鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林不同成熟度群落特征的比较

doi:10.17520/biods.2014243

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究不同成熟度群落物种的共存状态, 了解群落演替过程中结构的动态变化, 对揭示森林不同发育时期的群落构建机制具有重要意义。本研究基于鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林20 ha固定监测样地(以下简称鼎湖山大样地) 2010年植被调查的数据, 根据径级与林龄将鼎湖山大样地划分为成熟林和过熟林两个斑块, 对其群落物种组成、区系特征及径级结构进行了初步的比较。研究发现: (1)成熟林和过熟林种类组成的群落相似性系数高、物种多样性指数相近, 以及锥栗(Castanopsis chinensis)重要值相似, 但物种数、密度、总胸高断面积、物种重要值等有所不同; (2)热带区系成分在两个斑块均占优势, 但以过熟林的比例较高; (3)两个斑块虽然所有活立木径级结构分布均呈倒“J”型, 但在同径级个体群重要值比较中, 成熟林中径级个体群重要值较高, 而过熟林则是大径级个体群重要值较高。由此可见, 鼎湖山大样地的成熟林与过熟林虽属于同一类群落的演替顶极阶段, 但群落结构上却存在差异, 推测在林窗作用下不同发育时期的群落存在不同的构建过程。

关键词: 鼎湖山大样地, 物种组成, 群落结构, 群落构建, 林窗

Abstract

Studying species coexistence and successional dynamics of varying stand ages is important to understanding the mechanisms of community assembly. In this study, we divided a 20 ha subtropical forest plot in southern China into two groups, mature and old (over-mature), according to tree size and historical records. Species compositions, floristic characteristics and tree size distribution between the groups were compared. Results showed that species composition of the two groups were similar with comparable diversity indices but different species richness, individual densities, total basal area and importance value (IV) of species. As for the floristic composition, there were about 90% genera of tropical species in both groups, but the genera had a higher proportion in the old than in the mature forest. Both groups had “J” shaped tree size distributions but the mature forest had higher IV in the middle size class while the old forest was highest in large size class. In conclusion, both the mature and old forests were in climax stages but had different community structures, which suggests that there were different assembly processes during development stages in the subtropical forest community.

Key words: Dinghushan plot, species composition, community structure, community assembly, forest gap

练琚愉, 陈灿, 黄忠良, 曹洪麟, 叶万辉 (2015) 鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林不同成熟度群落特征的比较. 生物多样性, 23, 174-182. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014243.

Juyu Lian, Can Chen, Zhongliang Huang, Honglin Cao, Wanhui Ye (2015) Community composition and stand age in a subtropical forest, southern China. Biodiversity Science, 23, 174-182. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014243.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2014243

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2015/V23/I2/174

图/表 8

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类型 Type	面积 Area (ha)	样方数 No. of subplots	株数 No. of individuals	植株密度 Density (ind./subplot)	物种数 No. of species	群落相似性系数 Chao-Jaccard/Chao-Sorenson
成熟林 Mature forest	11.8	296	32,239	108.9 ± 40.7	141	99.07% 99.54%
过熟林 Old forest	8.2	204	27,803	136.3 ± 52.4	157	99.07% 99.54%

类型 Type	面积 Area (ha)	样方数 No. of subplots	株数 No. of individuals	植株密度 Density (ind./subplot)	物种数 No. of species	群落相似性系数 Chao-Jaccard/Chao-Sorenson
成熟林 Mature forest	11.8	296	32,239	108.9 ± 40.7	141	99.07% 99.54%
过熟林 Old forest	8.2	204	27,803	136.3 ± 52.4	157	99.07% 99.54%

