中国森林破碎化多尺度评价

doi:10.17520/biods.2016257

生物多样性 ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (4): 372-381. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016257

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

中国森林破碎化多尺度评价

李瑶¹, 肖向明^1,^2,^*(), 李香萍¹, 马俊¹, 陈帮乾¹, 秦元伟², 董金玮³, 赵斌¹

1 生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室, 复旦大学生物多样性科学研究所, 上海 200438, 中国
2 Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Center for Spatial Analysis, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
3 中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室, 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101, 中国;

收稿日期:2016-09-12 接受日期:2017-03-29 出版日期:2017-04-20 发布日期:2017-04-20
通讯作者: 肖向明
基金资助:
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(41571408)

Multi-scale assessments of forest fragmentation in China

Yao Li¹, Xiangming Xiao^1,^2,^*, Xiangping Li¹, Jun Ma¹, Bangqian Chen¹, Yuanwei Qin², Jinwei Dong³, Bin Zhao¹

1 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
2 Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Center for Spatial Analysis, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
3 Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2016-09-12 Accepted:2017-03-29 Online:2017-04-20 Published:2017-04-20
Contact: Xiao Xiangming

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于2010年50 m空间分辨率森林分布图, 我们利用森林破碎化模型制作了中国森林6个不同破碎化类型 (内部森林、孔洞森林、边缘森林、斑块森林、过渡森林和未确定森林)的空间分布图。然后结合2010年中国行政区划图, 对比分析了不同尺度行政区域的森林破碎化情况。结果表明: 在国家尺度上, 斑块森林的比例最大(49.05%), 内部森林的比例最小(3.40%); 在区域尺度上, 东北地区森林破碎化程度最低, 西南地区森林破碎化程度次之, 华北平原、华中地区、山东半岛、黄淮海平原的森林破碎化程度最高; 在省级尺度上, 上海市森林破碎化程度最高, 天津市次之, 云南省及黑龙江省森林破碎化程度较低; 在县级尺度上, 陕西省所属的县森林破碎化程度最低。由此可知, 总体上我国森林破碎化情况较为严重, 但不同森林破碎化类型的空间分布存在较大差异。本研究可为各级林业部门管理森林资源以及优化林业生产和森林空间格局中提供数据支持, 提高森林的生态系统服务功能和生物多样性保护功能。

关键词: 中国, 森林破碎化, 破碎化模型, 多尺度, 比例分布

Abstract

We used the forest fragmentation model to assess forest fragmentation in China based on a 50-m forest cover map in 2010. Six different fragmentation types including interior forest, perforated forest, edge forest, patch forest, transitional forest and undetermined were obtained. We reported the forest fragmentation status in different administration scales (by country, province, and county) based on Chinese administration boundary map of 2010, At the national scale, the patch forest accounted for the largest proportion (49.05%), while the interior forest was the smallest (3.40%). At the regional scale, Northeast China had the lowest forest fragmentation, while Southwest China had moderate forest fragmentation. The highest forest fragmentation areas were mainly distributed in the North China Plain, Central China, Shandong Peninsula and the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. At the provincial scale, the highest forest fragmentation was located in Shanghai and Tianjin, and the lowest forest fragmentation was located in Yunnan Province and Heilongjiang Province. At the county scale, the lowest forest fragmentation was located in counties in Shaanxi Province. Overall, our results have clearly shown that forest fragmentation occurs extensively and varies substantially over China in 2010. Our study will provide data support for the forestry administrative sector to conduct better forest management and to optimize forestry production and forest spatial patterns, which can improve forest ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation.

Key words: China, forest fragmentation, fragmentation model, multi-scale, distribution ratio

李瑶, 肖向明, 李香萍, 马俊, 陈帮乾, 秦元伟, 董金玮, 赵斌 (2017) 中国森林破碎化多尺度评价. 生物多样性, 25, 372-381. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016257.

