雪灾对古田山常绿阔叶林群落结构的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.09220

生物多样性 ›› 2011, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (2): 197-205. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.09220

所属专题：中国的森林生物多样性监测

雪灾对古田山常绿阔叶林群落结构的影响

曼兴兴¹^,², 米湘成¹, 马克平¹^,^*()

1 (中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093)
2 (中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100049)

收稿日期:2010-09-15 接受日期:2010-11-29 出版日期:2011-03-20 发布日期:2011-06-01
通讯作者: 马克平
作者简介:*E-mail: kpma@ibcas.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目“中国东部森林生物多样性格局与地理分异”(kzcx2-yw-430)

Effects of an ice storm on community structure of an evergreen broad- leaved forest in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve, Zhejiang Province

Xingxing Man¹^,², Xiangcheng Mi¹, Keping Ma¹^,^*()

1 State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093
2 Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

Received:2010-09-15 Accepted:2010-11-29 Online:2011-03-20 Published:2011-06-01
Contact: Keping Ma

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解雪灾对亚热带常绿阔叶林群落结构的影响, 我们于2008年初对古田山24 ha固定监测样地进行了调查。经统计, 约1/3的树木遭受重度损伤, 1/3的树木遭受轻度损伤。选择生境类型、胸径、物种的物候型、生长型4个因子, 用多项逻辑斯蒂回归分析了这些因子对个体损伤的影响。结果表明: 低海拔山谷受损最严重, 树木倒伏、折断的倾向最大, 高海拔山脊受损最轻。胸径影响树木的受损程度和类型, 大致来说, 随着胸径的增大, 树木受损的比例增大, 折断、断梢相对于压弯的可能性逐渐增大, 断枝相对折断、断梢的可能性也逐渐增大。常绿物种较落叶物种受损更重。由于上层乔木的庇护, 灌木树种受损较为轻微。采用除趋势对应分析(DCA)比较了雪灾前后群落结构的变化, 结果表明: 在40 m × 40 m尺度上, 群落的变化与随机变化的零假设有显著差异, 这说明冰雪灾害对个体的损伤不是随机的, 而是有物种选择性的, 如甜槠(Castanopsis eyrei)、木荷(Schima superba)和马尾松(Pinus massoniana)等物种受灾情况显著低于随机损伤的零假设, 而青冈(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)、石栎(Lithocarpus glaber)、马银花(Rhododendron ovatum)等物种显著地高于随机损伤的零假设, 群落的物种组成在雪灾后发生了显著的变化。

关键词: 冰雪灾害, 受损类型, 多项逻辑斯蒂回归, DCA, 群落结构

Abstract

We inventoried tree damage within a 24-ha plot in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve immediately after the ice storm that affected south China in 2008. This ice storm caused severe damage to one third of trees and relatively slight damage to another third of trees in the plot. Results from our multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that all of the four examined factors, diameter at breast height (DBH), habitat type, plant life form and leaf habit (evergreen/deciduous), had close relationship with the damage types of forest trees. The results of multinomial logistic regression model indicated that evergreen canopy trees in low valleys with larger DBH suffered more severe damage. Detrended correspondence analysis was employed to compare variation in forest community composition before and after the ice storm. Variation in community composition before and after the ice storm differed significantly from stochastic variation modeled with null models at scales of 40 m×40 m. This result indicates that some species are more prone to ice-storm damage than others, which may result in directional changes in community composition.

Key words: ice storm, damage type, multinomial logistic regression, detrended correspondence analysis, community structure

曼兴兴, 米湘成, 马克平 (2011) 雪灾对古田山常绿阔叶林群落结构的影响. 生物多样性, 19, 197-205. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.09220.

Xingxing Man, Xiangcheng Mi, Keping Ma (2011) Effects of an ice storm on community structure of an evergreen broad- leaved forest in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve, Zhejiang Province. Biodiversity Science, 19, 197-205. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.09220.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.09220

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2011/V19/I2/197

图/表 10

参考文献 27

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等级 Damage class	受损类型 Damage type	类型描述 Description	个体数 Individuals	受损类型比例 Ratio of damage type (%)	受损等级比例(%) Ratio of damage class
正常 Undamaged	正常 Undamaged	树冠完整, 受损不明显 Complete crown or unaffected	6,948	33.58	33.58
轻度损伤 Slightly damaged	压弯 Bent	树干弯曲倾斜 Bole bent	599	2.90	32.19
	断枝少 Slight branch loss	少于50%的分枝折断 Less than half of the branches lost	3,400	16.43
	断枝多 Severe branch loss	多于50%的分枝折断 More than half of the branches lost	2,662	12.86
严重损伤 Severely damaged	断梢 Broken within crown	林冠中的树干折断 Broken within crown	1,478	7.14	34.23
	折断 Snapping	1.3 m以上林冠以下的树干折断 Broken above 1.3 m and below the crown	1,831	8.85
	倒伏 Uprooted	1.3 m以下处折断或倒伏 Uprooted or broken below 1.3 m	3,775	18.24

