
78	Owen LA, Caffee MW, Finkel RC, Seong YB (2008) Quaternary glaciation of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen. Journal of Quaternary Science, 23, 513-531.
79	Payseur BA, Rieseberg LH (2016) A genomic perspective on hybridization and speciation. Molecular Ecology, 25, 2337-2360.
80	Pio DV, Engler R, Linder HP, Monadjem A, Cotterill FPD, Taylor PJ, Schoeman MC, Price BW, Villet MH, Eick G, Salamin N, Guisan A (2014) Climate change effects on animal and plant phylogenetic diversity in southern Africa. Global Change Biology, 20, 1538-1549.
81	Pironon S, Villellas J, Morris WF, Doak DF, García MB (2015) Do geographic, climatic or historical ranges differentiate the performance of central versus peripheral populations? Global Ecology and Biogeography, 24, 611-620.
82	Pittermann J, Stuart SA, Dawson TE, Moreau A (2012) Cenozoic climate change shaped the evolutionary ecophysiology of the Cupressaceae conifers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 109, 9647-9652.
83	Poelstra JW, Vijay N, Bossu CM, Lantz H, Ryll B, Müller I, Baglione V, Unneberg P, Wikelski M, Grabherr MG, Wolf JBW (2014) The genomic landscape underlying phenotypic integrity in the face of gene flow in crows. Science, 344, 1410-1414.
84	Poudel RC, Moller M, Liu J, Gao LM, Baral SR, Li DZ (2014) Low genetic diversity and high inbreeding of the endangered yews in Central Himalaya: implications for conservation of their highly fragmented populations. Diversity and Distributions, 20, 1270-1284.
85	Pyron RA (2015) Post-molecular systematics and the future of phylogenetics. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 30, 384-389.
86	Qiu YX, Fu CX, Comes HP (2011) Plant molecular phylogeography in China and adjacent regions: tracing the genetic imprints of Quaternary climate and environmental change in the world’s most diverse temperate flora. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 59, 225-244.
87	Rellstab C, Gugerli F, Eckert AJ, Hancock AM, Holderegger R (2015) A practical guide to environmental association analysis in landscape genomics. Molecular Ecology, 24, 4348-4370.
88	Ren G, Conti E, Salamin N (2015) Phylogeny and biogeography of Primula sect. Armerina: implications for plant evolution under climate change and the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 15, 161.
89	Ren G, Mateo RG, Liu J, Suchan T, Alvarez N, Guisan A, Conti E, Salamin N (2017) Genetic consequences of Quaternary climatic oscillations in the Himalayas: Primula tibetica as a case study based on restriction site-associated DNA sequencing. New Phytologist, 213, 1500-1512.
90	Renner SS (2016) Available data point to a 4-km-high Tibetan Plateau by 40 Ma, but 100 molecular-clock papers have linked supposed recent uplift to young node ages. Journal of Biogeography, 43, 1479-1487.
91	Royden LH, Burchfiel BC, van der Hilst RD (2008) The geological evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. Science, 321, 1054-1058.
92	Shi YF (2002) Characteristics of late Quaternary monsoonal glaciation on the Tibetan Plateau and in East Asia. Quaternary International, 97/98, 79-91.
93	Shi YF, Li JJ, Li BY (1998) Uplift and environmental changes of Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) in the late Cenozoic. Guangdong Science and Technology Press, Guangzhou.
	(in Chinese) [施雅风, 李吉均, 李炳元 (1998) 青藏高原晚新生代隆升与环境变化. 广东科技出版社, 广州.]
94	Shimono A, Ueno S, Gu S, Zhao X, Tsumura Y, Tang Y (2010) Range shifts of Potentilla fruticosa on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau during glacial and interglacial periods revealed by chloroplast DNA sequence variation. Heredity, 104, 534-542.
95	Su T, Liu YS, Jacques FMB, Huang YJ, Xing YW, Zhou ZK (2013) The intensification of the East Asian winter monsoon contributed to the disappearance of Cedrus (Pinaceae) in southwestern China. Quaternary Research, 80, 316-325.