Yao Li, Xiangming Xiao, Xiangping Li, Jun Ma, Bangqian Chen, Yuanwei Qin, Jinwei Dong, Bin Zhao (2017) Multi-scale assessments of forest fragmentation in China. Biodiversity Science, 25, 372-381. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016257.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2016257

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2017/V25/I4/372

图/表 9

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类型 Type	判定标准 Criterion	说明 Description
斑块森林Patch forest	P_f < 0.4	森林密度小于40% Forest density is less than 40%
过渡森林Transitional forest	0.4 < P_f < 0.6	森林密度介于40-60%之间 Forest density is between 40% and 60%
孔洞森林Perforated forest	P_f > 0.6, P_f - P_ff > 0	森林密度大于60%且森林密度大于森林连接度 Forest density is greater than 60%, and forest density is greater than forest connectivity
未确定Undetermined	P_f > 0.6, P_f = P_ff	森林密度大于60%且森林密度等于森林连接度 Forest density is greater than 60%, and forest density is equal to forest connectivity
边缘森林Edge forest	P_f > 0.6, P_f - P_ff < 0	森林密度大于60%且森林密度小于森林连接度 Forest density is greater than 60%, and forest density is less than forest connectivity
内部森林Interior forest	P_f = 1	森林密度为100%, 亦可称作完整森林 Forest density is 100%, and also can be known as complete forest

类型 Type	判定标准 Criterion	说明 Description
斑块森林Patch forest	P_f < 0.4	森林密度小于40% Forest density is less than 40%
过渡森林Transitional forest	0.4 < P_f < 0.6	森林密度介于40-60%之间 Forest density is between 40% and 60%
孔洞森林Perforated forest	P_f > 0.6, P_f - P_ff > 0	森林密度大于60%且森林密度大于森林连接度 Forest density is greater than 60%, and forest density is greater than forest connectivity
未确定Undetermined	P_f > 0.6, P_f = P_ff	森林密度大于60%且森林密度等于森林连接度 Forest density is greater than 60%, and forest density is equal to forest connectivity
边缘森林Edge forest	P_f > 0.6, P_f - P_ff < 0	森林密度大于60%且森林密度小于森林连接度 Forest density is greater than 60%, and forest density is less than forest connectivity
内部森林Interior forest	P_f = 1	森林密度为100%, 亦可称作完整森林 Forest density is 100%, and also can be known as complete forest

省/区名 Province/region	森林面积 Forest area (km²)	斑块 Patch (%)	过渡 Transitional (%)	孔洞 Perforated (%)	未确定 Undetermined (%)	边缘 Edge (%)	内部 Interior (%)
黑龙江 Heilongjiang	278,034.73	38.37	8.75	36.66	0.03	6.72	9.47
四川 Sichuan	248,583.13	44.11	17.64	16.43	0.05	19.31	2.45
云南 Yunnan	230,131.73	26.36	16.97	28.85	0.08	23.68	4.07
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	203,160.96	40.83	8.23	29.78	0.03	9.31	11.82
广西 Guangxi	143,319.58	35.14	21.25	23.28	0.07	19.36	0.90
湖南 Hunan	129,880.06	45.96	18.98	18.73	0.06	15.47	0.80
西藏 Tibet	129,673.51	46.02	12.04	20.13	0.05	17.61	4.16
湖北 Hubei	112,266.81	48.38	14.23	19.61	0.06	16.29	1.43
吉林 Jilin	110,053.89	40.54	8.88	30.63	0.03	8.40	11.53
贵州 Guizhou	108,704.03	42.62	23.62	15.04	0.06	18.25	0.41
广东 Guangdong	104,709.11	42.96	17.26	23.52	0.05	14.57	1.64
河北 Hebei	100,720.87	80.48	10.36	4.26	0.01	4.79	0.09
江西 Jiangxi	99,898.31	41.00	16.86	26.79	0.06	14.06	1.22
河南 Henan	94,811.72	78.71	9.11	6.68	0.02	5.20	0.28
陕西 Shaanxi	94,132.33	37.28	15.27	23.91	0.08	21.16	2.30
新疆 Xinjiang	92,699.24	82.77	9.09	3.21	0.01	4.69	0.23
辽宁 Liaoning	92,018.43	63.95	12.83	13.19	0.03	8.41	1.59
山东 Shandong	87,139.80	86.88	8.34	2.66	0.01	1.97	0.14
安徽 Anhui	82,906.74	64.96	11.50	15.03	0.03	7.91	0.56
福建 Fujian	75,164.76	23.26	17.66	34.36	0.10	22.32	2.30
甘肃 Gansu	65,808.05	64.72	11.12	10.43	0.04	12.62	1.07
浙江 Zhejiang	63,367.31	33.64	16.58	28.96	0.09	19.58	1.15
山西 Shanxi	60,692.29	69.90	10.23	9.75	0.03	9.05	1.04
江苏 Jiangsu	54,259.88	91.24	5.78	2.08	0.00	0.80	0.09
重庆 Chongqing	52,634.41	48.84	18.81	14.60	0.06	16.83	0.86
青海 Qinghai	31,309.74	88.00	5.87	1.92	0.01	4.07	0.14
台湾 Taiwan	21,229.70	29.32	12.55	32.94	0.07	19.56	5.55
海南 Hainan	19,339.76	39.06	16.26	30.83	0.05	9.98	3.81
北京 Beijing	11,312.26	58.65	15.41	11.62	0.04	13.48	0.80
宁夏 Ningxia	5,206.68	89.40	4.68	2.74	0.00	2.98	0.19
天津 Tianjin	4,805.12	92.54	4.41	1.59	0.00	1.39	0.08
上海 Shanghai	3,421.85	93.68	5.66	0.63	0.00	0.03	0.00
香港 Hong Kong	627.35	38.25	16.37	18.79	0.00	20.27	6.33

