Effects of transgenic maize on arthropod diversity

doi:10.17520/biods.2018316

Abstract

Abstract:

The species and numbers of arthropods in fields of transgenic herbicide-tolerant (EPSPS) and insect-resistant (Cry1Ab) maize DBN9936, receptor maize DBN318, conventional maize Xianyu 335, and spraying herbicide transformant DBN9936, were investigated to assess the effect of genetically modified maize on the arthropod communities. Direct observations, pit-fall trapping and longitudinal section methods were used to investigate the field arthropod species in 2015 and 2017. A cluster analysis and species accumulation curves, as well as the Margalef richness index, Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index, Pielou evenness index, dominant concentration index, community similarity index, were calculated and compared. The recorded arthropod species belonged to 20 orders and 80 families. The number of Lepidopteron insects in the fields of herbicide-free transformant DBN9936 (2015: 10.3 ± 2.6, 2017: 3.3 ± 1.7) and transformant DBN9936 spraying herbicides (2015: 6.0 ± 1.5, 2017: 17.0 ± 0.6) were significantly lower than the corresponding parameters of receptor DBN318 (2015: 20.0 ± 3.2, 2017: 24.0 ± 6.0) and Xianyu 335 (2015: 21.0 ± 8.9, 2017: 26.7 ± 2.0). The species accumulation curves show a typical parabola and there was little difference in the overall species richness. There were no significant differences in the total number of arthropods, functional group composition, richness, diversity, evenness and dominant concentration in the maize fields and there was a high similarity between the arthropods communities. The dynamic of the richness index, diversity index, evenness index, dominant concentration index and community similarity index of those arthropods in the maize fields tended to be consistent. Transformant DBN9936 has obvious resistance to Lepidopteron insects and has no significant negative effects on non-target arthropods. The results suggest that the transformant DBN9936 maize has no significant effect on community richness, diversity, evenness and dominance concentration of arthropods in the fields.

Key words: genetically modified maize, biodiversity, arthropods, diversity index, biosafety

Yanjie Ma, Haopeng He, Wenjing Shen, Biao Liu, Kun Xue. Effects of transgenic maize on arthropod diversity[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2019, 27(4): 419-432.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2018316

