亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林植物功能性状的种间和种内变异

doi:10.17520/biods.2015200

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

不同物种间的功能性状差异是自然生态系统中物种共存的基础, 而物种内个体间的性状变异对物种的共存和分布同样具有重要作用。本文以湖北星斗山自然保护区亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林内28种主要树种(通过物种多度排序获得, 其中常绿和落叶树种各14种)为研究对象, 探讨不同叶习性树种的4种功能性状(比叶面积、叶干物质含量、叶面积和比茎密度)在种间和种内的差异程度。结果表明: (1)常绿和落叶树种在4种功能性状上均存在显著差异, 常绿树种的比叶面积和叶面积显著低于落叶树种, 但叶干物质含量和比茎密度则显著高于落叶树种; (2)比叶面积的变化主要来源于叶习性(57.49%), 叶面积变化主要来源于种间(66.80%)和种内变异(27.52%), 叶干物质含量的变化主要来源于种间(38.12%)和种内(33.88%)变异, 但比茎密度的变化主要来源于种内变异(51.50%), 其次为种间变异(32.52%); (3)常绿和落叶树种种间水平的性状相关性可能掩盖各功能性状之间的相关性。种内变异能够显著影响群落间的植物功能性状差异, 但不同功能性状的种内变异程度存在差异。

关键词: 功能性状, 变异系数, 种间变异, 种内变异, 常绿落叶植物, 叶习性

Abstract:

Interspecific variation in plant functional traits is the basis of species coexistence in natural ecosystems. However, intraspecific variation is also extremely important for community assemblage and distribution. Here, we sampled 28 dominant tree species with two different leaf forms (14 evergreen species and 14 deciduous species, respectively, obtained by species abundance ranking) in a subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest in Hubei Xingdoushan National Nature Reserve. Differences in interspecific and intraspecific variations of four functional traits were explored, including specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf area (LA), and stem specific density (SSD). Results demonstrated that: (1) There were significant differences in the four functional traits between evergreen and deciduous trees. The SLA and LA of evergreen species were significantly lower than those of deciduous species, but LDMC and SSD showed the opposite pattern; (2) Leaf habit was the main source (57.49%) for variation of SLA. Interspecific variability (66.80%) played an important role in LA than intraspecific variability (27.52%). LDMC variation was contributed relatively evenly by interspecific (38.12%) and intraspecific (33.88%) variability. On the contrary, the variation in SSD was explained more by intraspecific (51.50%) than interspecific (32.52%) variability; (3) Correlations of different functional traits on intraspecific levels of both evergreen and deciduous trees were higher than those found for interspecific levels. Our results showed that the variation of functional traits between communities could be influenced significantly by intraspecific variability. However, there were differences in the degree of variation of different functional traits.

Key words: functional trait, coefficient of variation, interspecific variability, intraspecific variability, evergreen and deciduous plants, leaf habit

唐青青, 黄永涛, 丁易, 臧润国. 亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林植物功能性状的种间和种内变异[J]. 生物多样性, 2016, 24(3): 262-270.

Qingqing Tang, Yongtao Huang, Yi Ding, Runguo Zang. Interspecific and intraspecific variation in functional traits of subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2016, 24(3): 262-270.

图/表 4

图1 星斗山常绿落叶阔叶混交林常绿和落叶树种4个功能性状箱式图。圆点代表植物个体性状值。落叶树种: 1-14; 常绿树种: 15-28。

Fig. 1 Boxplot of 4 plant functional traits value for evergreen and deciduous tree species of evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest in Xingdoushan. The dot represents the trait value of plant individual. 1-14: Deciduous trees; 15 to 28: Evergreen trees; 1, Symplocos paniculata; 2, Viburnum setigerum; 3, Enkianthus serrulatus; 4, Carpinus fargesiana; 5, Bothrocaryum controversum; 6, Liquidambar formosana; 7, Fagus lucida; 8, Clethra fargesii; 9, Lindera glauca; 10, Sorbus folgneri; 11, Weigela japonica; 12, Euscaphis japonica; 13, Ficus heteromorpha; 14, Castanea henryi; 15, Lithocarpus cleistocarpus; 16, Symplocos anomala; 17, Symplocos phyllocalyx; 18, Eurya alata; 19, Cyclobalanopsis multinervis; 20, Litsea elongata; 21, Dendrobenthamia angustata; 22, Daphniphyllum macropodum; 23, Machilus lichuanensis; 24, Lithocarpus henryi; 25, Cyclobalanopsis glauca; 26, Viburnum erosum; 27, Nothopanax davidii; 28, Rhododendron stamineum. SLA, Specific leaf area; LDMC, Leaf dry matter content; LA, Lamina area; SSD, Stem specific density.

图2 星斗山常绿落叶阔叶混交林常绿和落叶树种不同叶习性的植物功能性状变异系数。圆圈代表物种平均性状值, 柱状图代表物种间的变异系数, 箱式图代表物种个体之间的变异系数。

Fig. 2 Coefficient of variation of plant functional traits for plant species with different leaf habits of evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest in Xingdoushan. The circle represents the average trait value of the species. Histograms represent interspecific coefficient of variation and box figures represent intraspecific coefficient of variation. D: Deciduous trees; E: Evergreen trees; SLA, Specific leaf area; LDMC, Leaf dry matter content; LA, Lamina area; SSD, Stem specific density.

表1 叶习性、种间及种内对不同植物功能性状变异的贡献

Table 1 Contributions of leaf habit, interspecific and intraspecific to different plant functional traits variation

性状 Trait	贡献百分比 Percentage of contribution (%)
性状 Trait	叶习性 Leaf habit	种间 Interspecific	种内 Intraspecific	随机误差 Random error
比叶面积 Specific leaf area 叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content 叶面积 Lamina area 比茎密度 Stem specific density 平均值 Mean	57.49 21.92 0.33 7.52 21.81	12.47 38.12 66.80 32.52 37.48	25.51 33.88 27.52 51.50 34.60	4.53 6.08 5.35 8.46 6.11

表2 常绿和落叶树种种间和种内水平性状相关性

Table 2 Trait correlation of evergreen and deciduous plants between interspecific and intraspecific level

性状 Trait	种间 Interspecific level				种内(胸径作为协变量的偏相关系数) Intraspecific (Partial correlation rates of DBH as covariate)
性状 Trait	SLA	LDMC	LA	SSD	SLA	LDMC	LA	SSD
落叶树种 Deciduous plant
比叶面积 Specific leaf area (SLA)	1.00				1.00
叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content (LDMC)	-0.50	1.00			-0.40^*(-0.40^*)	1.00
叶面积 Lamina area (LA)	0.14	-0.57^*	1.00		0.03 (0.03)	-0.36^*(-0.35^)	1.00
比茎密度 Stem specific density (SSD)	-0.06	0.45	-0.42	1.00	-0.03 (-0.03)	0.26^*(0.22^)	-0.23^*(-0.18^*)	1.00
常绿树种 Evergreen plant
比叶面积 SLA	1.00				1.00
叶干物质含量 LDMC	-0.54^*	1.00			-0.49^* (-0.48^*)	1.00
叶面积 LA	-0.25	-0.09	1.00		-0.14^*** (-0.10^*)	-0.06 (-0.02^**)	1.00
比茎密度 SSD	0.27	-0.27	0.09	1.00	0.03 (0.04)	0.04 (-0.04)	-0.05 (0.01)	1.00

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