96	Sun H (2002a) Evolution of Arctic-Tertiary flora in Himalayan-Hengduan Mountains. Acta Botanica Yunnanica, 24, 671-688.
	(in Chinese with English abstract) [孙航 (2002a) 北极-第三纪成分在喜马拉雅-横断山的发展及演化. 云南植物研究, 24, 671-688.]
97	Sun H (2002b) Tethys retreat and Himalayas-Hengduanshan Mountains uplift and their significance on the origin and development of the Sino-Himalayan elements and alpine flora. Acta Botanica Yunnanica, 24, 273-288.
	(in Chinese with English abstract) [孙航 (2002b) 古地中海退却与喜马拉雅-横断山的隆起在中国喜马拉雅成分及高山植物区系的形成与发展上的意义. 云南植物研究, 24, 273-288.]
98	Sun XJ, Wang PX (2005) How old is the Asian monsoon system? Palaeobotanical records from China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 222, 181-222.
99	Sun YS, Abbott RJ, Li LL, Li L, Zou JB, Liu JQ (2014) Evolutionary history of purple cone spruce (Picea purpurea) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: homoploid hybrid origin and Pleistocene expansion. Molecular Ecology, 23, 343-359.
100	Sun YS, Wang AL, Wan DS, Wang Q, Liu JQ (2012) Rapid radiation of Rheum (Polygonaceae) and parallel evolution of morphological traits. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 63, 150-158.
101	Svenning J-C, Skov F (2007) Could the tree diversity pattern in Europe be generated by postglacial dispersal limitation? Ecology Letters, 10, 453-460
102	Tada R, Zheng H, Clift PD (2016) Evolution and variability of the Asian monsoon and its potential linkage with uplift of the Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau. Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, 3, 4.
103	Taylor DR, Aarssen LW (1990) Complex competitive relationships among genotypes of three perennial grasses: implications for species coexistence. The American Naturalist, 136, 305-327.
104	Vitousek PM, Mooney HA, Lubchenco J, Melillo JM (1997) Human domination of Earth’s ecosystems. Science, 277, 494-499.
105	Wan DS, Feng JJ, Jiang DC, Mao KS, Duan YW, Miehe G, Opgenoorth L (2016) The Quaternary evolutionary history, potential distribution dynamics, and conservation implications for a Qinghai-Tibet Plateau endemic herbaceous perennial, Anisodus tanguticus (Solanaceae). Ecology and Evolution, 6, 1977-1995.
106	Wang BS, Mao JF, Zhao W, Wang XR (2013a) Impact of geography and climate on the genetic differentiation of the subtropical pine Pinus yunnanensis. PLoS ONE, 8, e67345.
107	Wang H, Qiong L, Sun K, Lu F, Wang YG, Song ZP, Wu QH, Chen JK, Zhang WJ (2010) Phylogeographic structure of Hippophae tibetana (Elaeagnaceae) highlights the highest microrefugia and the rapid uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Molecular Ecology, 19, 2964-2979.
108	Wang IJ, Glor RE, Losos JB (2013b) Quantifying the roles of ecology and geography in spatial genetic divergence. Ecology Letters, 16, 175-182.
109	Wang LY, Abbott RJ, Zheng W, Chen P, Wang YJ, Liu JQ (2009a) History and evolution of alpine plants endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: Aconitum gymnandrum (Ranunculaceae). Molecular Ecology, 18, 709-721.
110	Wang LY, Ikeda H, Liu TL, Wang YJ, Liu JQ (2009b) Repeated range expansion and glacial endurance of Potentilla glabra (Rosaceae) in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 51, 698-706.
111	Wang QG, Su XY, Shrestha N, Liu YP, Wang SY, Xu XT, Wang ZH (2017) Historical factors shaped species diversity and composition of Salix in eastern Asia. Scientific Reports, 7, 42038.
112	Wang W, Wang Q, Li S, Wang G (2006) Distribution and species diversity of plant communities along transect on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Biodiversity and Conservation, 15, 1811-1828.
