生物多样性 ›› 2016, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (4): 421-430. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015300
所属专题: 中国西南干旱河谷的植物多样性
收稿日期:
2015-11-01
接受日期:
2016-02-02
出版日期:
2016-04-20
发布日期:
2016-05-11
通讯作者:
沈泽昊
基金资助:
Jie Han1, Zehao Shen1,*(), Songlin Shi2,3, Peihao Peng2
Received:
2015-11-01
Accepted:
2016-02-02
Online:
2016-04-20
Published:
2016-05-11
Contact:
Shen Zehao
摘要:
干旱河谷植被是我国西南横断山区的一类特殊的隐域性生态系统, 影响不同河谷之间植物群落差异的因素与作用大小尚不清楚。本研究调查了四川省雅砻江和大渡河流域干旱河谷段植被组成, 并比较了两个地区在植物多样性上的差别。结果表明: (1)影响两个地区植被类型的主要因素不同, 雅砻江干旱河谷植被主要受海拔和地形(坡度和坡向)影响, 大渡河干旱河谷植被主要受年平均降水量影响。(2)雅砻江和大渡河干旱河谷植物物种丰富度均随着年均温升高而降低。(3)坡向由北至南, 雅砻江干旱河谷灌木、草本物种丰富度减小, 而大渡河干旱河谷灌木、草本丰富度增加。(4)坡度越大, 雅砻江和大渡河干旱河谷灌木的丰富度越高。(5)雅砻江、大渡河干旱河谷植物β多样性受环境距离影响大, 受地理距离影响小。两条江植被间地理隔离效应约为地理距离产生差异的5倍。本研究弥补了干旱河谷研究中对于雅砻江和大渡河干旱河谷植物多样性研究的空白, 为相关区域植被保护提供了参考信息, 同时还为定量估计地理隔离效应对区域间生物多样性差异的影响提供了可行方法。
韩杰, 沈泽昊, 石松林, 彭培好 (2016) 雅砻江和大渡河干旱河谷植被物种多样性比较:气候、地形与空间的影响. 生物多样性, 24, 421-430. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015300.
Jie Han, Zehao Shen, Songlin Shi, Peihao Peng (2016) Comparison of plant species diversity and composition in the dry valleys of Yalong River and Dadu River: evaluating the effects of climate, topography and space. Biodiversity Science, 24, 421-430. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015300.
年均温 Mean annual temperature | 坡向 Aspect | 坡度 Slope | 河流解释 River explanation | 限制性最大似然估计 REML criterion | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
灌木层 Shrub layer | 雅砻江 The Yalong River | -0.202** | -0.747** | 0.020* | 92.10% | 76.1 |
大渡河 The Dadu River | -0.432** | 1.005** | 0.016* | |||
草本层 Herb layer | 雅砻江 The Yalong River | -0.537** | -0.687** | - | 92.20% | 104.9 |
大渡河 The Dadu River | -0.969** | 1.451** | - |
表1 雅砻江和大渡河干旱河谷植物丰富度的混合效应模型模拟结果
Table 1 The mixed-effect model estimated for plant richness in dry valleys of the Yalong River and the Dadu River
年均温 Mean annual temperature | 坡向 Aspect | 坡度 Slope | 河流解释 River explanation | 限制性最大似然估计 REML criterion | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
灌木层 Shrub layer | 雅砻江 The Yalong River | -0.202** | -0.747** | 0.020* | 92.10% | 76.1 |
大渡河 The Dadu River | -0.432** | 1.005** | 0.016* | |||
草本层 Herb layer | 雅砻江 The Yalong River | -0.537** | -0.687** | - | 92.20% | 104.9 |
大渡河 The Dadu River | -0.969** | 1.451** | - |
群落类型 Community type | 河流 River | 海拔 Elevation (m) | 灌木密度 Shrub density (/100 m2) | 草本密度 Herb density (/100 m2) | 植被型 Vegetation type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
类型A Type A | 大渡河 The Dadu River | 1,200 | 9 ± 4 | 41 ± 10 | 亚热带针阔叶混交林Coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest in subtropical |
类型B Type B | 大渡河-雅砻江 The Dadu River-the Yalong River | 1,400 | 3 ± 1 | 19 ± 3 | 暖性落叶阔叶灌丛 Warm deciduous broadleaved shrub |
类型C Type C | 雅砻江 The Yalong River | 2,600 | 4 ± 2 | 21 ± 4 | 暖性落叶阔叶灌丛 Warm deciduous broadleaved shrub |
类型D Type D | 雅砻江 The Yalong River | 2,700 | 6 ± 3 | 26 ± 6 | 暖性落叶阔叶灌丛 Warm deciduous broadleaved shrub |
