台湾地区芽胞杆菌物种多样性

doi:10.17520/biods.2016121

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

了解芽胞杆菌资源多样性, 可为芽胞杆菌功能资源挖掘和菌剂开发提供基础。从台湾地区8个市(县)采集土壤样本, 从20份土壤样品中分离获得了136株芽胞杆菌, 采用16S rRNA基因同源性将其鉴定为芽胞杆菌科的2个属、20个种。分别属于芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus)的16个种和赖氨酸芽胞杆菌属(Lysinibacillus)的4个种。根据分离频度分析得知, 台湾地区土壤中的芽胞杆菌优势菌群为阿氏芽胞杆菌(Bacillus aryabhattai)、苏云金芽胞杆菌(B. thuringiensis)和蜡样芽胞杆菌(B. cereus), 其他种类分布极其不均匀。芽胞杆菌Shannon多样性指数为1.2925-2.5850, 最高的为台中市和嘉义市(2.5850), 最低的为桃园县(1.2925)。根据分离频度对芽胞杆菌种类的聚类分析显示, 当欧式距离λ = 20时, 芽胞杆菌种类可分为高频度分布类型如阿氏芽胞杆菌(B. aryabhattai), 低频度分布类型如简单芽胞杆菌(B. simplex)。依据分离频度对8个采样点间的聚类分析未发现采样点间的芽胞杆菌种类分布的相关性。本研究认为台湾地区土壤中蕴藏着丰富芽胞杆菌种类多样性高, 具有很大的开发潜力。

关键词: 芽胞杆菌, 台湾, 16S rRNA基因, 多样性, 种类分布

Abstract

To provide a foundation for new resource mining of Bacillus-like species and the development of microbial agents, we investigated the distribution and diversity of Bacillus-like species, which were isolated from soil samples collected in Taiwan. The Bacillus-like bacteria were isolated from the soil samples using the culturable method and preliminarily identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. A total of 136 Bacillus-like isolates were obtained from 20 soil samples, and identified as 20 species belonging to 2 genera (16 Bacillus species, 4 Lysinibacillus species) within Bacillaceae by 16S rRNA gene sequences. According to isolation frequency analysis, the dominant bacteria in Taiwan were B. aryabhattai, B. thuringiensis and B. cereus. Other bacteria were distributed extremely unevenly. In Taiwan, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranged from 1.2925 to 2.5850, with the highest values found in Taichung and Chiayi cities (both 2.5850), the lowest in Taoyuan County (1.2925). Based on isolation frequency cluster analysis, all the Bacillus-like species could be divided into high frequency groups and low frequency groups. Moreover, there was no correlation in the species distribution of Bacillus-like bacteria among the collection sites in Taiwan. Thus, Taiwan contains rich Bacillus-like species and high diversity, which has strong potential for exploitation in the future.

Key words: Bacillus, Taiwan, 16S rRNA gene, diversity, species distribution

刘国红, 刘波, 朱育菁, 车建美, 葛慈斌, 苏明星, 唐建阳 (2016) 台湾地区芽胞杆菌物种多样性. 生物多样性, 24, 1154-1163. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016121.

Guohong Liu, Bo Liu, Yujing Zhu, Jianmei Che, Cibin Ge, Mingxing Su, Jianyang Tang (2016) Diversity of Bacillus-like species in Taiwan. Biodiversity Science, 24, 1154-1163. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016121.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2016121

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2016/V24/I10/1154

图/表 7

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序号 No	土样编号 Soil no.	市/县 City/county	采集地点 Location	生境类型 Habitat type	采集日期 Collecting date
1	4570	台北市 Taipei City	阳明山花钟 Flower-clock, Yangmingshan	草地 Grassland	2011-08-28
2	4569		阳明山蒋介石雕像 Statue of Chaing Kai-shek, Yangmingshan	草地 Grassland	2011-08-28
3	4568		士林官邸 Chaing Kai-shek Shilin Residence	芭乐树下 Rhizosphere soils of a Guava tree	2011-08-28
4	4566		士林官邸 Chaing Kai-shek Shilin Residence	白千层树下 Rhizosphere soils of Melaleuca alternifolia	2011-08-28
5	4567		士林官邸 Chaing Kai-shek Shilin Residence	草地 Grassland	2011-08-28
6	4559	桃园县 Taoyuan County	慈湖石像 Stone in Tzuhu	裸土 Bare soil	2011-08-27
7	4561		慈湖蒋寝 Chiang Kai-shek Bedroom in Tzuhu	裸土 Bare soil	2011-08-27
8	4564		桃园大溪 Ta-Hsi town, Taoyuan	九里香根际 Rhizosphere soils of Murraya paniculata	2011-08-27
9	4562		慈湖 Tzuhu	黄花槐 Rhizosphere soils of Sophora xanthantha	2011-08-27
10	4575		中坜高速休息区 Highway resting area, Chungli, Taoyuan	裸土 Bare soil	2011-08-29
11	4574	新竹县 Hsinchu County	新竹食品研究所 Institute of Food Research, Hsinchu	草地 Grassland	2011-08-29
12	4576	苗栗县 Miaoli County	西湖高速休息区 Highway resting area, Xizi Bay Spot, Kaohsiung	裸土 Bare soil	2011-08-30
13	4572	台中市 Taichung City	台湾大学农学院 College of Agriculture, Taiwan University	草地 Grassland	2011-08-29
14	4582	南投县 Nantou County	中台寺 Chung Tai Template	林地 Forest land	2011-08-27
15	4577		日月潭 Sun-Moon Lake	草地 Grassland	2011-08-30
16	4579		日月潭宏观寺 Soils at Hongguan Temple, Sun-Moon Lake	草地 Grassland	2011-08-30
17	4583		台一农场 Tai Yi Farm, Nantou	草地 Grassland	2011-08-31
18	4580	嘉义市 Chiayi City	嘉义大学 Chiayi University	草地 Grassland	2011-08-31
19	4587	高雄市 Kaohsiung City	高雄农友种业 Kaohsiung Nongyou Seeding	草地 Grassland	2011-09-01
20	4585	高雄市 Kaohsiung City	高雄农友种业 Kaohsiung Nongyou Seeding	草地 Grassland	2011-09-01