113	Wang YJ, Susanna A, Von Raab-Straube E, Milne R, Liu JQ (2009c) Island-like radiation of Saussurea (Asteraceae: Cardueae) triggered by uplifts of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 97, 893-903.
114	Wang ZH, Tang ZY, Fang JY (2007) Altitudinal patterns of seed plant richness in the Gaoligong Mountains, south-east Tibet, China. Diversity and Distributions, 13, 845-854.
115	Wang ZW, Chen ST, Nie ZL, Zhang JW, Zhou Z, Deng T, Sun H (2015) Climatic factors drive population divergence and demography: insights based on the phylogeography of a riparian plant species endemic to the Hengduan Mountains and adjacent regions. PLoS ONE, 10, e0145014.
116	Webb CO, Ackerly DD, McPeek MA, Donoghue MJ (2002) Phylogenies and community ecology. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 33, 475-505.
117	Wen J, Zhang J, Nie ZL, Zhong Y, Sun H (2014) Evolutionary diversifications of plants on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Frontiers in Genetics, 5, 4.
118	Wu Z, Yu D, Li X, Xu X (2016) Influence of geography and environment on patterns of genetic differentiation in a widespread submerged macrophyte, Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L., Haloragaceae). Ecology and Evolution, 6, 460-468.
119	Wu Z, Yu D, Wang Z, Li X, Xu X (2015) Great influence of geographic isolation on the genetic differentiation of Myriophyllum spicatum under a steep environmental gradient. Scientific Reports, 5, 15618.
120	Xie ZQ, Wang L, Wang LR, Wang ZQ, Lu ZH, Tian DC, Yang SH, Hurst LD (2016) Mutation rate analysis via parent-progeny sequencing of the perennial peach. I. A low rate in woody perennials and a higher mutagenicity in hybrids. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 283, 20161016.
121	Xu CD, Feng JM, Wang XP, Yang X (2008) Vertical distribution patterns of plant species diversity in northern Mt. Gaoligong, Yunan Province. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 27, 323-327.
	[徐成东, 冯建孟, 王襄平, 杨雪 (2008) 云南高黎贡山北段植物物种多样性的垂直分布格局. 生态学杂志, 27, 323-327.]
122	Xu TT, Abbott RJ, Milne RI, Mao K, Du FK, Wu GL, Ciren ZX, Miehe G, Liu JQ (2010) Phylogeography and allopatric divergence of cypress species (Cupressus L.) in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10, 194.
123	Xu X, Zhang H, Tian W, Zeng X, Huang H (2016) Altitudinal patterns of plant diversity on the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, southwestern China. SpringerPlus, 5, 1566.
124	Yan Y, Yang X, Tang Z (2013) Patterns of species diversity and phylogenetic structure of vascular plants on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Ecology and Evolution, 3, 4584-4595.
125	Yang FS, Li YF, Ding X, Wang XQ (2008) Extensive population expansion of Pedicularis longiflora (Orobanchaceae) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its correlation with the Quaternary climate change. Molecular Ecology, 17, 5135-5145.
126	Yang FS, Qin AL, Li YF, Wang XQ (2012) Great genetic differentiation among populations of Meconopsis integrifolia and its implication for plant speciation in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. PLoS ONE, 7, e37196.
127	Yannic G, Pellissier L, Ortego J, Lecomte N, Couturier S, Cuyler C, Dussault C, Hundertmark KJ, Irvine RJ, Jenkins DA (2014) Genetic diversity in caribou linked to past and future climate change. Nature Climate Change, 4, 132-137.
128	Yi CL, Cui ZJ, Xiong HG (2005) Numerical periods of Quaternary glaciations in China. Quaternary Sciences, 25, 609-619.
	[易朝路, 崔之久, 熊黑钢 (2005) 中国第四纪冰期数值年表初步划分. 第四纪研究, 25, 609-619.]
129	Yin H, Yan X, Shi Y, Qian C, Li Z, Zhang W, Wang L, Li Y, Li X, Chen G, Li X, Nevo E, Ma XF (2015) The role of East Asian monsoon system in shaping population divergence and dynamics of a constructive desert shrub Reaumuria soongarica. Scientific Reports, 5, 15823.