等级 Damage class	受损类型 Damage type	类型描述 Description	个体数 Individuals	受损类型比例 Ratio of damage type (%)	受损等级比例(%) Ratio of damage class
正常 Undamaged	正常 Undamaged	树冠完整, 受损不明显 Complete crown or unaffected	6,948	33.58	33.58
轻度损伤 Slightly damaged	压弯 Bent	树干弯曲倾斜 Bole bent	599	2.90	32.19
	断枝少 Slight branch loss	少于50%的分枝折断 Less than half of the branches lost	3,400	16.43
	断枝多 Severe branch loss	多于50%的分枝折断 More than half of the branches lost	2,662	12.86
严重损伤 Severely damaged	断梢 Broken within crown	林冠中的树干折断 Broken within crown	1,478	7.14	34.23
	折断 Snapping	1.3 m以上林冠以下的树干折断 Broken above 1.3 m and below the crown	1,831	8.85
	倒伏 Uprooted	1.3 m以下处折断或倒伏 Uprooted or broken below 1.3 m	3,775	18.24

模型 Model	自由度 df	赤池信息量准则 AIC
全模型 Full model	42	67307.86
-物候型 Leaf habit	36	67468.36
-生长型 Life form	36	67638.26
-生境类型 Habitat	24	68044.74
-胸径 DBH	36	69572.91

模型 Model	自由度 df	赤池信息量准则 AIC
全模型 Full model	42	67307.86
-物候型 Leaf habit	36	67468.36
-生长型 Life form	36	67638.26
-生境类型 Habitat	24	68044.74
-胸径 DBH	36	69572.91

	log(π_U/π_N)	log(π_S/π_N)	log(π_BR/π_N)	log(π_BL1/π_N)	log(π_BL2/π_N)	log(π_BE/π_N)
截距项 Intercept	0.23	-0.16(ns)	-1.00	-2.10	-1.55	0.37
胸径 DBH	0.00(ns)	-0.02	0.01	0.08	0.06	-0.16
生境类型(对照为低海拔山谷) Habitat type (low valley as base-line category)
低海拔山脊 Low ridge	-0.83	-0.81	-0.56	-0.52	-0.12	-0.65
高海拔山谷 High valley	-0.56	-0.58	-0.56	-0.31	-0.05(ns)	-1.30
高海拔山脊 High ridge	-1.74	-0.91	-0.50	-0.52	-0.46	-1.40
物候型(对照为常绿) Leaf habit (evergreen as base-line category)
落叶 Deciduous	-0.48	-0.55	-0.71	-0.63	-0.32	-0.88
生长型(对照为乔木) Life form (tree as base-line category)
灌木 Shrub	-0.53	-0.72	-1.16	-0.56	-0.44	-0.14(ns)

雪灾对古田山常绿阔叶林群落结构的影响

Effects of an ice storm on community structure of an evergreen broad- leaved forest in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve, Zhejiang Province

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生境类型 Habitat type	总数 Total	倒伏 Uprooted	折断 Snapping	压弯 Bent		断枝多 Severe branch loss	断枝少 Slight branch loss	正常 Undamaged
低海拔山谷	7,821	24.50%	11.19%	3.98%	7.70%	13.41%	13.89%	25.34%
Low valley		(12.95)	(6.96)	(5.62)	(1.84)	(1.35)	(-5.56)	(-12.57)
低海拔山脊	9,566	15.35%	7.09%	2.45%	6.68%	12.89%	19.03%	36.53%
Low ridge		(-6.63)	(-5.79)	(-2.58)	(-1.69)	(0.07)	(6.26)	(4.98)
高海拔山谷	1,277	18.64%	8.46%	1.33%	6.03%	13.23%	17.78%	34.53%
High valley		(0.33)	(-0.47)	(-3.28)	(-1.49)	(0.37)	(1.19)	(0.59)
高海拔山脊	2,029	7.54%	8.38%	1.82%	7.89%	10.40%	13.16%	50.81%
High ridge		(-11.29)	(-0.71)	(-2.84)	(1.25)	(-3.10)	(-3.64)	(13.40)