类型E Type E | 雅砻江 The Yalong River | 2,500 | 4 ± 1 | 25 ± 7 | 暖性落叶阔叶灌丛 Warm deciduous broadleaved shrub |
表2 雅砻江和大渡河干旱河谷植物群落类型特征(平均值±标准差)
Table 2 The features of community types in dry valleys of the Yalong River and the Dadu River (mean ± SD)
群落类型 Community type | 河流 River | 海拔 Elevation (m) | 灌木密度 Shrub density (/100 m2) | 草本密度 Herb density (/100 m2) | 植被型 Vegetation type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
类型A Type A | 大渡河 The Dadu River | 1,200 | 9 ± 4 | 41 ± 10 | 亚热带针阔叶混交林Coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest in subtropical |
类型B Type B | 大渡河-雅砻江 The Dadu River-the Yalong River | 1,400 | 3 ± 1 | 19 ± 3 | 暖性落叶阔叶灌丛 Warm deciduous broadleaved shrub |
类型C Type C | 雅砻江 The Yalong River | 2,600 | 4 ± 2 | 21 ± 4 | 暖性落叶阔叶灌丛 Warm deciduous broadleaved shrub |
类型D Type D | 雅砻江 The Yalong River | 2,700 | 6 ± 3 | 26 ± 6 | 暖性落叶阔叶灌丛 Warm deciduous broadleaved shrub |
类型E Type E | 雅砻江 The Yalong River | 2,500 | 4 ± 1 | 25 ± 7 | 暖性落叶阔叶灌丛 Warm deciduous broadleaved shrub |
图3 雅砻江和大渡河干旱河谷植物TWINSPAN群落分类图。(+)表示与分类聚组正相关,(-)表示与分类聚组负相关。
Fig. 3 Diagram of TWINSPAN for community classification in dry valleys of the Yalong River and the Dadu River. (+) means it is positive relation with classification, (-) means it is negative relation with classification.
图4 雅砻江和大渡河干旱河谷植物群落的CCA排序。群落类型A、B、C、D、E含义同图3。
Fig. 4 The CCA ordination for plant communities in dry valleys of the Yalong River and the Dadu River. MAP, Mean annual precipitation; PDQ, Precipitation in driest quarter. The meaning of Type A, B, C, D and E are the same as in Fig. 3.
图5 雅砻江和大渡河干旱河谷地理隔离效应曲线。相关系数指的是Jaccard相似性系数矩阵与地理距离矩阵的相关系数。
Fig. 5 The geographical isolation curve in dry valleys of the Yalong River and the Dadu River. R means the correlation coefficient between Jaccard similarity index matrix and geography distance matrix.
距离矩阵 Distance matrices | R | P |
---|---|---|
环境 Environmental | -0.727 | 0.001 |
环境|地理距离 Environmental | Geographical distance | -0.543 | 0.001 |
环境|5倍地理距离 Environments | 5 × Geographical distance | -0.401 | 0.002 |
地理距离 Geographical distance | -0.576 | 0.001 |
地理距离|环境 Geographical distance | Environments | -0.013 | 0.513 |
5 ×地理距离|环境 5 × Geographical distance | Environments | -0.451 | 0.001 |
表3 雅砻江和大渡河干旱河谷植物物种构成相似性Mantel检验及偏Mantel检验
Table 3 The results of Mantel test and partial Mantel test for similarities of plant species composition between dry valleys of the Yalong River and the Dadu River
距离矩阵 Distance matrices | R | P |
---|---|---|
环境 Environmental | -0.727 | 0.001 |
环境|地理距离 Environmental | Geographical distance | -0.543 | 0.001 |
环境|5倍地理距离 Environments | 5 × Geographical distance | -0.401 | 0.002 |
地理距离 Geographical distance | -0.576 | 0.001 |
地理距离|环境 Geographical distance | Environments | -0.013 | 0.513 |
5 ×地理距离|环境 5 × Geographical distance | Environments | -0.451 | 0.001 |
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