序号 No	土样编号 Soil no.	市/县 City/county	采集地点 Location	生境类型 Habitat type	采集日期 Collecting date
1	4570	台北市 Taipei City	阳明山花钟 Flower-clock, Yangmingshan	草地 Grassland	2011-08-28
2	4569		阳明山蒋介石雕像 Statue of Chaing Kai-shek, Yangmingshan	草地 Grassland	2011-08-28
3	4568		士林官邸 Chaing Kai-shek Shilin Residence	芭乐树下 Rhizosphere soils of a Guava tree	2011-08-28
4	4566		士林官邸 Chaing Kai-shek Shilin Residence	白千层树下 Rhizosphere soils of Melaleuca alternifolia	2011-08-28
5	4567		士林官邸 Chaing Kai-shek Shilin Residence	草地 Grassland	2011-08-28
6	4559	桃园县 Taoyuan County	慈湖石像 Stone in Tzuhu	裸土 Bare soil	2011-08-27
7	4561		慈湖蒋寝 Chiang Kai-shek Bedroom in Tzuhu	裸土 Bare soil	2011-08-27
8	4564		桃园大溪 Ta-Hsi town, Taoyuan	九里香根际 Rhizosphere soils of Murraya paniculata	2011-08-27
9	4562		慈湖 Tzuhu	黄花槐 Rhizosphere soils of Sophora xanthantha	2011-08-27
10	4575		中坜高速休息区 Highway resting area, Chungli, Taoyuan	裸土 Bare soil	2011-08-29
11	4574	新竹县 Hsinchu County	新竹食品研究所 Institute of Food Research, Hsinchu	草地 Grassland	2011-08-29
12	4576	苗栗县 Miaoli County	西湖高速休息区 Highway resting area, Xizi Bay Spot, Kaohsiung	裸土 Bare soil	2011-08-30
13	4572	台中市 Taichung City	台湾大学农学院 College of Agriculture, Taiwan University	草地 Grassland	2011-08-29
14	4582	南投县 Nantou County	中台寺 Chung Tai Template	林地 Forest land	2011-08-27
15	4577		日月潭 Sun-Moon Lake	草地 Grassland	2011-08-30
16	4579		日月潭宏观寺 Soils at Hongguan Temple, Sun-Moon Lake	草地 Grassland	2011-08-30
17	4583		台一农场 Tai Yi Farm, Nantou	草地 Grassland	2011-08-31
18	4580	嘉义市 Chiayi City	嘉义大学 Chiayi University	草地 Grassland	2011-08-31
19	4587	高雄市 Kaohsiung City	高雄农友种业 Kaohsiung Nongyou Seeding	草地 Grassland	2011-09-01
20	4585	高雄市 Kaohsiung City	高雄农友种业 Kaohsiung Nongyou Seeding	草地 Grassland	2011-09-01

代表菌株 Strain	最相近菌种 Closed match	16S rRNA登录号 16S rRNA accession no.	相似性 Similarity (%)
FJAT-14427	假蕈状芽胞杆菌 Bacillus pseudomycoides	KC013911	100
FJAT-14428	黄海芽胞杆菌 Bacillus marisflavi	KC013912	99.71
FJAT-14429	朝日芽胞杆菌 Bacillus asahii	KC013913	99.87
FJAT-14435	简单芽胞杆菌 Bacillus simplex	KC013914	100
FJAT-14438	解木糖赖氨酸芽胞杆菌 Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus	KC013915	99.86
FJAT-14439	阿氏芽胞杆菌 Bacillus aryabhattai	KC013916	100
FJAT-14454	枯草芽胞杆菌 Bacillus subtilis	KC013931	99.89
FJAT-14481	蕈状芽胞杆菌 Bacillus mycoides	KC013917	97.98
FJAT-14485	长赖氨酸芽胞杆菌 Lysinibacillus macroides	KC013918	99.37
FJAT-14491	嗜气芽胞杆菌 Bacillus aerophilus	KC013919	100
FJAT-14498	壁芽胞杆菌 Bacillus muralis	KC013920	100
FJAT-14510	纺锤形赖氨酸芽胞杆菌 Lysinibacillus fusiformis	KC013921	100
FJAT-14535	土壤芽胞杆菌 Bacillus soli	KC013922	98.51
FJAT-14559	婴儿芽胞杆菌 Bacillus infantis	KC013923	99.81
FJAT-14564	球形赖氨酸芽胞杆菌 Lysinibacillus sphaericus	KC013925	98.81
FJAT-14586	苏云金芽胞杆菌 Bacillus thuringiensis	KC013926	100
FJAT-14602	坚强芽胞杆菌 Bacillus firmus	KC013927	98.86
FJAT-14603	海洋沉积芽胞杆菌 Bacillus oceanisediminis	KC013928	98.95
FJAT-14607	病研所芽胞杆菌 Bacillus idriensis	KC013929	100
FJAT-14613	蜡样芽胞杆菌 Bacillus cereus	KC013930	100