130	Yu J, Kuroda C, Gong X (2014) Natural hybridization and introgression between Ligularia cymbulifera and L. tongolensis (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) in four different locations. PLoS ONE, 9, e115167.
131	Yue JP, Sun H, Baum DA, Li JH, Al-Shehbaz IA, Ree R (2009) Molecular phylogeny of Solms-laubachia (Brassicaceae) s.l., based on multiple nuclear and plastid DNA sequences, and its biogeographic implications. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 47, 402-415.
132	Yue LL, Chen G, Sun WB, Sun H (2012) Phylogeography of Buddleja crispa (Buddlejaceae) and its correlation with drainage system evolution in southwestern China. American Journal of Botany, 99, 1726-1735.
133	Zha HG, Milne RI, Sun H (2010) Asymmetric hybridization in Rhododendron agastum: a hybrid taxon comprising mainly F1s in Yunnan, China. Annals of Botany, 105, 89-100.
134	Zhang DC, Ye JX, Sun H (2016) Quantitative approaches to identify floristic units and centres of species endemism in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, south-western China. Journal of Biogeography, 43, 2465-2476.
135	Zhang H, Qi W, John R, Wang W, Song F, Zhou S (2015a) Using functional trait diversity to evaluate the contribution of multiple ecological processes to community assembly during succession. Ecography, 38, 1176-1186.
136	Zhang J, Nielsen SE, Chen Y, Georges D, Qin Y, Wang SS, Svenning J-C, Thuiller W (2017a) Extinction risk of North American seed plants elevated by climate and land-use change. Journal of Applied Ecology, 54, 303-312.
137	Zhang JQ, Meng SY, Allen GA, Wen J, Rao GY (2014) Rapid radiation and dispersal out of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of an alpine plant lineage Rhodiola (Crassulaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 77, 147-158.
138	Zhang JW, D’Rozario A, Adams JM, Li Y, Liang XQ, Jacques FM, Su T, Zhou ZK (2015b) Sequoia maguanensis, a new Miocene relative of the coast redwood, Sequoia sempervirens, from China: implications for paleogeography and paleoclimate. American Journal of Botany, 102, 103-118.
139	Zhang MG, Slik JWF, Ma KP (2017b) Priority areas for the conservation of perennial plants in China. Biological Conservation. .
140	Zhang Q, Chiang TY, George M, Liu JQ, Abbott RJ (2005) Phylogeography of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau endemic Juniperus przewalskii (Cupressaceae) inferred from chloroplast DNA sequence variation. Molecular Ecology, 14, 3513-3524.
141	Zhang TC, Comes HP, Sun H (2011) Chloroplast phylogeography of Terminalia franchetii (Combretaceae) from the eastern Sino-Himalayan region and its correlation with historical river capture events. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 60, 1-12.
142	Zhao JL, Gugger PF, Xia YM, Li QJ (2016a) Ecological divergence of two closely related Roscoea species associated with late Quaternary climate change. Journal of Biogeography, 43, 1990-2001.
143	Zhao JL, Xia YM, Cannon CH, Kress WJ, Li QJ (2016b) Evolutionary diversification of alpine ginger reflects the early uplift of the Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau and rapid extrusion of Indochina. Gondwana Research, 32, 232-241.
144	Zheng BX, Xu QQ, Shen YP (2002) The relationship between climate change and Quaternary glacial cycles on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: review and speculation. Quaternary International, 97/98, 93-101.
145	Zheng D, Yao TD (2004) Uplifting of Tibetan Plateau with Its Environmental Effects. Science Press, Beijing.
	(in Chinese) [郑度, 姚檀栋 (2004) 青藏高原隆升与环境效应. 科学出版社, 北京.]
146	Zobel M (1997) The relative of species pools in determining plant species richness: an alternative explanation of species coexistence? Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 12, 266-269.