省/区名 Province/region	森林面积 Forest area (km²)	斑块 Patch (%)	过渡 Transitional (%)	孔洞 Perforated (%)	未确定 Undetermined (%)	边缘 Edge (%)	内部 Interior (%)
黑龙江 Heilongjiang	278,034.73	38.37	8.75	36.66	0.03	6.72	9.47
四川 Sichuan	248,583.13	44.11	17.64	16.43	0.05	19.31	2.45
云南 Yunnan	230,131.73	26.36	16.97	28.85	0.08	23.68	4.07
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	203,160.96	40.83	8.23	29.78	0.03	9.31	11.82
广西 Guangxi	143,319.58	35.14	21.25	23.28	0.07	19.36	0.90
湖南 Hunan	129,880.06	45.96	18.98	18.73	0.06	15.47	0.80
西藏 Tibet	129,673.51	46.02	12.04	20.13	0.05	17.61	4.16
湖北 Hubei	112,266.81	48.38	14.23	19.61	0.06	16.29	1.43
吉林 Jilin	110,053.89	40.54	8.88	30.63	0.03	8.40	11.53
贵州 Guizhou	108,704.03	42.62	23.62	15.04	0.06	18.25	0.41
广东 Guangdong	104,709.11	42.96	17.26	23.52	0.05	14.57	1.64
河北 Hebei	100,720.87	80.48	10.36	4.26	0.01	4.79	0.09
江西 Jiangxi	99,898.31	41.00	16.86	26.79	0.06	14.06	1.22
河南 Henan	94,811.72	78.71	9.11	6.68	0.02	5.20	0.28
陕西 Shaanxi	94,132.33	37.28	15.27	23.91	0.08	21.16	2.30
新疆 Xinjiang	92,699.24	82.77	9.09	3.21	0.01	4.69	0.23
辽宁 Liaoning	92,018.43	63.95	12.83	13.19	0.03	8.41	1.59
山东 Shandong	87,139.80	86.88	8.34	2.66	0.01	1.97	0.14
安徽 Anhui	82,906.74	64.96	11.50	15.03	0.03	7.91	0.56
福建 Fujian	75,164.76	23.26	17.66	34.36	0.10	22.32	2.30
甘肃 Gansu	65,808.05	64.72	11.12	10.43	0.04	12.62	1.07
浙江 Zhejiang	63,367.31	33.64	16.58	28.96	0.09	19.58	1.15
山西 Shanxi	60,692.29	69.90	10.23	9.75	0.03	9.05	1.04
江苏 Jiangsu	54,259.88	91.24	5.78	2.08	0.00	0.80	0.09
重庆 Chongqing	52,634.41	48.84	18.81	14.60	0.06	16.83	0.86
青海 Qinghai	31,309.74	88.00	5.87	1.92	0.01	4.07	0.14
台湾 Taiwan	21,229.70	29.32	12.55	32.94	0.07	19.56	5.55
海南 Hainan	19,339.76	39.06	16.26	30.83	0.05	9.98	3.81
北京 Beijing	11,312.26	58.65	15.41	11.62	0.04	13.48	0.80
宁夏 Ningxia	5,206.68	89.40	4.68	2.74	0.00	2.98	0.19
天津 Tianjin	4,805.12	92.54	4.41	1.59	0.00	1.39	0.08
上海 Shanghai	3,421.85	93.68	5.66	0.63	0.00	0.03	0.00
香港 Hong Kong	627.35	38.25	16.37	18.79	0.00	20.27	6.33