代表菌株 Strain	最相近菌种 Closed match	16S rRNA登录号 16S rRNA accession no.	相似性 Similarity (%)
FJAT-14427	假蕈状芽胞杆菌 Bacillus pseudomycoides	KC013911	100
FJAT-14428	黄海芽胞杆菌 Bacillus marisflavi	KC013912	99.71
FJAT-14429	朝日芽胞杆菌 Bacillus asahii	KC013913	99.87
FJAT-14435	简单芽胞杆菌 Bacillus simplex	KC013914	100
FJAT-14438	解木糖赖氨酸芽胞杆菌 Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus	KC013915	99.86
FJAT-14439	阿氏芽胞杆菌 Bacillus aryabhattai	KC013916	100
FJAT-14454	枯草芽胞杆菌 Bacillus subtilis	KC013931	99.89
FJAT-14481	蕈状芽胞杆菌 Bacillus mycoides	KC013917	97.98
FJAT-14485	长赖氨酸芽胞杆菌 Lysinibacillus macroides	KC013918	99.37
FJAT-14491	嗜气芽胞杆菌 Bacillus aerophilus	KC013919	100
FJAT-14498	壁芽胞杆菌 Bacillus muralis	KC013920	100
FJAT-14510	纺锤形赖氨酸芽胞杆菌 Lysinibacillus fusiformis	KC013921	100
FJAT-14535	土壤芽胞杆菌 Bacillus soli	KC013922	98.51
FJAT-14559	婴儿芽胞杆菌 Bacillus infantis	KC013923	99.81
FJAT-14564	球形赖氨酸芽胞杆菌 Lysinibacillus sphaericus	KC013925	98.81
FJAT-14586	苏云金芽胞杆菌 Bacillus thuringiensis	KC013926	100
FJAT-14602	坚强芽胞杆菌 Bacillus firmus	KC013927	98.86
FJAT-14603	海洋沉积芽胞杆菌 Bacillus oceanisediminis	KC013928	98.95
FJAT-14607	病研所芽胞杆菌 Bacillus idriensis	KC013929	100
FJAT-14613	蜡样芽胞杆菌 Bacillus cereus	KC013930	100

种名 Species	台北市 Taipei City	桃园县 Taoyuan County	新竹县 Hsinchu County	苗栗县 Miaoli County	南投县 Nantou County	台中市 Taichung City	嘉义市 Chiayi City	高雄市 Kaohsiung City	总体 Total
阿氏芽胞杆菌 Bacillus aryabhattai	100	100	0	0	75	100	0	100	85
苏云金芽胞杆菌 B. thuringiensis	80	80	100	100	75	100	100	50	75
蜡样芽胞杆菌 B. cereus	20	80	0	0	25	100	100	0	55
假蕈状芽胞杆菌 B. pseudomycoides	60	20	0	0	0	0	100	100	35
解木糖赖氨酸芽胞杆菌 Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus	20	40	0	0	25	0	0	0	25
纺锤形赖氨酸芽胞杆菌 L. fusiformis	0	20	100	0	0	100	0	50	15
壁芽胞杆菌 B. muralis	0	20	100	0	0	0	0	0	10
黄海芽胞杆菌 B. marisflavi	20	0	100	0	0	0	0	0	10
坚强芽胞杆菌 B. firmus	0	0	0	100	0	0	100	0	10
简单芽胞杆菌 B. simplex	40	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
土壤芽胞杆菌 B. soli	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	0	10
蕈状芽胞杆菌 B. mycoides	0	0	0	0	25	0	0	0	5
朝日芽胞杆菌 B. asahii	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5
枯草芽胞杆菌 B. subtilis	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5
嗜气芽胞杆菌 B. aerophilus	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	0	5
L. macroides	0	0	0	100	0	0	0	0	5
婴儿芽胞杆菌 B. infantis	0	0	0	100	0	0	0	0	5
球形赖氨酸芽胞杆菌 L. sphaericus	0	0	0	0	25	0	0	0	5
病研所芽胞杆菌 B. idriensis	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	5
海洋沉积芽胞杆菌 B. oceanisediminis	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	5