物种名 Species	科名 Family	密度 Density (ind./ha)		胸高断面积 Basal area (m²/ha)		重要值/排名 Importance value/Ranking
物种名 Species	科名 Family	MF	OF	MF	OF	MF	OF
锥栗 Castanopsis chinensis	壳斗科 Fagaceae	151.86	34.76	9.61	7.50	14.43/①	11.00/①
荷木 Schima superba	山茶科 Theaceae	137.20	33.54	4.93	2.20	8.74/②	3.94/⑥
黄杞 Engelhardtia roxburghiana	胡桃科 Juglandaceae	41.53	13.29	4.30	0.95	6.32/③	1.75
光叶山黄皮 Aidia canthioides	茜草科 Rubiaceae	325.85	493.90	0.20	0.41	5.53/④	6.47/②
红皮紫棱 Craibiodendron scleranthum	杜鹃花科 Ericaceae	134.15	32.93	1.86	0.46	4.92/⑤	1.58
黄果厚壳桂 Cryptocarya concinna	樟科 Lauraceae	273.81	73.17	0.14	0.06	4.69/⑥	1.70
厚壳桂 Cryptocarya chinensis	樟科 Lauraceae	148.47	63.05	1.07	1.18	4.29/⑦	3.00/⑨
红车 Syzygium rehderianum	桃金娘科 Myrtaceae	167.71	380.98	0.53	1.23	3.68/⑧	6.47/③
柏拉木 Blastus cochinchinensis	野牡丹科 Melastomataceae	163.31	121.95	0.05	0.04	2.78/⑨	2.15
罗伞树 Ardisia quinquegona	紫金牛科 Myrsinaceae	102.46	233.78	0.03	0.10	2.24/⑩	3.49/⑧
小计 Total of above		1,646.35	1,481.35	22.72	14.13	57.62	41.55
其他 Others		1,085.76	1,909.26	5.7	10.87	42.38	58.45
总计 Total		2,732.12	3,390.61	28.4	25.0	100	100

物种名 Species	科名 Family	密度 Density (ind./ha)		胸高断面积 Basal area (m²/ha)		重要值/排名 Importance value/Ranking
物种名 Species	科名 Family	MF	OF	MF	OF	MF	OF
锥栗 Castanopsis chinensis	壳斗科 Fagaceae	151.86	34.76	9.61	7.50	14.43/①	11.00/①
荷木 Schima superba	山茶科 Theaceae	137.20	33.54	4.93	2.20	8.74/②	3.94/⑥
黄杞 Engelhardtia roxburghiana	胡桃科 Juglandaceae	41.53	13.29	4.30	0.95	6.32/③	1.75
光叶山黄皮 Aidia canthioides	茜草科 Rubiaceae	325.85	493.90	0.20	0.41	5.53/④	6.47/②
红皮紫棱 Craibiodendron scleranthum	杜鹃花科 Ericaceae	134.15	32.93	1.86	0.46	4.92/⑤	1.58
黄果厚壳桂 Cryptocarya concinna	樟科 Lauraceae	273.81	73.17	0.14	0.06	4.69/⑥	1.70
厚壳桂 Cryptocarya chinensis	樟科 Lauraceae	148.47	63.05	1.07	1.18	4.29/⑦	3.00/⑨
红车 Syzygium rehderianum	桃金娘科 Myrtaceae	167.71	380.98	0.53	1.23	3.68/⑧	6.47/③
柏拉木 Blastus cochinchinensis	野牡丹科 Melastomataceae	163.31	121.95	0.05	0.04	2.78/⑨	2.15
罗伞树 Ardisia quinquegona	紫金牛科 Myrsinaceae	102.46	233.78	0.03	0.10	2.24/⑩	3.49/⑧
小计 Total of above		1,646.35	1,481.35	22.72	14.13	57.62	41.55
其他 Others		1,085.76	1,909.26	5.7	10.87	42.38	58.45
总计 Total		2,732.12	3,390.61	28.4	25.0	100	100

类型 Type	Shannon-Wiener指数Shannon-Wiener index	Simpson指数 Simpson index	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index
成熟林 Mature forest	2.63 ± 0.28	0.89 ± 0.05	0.83 ± 0.07
过熟林 Old forest	2.71 ± 0.29	0.89 ± 0.05	0.81 ± 0.06