径级 Diameter class (cm)	总数 Total	倒伏 Uprooted	折断 Snapping	压弯 Bent	断梢 Broken within crown	断枝多 Severe branch loss	断枝少 Slight branch loss	正常 Undamaged
8-10	4,071	19.90%	10.17%	7.59%	4.77%	3.02%	6.71%	47.85%
		(2.47)	(2.83)	(17.61)	(-5.68)	(-17.51)	(-15.31)	(15.72)
10-15	5,768	19.61%	11.22%	3.59%	6.83%	5.95%	10.94%	41.87%
		(2.43)	(6.05)	(3.10)	(-0.89)	(-14.65)	(-10.29)	(10.87)
15-20	3,590	19.42%	9.14%	1.59%	8.77%	11.11%	19.05%	30.92%
		(1.64)	(0.58)	(-4.60)	(3.66)	(-2.92)	(3.88)	(-2.75)
20-30	4,339	18.85%	7.58%	0.55%	9.75%	19.54%	23.72%	20.00%
		(0.94)	(-2.80)	(-9.07)	(6.42)	(12.27)	(11.84)	(15.43)
30-45	2,449	11.51%	4.08%	0.08%	5.39%	31.97%	27.36%	19.60%
		(-7.80)	(-7.93)	(-8.18)	(-3.25)	(26.36)	(13.34)	(-11.94)
45-88	476	7.77%	2.73%	0.00%	4.20%	34.87%	23.74%	26.68%
		(-5.35)	(-4.49)	(-3.71)	(-2.40)	(13.39)	(3.93)	(-2.60)

	DCA1	DCA2	DCA3	DCA4
雪灾前 Before ice-storm	0.352	0.113	0.087	0.067
雪灾后 After ice-storm	0.366	0.129	0.105	0.070

物种 Species	P-value	多度 Abundance	死亡数目 Number of death	死亡率 Death rate (%)
甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	0.0001	5,065	1,172	23.14
马尾松 Pinus massoniana	0.0001	1,128	116	10.28
短柄枹栎 Quercus serrata var. brevipetiolata	0.0001	2,031	254	12.51
木荷 Schima superba	0.0001	2,885	686	23.78
厚皮香 Ternstroemia gymnanthera	0.0207	623	146	23.43
杨梅蚊母树 Distylium myricoides	0.0379	720	174	24.17
野漆 Toxicodendron succedaneum	0.0676	133	28	21.05
杨梅 Myrica rubra	0.2225	396	100	25.25
山合欢 Albizia kalkora	0.3688	183	47	25.68
红淡比 Cleyera japonica	0.4007	68	17	25.00
乌饭树 Vaccinium bracteatum	0.6900	62	18	29.03
格药柃 Eurya muricata	0.7197	214	61	28.50
栲树 C. fargesii	0.8723	201	61	30.35
香桂 Cinnamomum subavenium	0.8983	53	18	33.96
浙江柿 Diospyros glaucifolia	0.9124	98	32	32.65
钩栲 C. tibetana	0.9158	68	23	33.82
黄檀 Dalbergia hupeana	0.9274	126	41	32.54
杜英 Elaeocarpus decipiens	0.9567	152	50	32.89
赤楠 Syzygium buxifolium	0.9606	131	44	33.59
红枝柴 Meliosma oldhamii	0.9764	166	56	33.73
石灰花楸 Sorbus folgneri	0.9801	66	25	37.88
光萼林檎 Malus leiocalyca	0.9838	90	33	36.67
日本杜英 E. japonicus	0.9866	61	24	39.34
赤杨叶 Alniphyllum fortunei	0.9872	97	36	37.11
细叶青冈 Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia	0.9900	215	73	33.95
杨桐 Adinandra millettii	0.9977	200	72	36.00
宁波木犀 Osmanthus cooperi	0.9980	51	23	45.10
红楠 Machilus thunbergii	0.9996	421	144	34.20
苦枥木 Fraxinus insularis	0.9998	175	69	39.43
紫果槭 Acer cordatum	0.9999	61	28	45.90
青冈 C. glauca	1.0000	771	349	45.27
虎皮楠 Daphniphyllum oldhamii	1.0000	818	323	39.49
石栎 Lithocarpus glaber	1.0000	447	240	53.69
檵木 Loropetalum chinense	1.0000	864	347	40.16
浙江新木姜子 Neolitsea aurata var. chekiangensis	1.0000	151	79	52.32
麂角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	1.0000	379	147	38.79
马银花 R. ovatum	1.0000	534	189	35.39

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