县/市名 County/city	百分比 %
斑块森林 Patch forest
陕西省留坝县 Liuba, Shaanxi	3.80
陕西省佛坪县 Foping, Shaanxi	3.93
海南省琼中黎族苗族自治县 Qiongzhong, Hainan	4.41
云南省勐腊县 Mengla, Yunnan	5.52
黑龙江省伊春市市辖区 Yichun, Heilongjiang	5.62
陕西省宁陕县 Ningshan, Shaanxi	6.43
云南省江城哈尼族彝族自治县 Jiangcheng, Yunnan	6.45
海南省五指山市 Wuzhishan, Hainan	6.73
陕西省镇坪县 Zhenping, Shaanxi	6.85
云南省普洱哈尼族彝族自治县 Puer, Yunnan	7.27
过渡森林 Transitional forest
四川省简阳市 Jianyang, Sichuan	41.01
四川省乐至县 Lezhi, Sichuan	40.89
安徽省砀山县 Dangshan, Anhui	37.69
四川省安岳县 Anyue, Sichuan	37.68
四川省射洪县 Shehong, Sichuan	35.99
四川省盐亭县 Yanting, Sichuan	35.53
四川省三台县 Santai, Sichuan	34.71
四川省西充县 Xichong, Sichuan	33.81
四川省名山县 Mingshan, Sichuan	32.87
四川省攀枝花市 Panzhihua, Sichuan	32.65
孔洞森林 Perforated forest
黑龙江省塔河县 Tahe, Heilongjiang	66.96
海南省琼中黎族苗族自治县 Qiongzhong, Hainan	59.68
黑龙江省伊春市市辖区 Yichun, Heilongjiang	59.28
吉林省安图县 Antu, Jilin	58.32
黑龙江省逊克县 Xunke, Heilongjiang	57.18
黑龙江省呼玛县 Huma, Heilongjiang	57.04
黑龙江省漠河县 Mohe, Heilongjiang	56.98
吉林省抚松县 Fusong, Jilin	56.84
云南省梁河县 Lianghe, Yunnan	55.34
广西省昭平县 Zhaoping, Guangxi	54.01
边缘森林 Edge forest
陕西省石泉县 Shiquan, Shaanxi	36.17
广西省天峨县 Tiane, Guangxi	35.51
陕西省略阳县 Lueyang, Shaanxi	34.46
四川省青川县 Qingchuan, Sichuan	34.45
陕西省镇安县 zhen’an, Shaanxi	33.14
陕西省平利县 Pingli, Shaanxi	33.06
湖北省保康县 Baokang, Hubei	32.86
云南省绿春县 Lvchun, Yunnan	32.63
陕西省留坝县 Liuba, Shaanxi	32.61
陕西省镇坪县 Zhenping, Shaanxi	32.59
内部森林 Interior forest
吉林省和龙市 Helong, Jilin	34.66
黑龙江省海林市 Hailin, Heilongjiang	33.62
黑龙江省铁力市 Tieli, Heilongjiang	32.27
吉林省珲春市 Hunchun, Jilin	30.91
吉林省敦化市 Dunhua, Jilin	28.41
吉林省汪清县 Wangqing, Jilin	27.92
黑龙江省伊春市市辖区 Yichun, Heilongjiang	26.42
黑龙江省通河县 Tonghe, Heilongjiang	25.10
内蒙古额尔古纳市 Argun, Inner Mongolia	23.09
吉林省安图县 Antu, Jilin	19.65

中国森林破碎化多尺度评价

Multi-scale assessments of forest fragmentation in China

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