[1]	连佳丽, 陈婧, 杨雪琴, 赵莹, 罗叙, 韩翠, 赵雅欣, 李建平. 荒漠草原植物多样性和微生物多样性对降水变化的响应[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(6): 24044-.
[2]	吴琪, 张晓青, 杨雨婷, 周艺博, 马毅, 许大明, 斯幸峰, 王健. 浙江钱江源-百山祖国家公园庆元片区叶附生苔多样性及其时空变化[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(4): 24010-.
[3]	曹可欣, 王敬雯, 郑国, 武鹏峰, 李英滨, 崔淑艳. 降水格局改变及氮沉降对北方典型草原土壤线虫多样性的影响[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(3): 23491-.
[4]	万凤鸣, 万华伟, 张志如, 高吉喜, 孙晨曦, 王永财. 草地植物多样性无人机调查的应用潜力[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(3): 23381-.
[5]	张乃鹏, 梁洪儒, 张焱, 孙超, 陈勇, 王路路, 夏江宝, 高芳磊. 土壤类型和地下水埋深对黄河三角洲典型盐沼植物群落空间分异的影响[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(2): 23370-.
[6]	宋柱秋, 叶文, 董仕勇, 金梓超, 钟星杰, 王震, 张步云, 徐晔春, 陈文俐, 李世晋, 姚纲, 徐洲锋, 廖帅, 童毅华, 曾佑派, 曾云保, 陈又生. 广东省高等植物多样性编目和分布数据集[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(9): 23177-.
[7]	陈又生, 宋柱秋, 卫然, 罗艳, 陈文俐, 杨福生, 高连明, 徐源, 张卓欣, 付鹏程, 向春雷, 王焕冲, 郝加琛, 孟世勇, 吴磊, 李波, 于胜祥, 张树仁, 何理, 郭信强, 王文广, 童毅华, 高乞, 费文群, 曾佑派, 白琳, 金梓超, 钟星杰, 张步云, 杜思怡. 西藏维管植物多样性编目和分布数据集[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(9): 23188-.
[8]	韩赟, 迟晓峰, 余静雅, 丁旭洁, 陈世龙, 张发起. 青海野生维管植物名录[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(9): 23280-.
[9]	冯莉. 国际法视野下生物多样性和气候变化的协同治理[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(7): 23110-.
[10]	陈嘉珈, 蒲真, 黄中鸿, 于凤琴, 张建军, 许东华, 徐俊泉, 尚鹏, 地里木拉提∙帕尔哈提, 李耀江, Jigme Tshering, 郭玉民. 全球黑颈鹤越冬种群分布与数量[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(6): 22400-.
[11]	李仕裕, 张奕奇, 邹璞, 宁祖林, 廖景平. 广东省植物园植物多样性迁地保护现状及发展建议[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(6): 22647-.
[12]	梁彩群, 陈玉凯, 杨小波, 张凯, 李东海, 江悦馨, 李婧涵, 王重阳, 张顺卫, 朱子丞. 海南省野生维管植物编目和分布数据集[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(6): 23067-.
[13]	陈晓澄, 张鹏展, 康斌, 刘林山, 赵亮. 基于中国科学院西北高原生物研究所馆藏标本分析青藏高原雀形目鸟类物种和功能多样性[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(5): 22638-.
[14]	张鹤露, 赵美红, 孙世春, 刘晓收. 西藏那曲市高原盐湖自由生活线虫群落多样性与结构特征[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(5): 22533-.
[15]	姚雪, 陈星, 戴尊, 宋坤, 邢诗晨, 曹宏彧, 邹璐, 王健. 采集策略对叶附生苔类植物发现概率及物种多样性的重要性[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(4): 22685-.

青藏高原及毗邻区植物多样性演化与维持机制: 进展及展望

Evolution and maintenance mechanisms of plant diversity in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and adjacent regions: retrospect and prospect

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献 146

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

青藏高原及毗邻区植物多样性演化 与维持机制: 进展及展望

Evolution and maintenance mechanisms of plant diversity in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and adjacent regions: retrospect and prospect

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献 146

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

青藏高原及毗邻区植物多样性演化与维持机制: 进展及展望