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2019/V27/I4/419

Figures/Tables 10

References 37

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功能群 Functional groups	主要类群 Major groups	‘DBN9936’	‘DBN318’	‘先玉335’ Xianyu 335	‘DBN9936’喷除草剂 DBN9936 + herbicide	P
2015
主要害虫 Main pest	鳞翅目 Lepidopteron	10.3 ± 2.6^a	20.0 ± 3.2^a	21.0 ± 8.9^a	6.0 ± 1.5^a	0.166
	长角䖴科 Entomobryidae	112.3 ± 25.5^a	105.7 ± 9.9^a	128.3 ± 11.3^a	113.7 ± 8.1^a	0.765
	蚜科 Aphididae	834.0 ± 206.6^a	763.3 ± 118.3^a	515.7 ± 62.1^a	590.0 ± 84.3^a	0.341
	叶甲科 Chrysomelidae	1,194.0 ± 94.4^b	1,308.7 ± 32.9^b	1,009.7 ± 56.4^a	1,217.3 ± 42.9^b	0.047
	总和 Total	2,212.3 ± 266.9^a	2,258.0 ± 154.5^a	1,736.0 ± 37.8^a	1,985.7 ± 109.9^a	0.176
捕食性天敌 Predatory natural enemy	蜘蛛目 Araneida	43.7 ± 4.6^a	52.3 ± 2.2^a	59.3 ± 3.8^a	54.3 ± 7.7^a	0.246
	瓢虫科 Coccinellidae	113.7 ± 6.1^a	106.3 ± 11.2^a	104.3 ± 7.9^a	120.0 ± 15.1^a	0.720
	草蛉科 Chrysopidae	36.3 ± 6.2^a	32.3 ± 2.8^a	25.3 ± 4.1^a	25.3 ± 4.1^a	0.288
	步甲科 Carabidae	12.7 ± 2.9^a	15.0 ± 3.2^a	20.7 ± 9.9^a	20.0 ± 6.5^a	0.808
	总和 Total	214.7 ± 8.6^a	213.3 ± 10.3^a	219.7 ± 3.8^a	231.0 ± 5.5^a	0.386
寄生性天敌 Parasitic natural enemy	总和 Total	8.7 ± 3.3^a	6.7 ± 1.9^a	5.7 ± 0.9^a	7.7 ± 0.9^a	0.742
中性节肢动物 Neutral arthropod	总和 Total	206.7 ± 31.5^a	177.7 ± 9.0^a	152.0 ± 28.6^a	147.0 ± 20.4^a	0.339
2017
主要害虫 Main pest	鳞翅目 Lepidopteron	3.3 ± 1.7^a	24.0 ± 6.0^b	26.7 ± 2.0^b	17.0 ± 0.6^a	0.005
	蚜科 Aphididae	5,357.0 ± 148.5^a	5,408.3 ± 324.9^a	5,444.0 ± 607.7^a	4,751.7 ± 171.3^a	0.520
	叶甲科 Chrysomelidae	42.3 ± 3.8^a	51.0 ± 4.6^a	40.0 ± 3.5^a	46.7 ± 1.5^a	0.213
	长角䖴科 Entomobryidae	86.3 ± 9.8^a	95.0 ± 12.5^a	93.4 ± 6.6^a	97.0 ± 10.0^a	0.882
	总和 Total	5,880.7 ± 133.5^a	5,974.7 ± 334.9^a	6,011.7 ± 592.7^a	5,321.7 ± 185.8^a	0.526
捕食性天敌 Predatory natural enemy	蜘蛛目 Araneida	87.0 ± 8.5^a	97.7 ± 12.1^a	88.0 ± 3.5^a	86.3 ± 5.2^a	0.732
	瓢虫科 Coccinellidae	235.7 ± 8.7^a	211.3 ± 34.0^a	221.3 ± 21.9^a	250.7 ± 10.4^a	0.607
	草蛉科 Chrysopidae	51.0 ± 6.5^a	41.0 ± 7.0^a	39.0 ± 3.5^a	54.0 ± 6.7^a	0.295
	步甲科 Carabidae	36.7 ± 4.5^a	49.7 ± 7.5^a	39.0 ± 5.6^a	45.7 ± 7.1^a	0.481
	小花蝽 Orius sauteri	57.3 ± 2.3^b	36.7 ± 4.3^a	39.7 ± 0.9^a	39.7 ± 6.8^a	0.029
	总和 Total	510.7 ± 22.0^a	481.3 ± 15.2^a	476.7 ± 23.7^a	522.0 ± 11.8^a	0.298
寄生性天敌 Parasitic natural enemy	总和 Total	7.3 ± 1.8^a	9.0 ± 3.8^a	8.0 ± 0.6^a	7.0 ± 2.0^a	0.933
中性节肢动物 Neutral arthropod	总和 Total	166.7 ± 22.0^a	181.0 ± 8.6^a	150.7 ± 5.5^a	153.3 ± 25.2^a	0.613

功能群 Functional groups	主要类群 Major groups	‘DBN9936’	‘DBN318’	‘先玉335’ Xianyu 335	‘DBN9936’喷除草剂 DBN9936 + herbicide	P
2015
主要害虫 Main pest	鳞翅目 Lepidopteron	10.3 ± 2.6^a	20.0 ± 3.2^a	21.0 ± 8.9^a	6.0 ± 1.5^a	0.166
	长角䖴科 Entomobryidae	112.3 ± 25.5^a	105.7 ± 9.9^a	128.3 ± 11.3^a	113.7 ± 8.1^a	0.765
	蚜科 Aphididae	834.0 ± 206.6^a	763.3 ± 118.3^a	515.7 ± 62.1^a	590.0 ± 84.3^a	0.341
	叶甲科 Chrysomelidae	1,194.0 ± 94.4^b	1,308.7 ± 32.9^b	1,009.7 ± 56.4^a	1,217.3 ± 42.9^b	0.047
	总和 Total	2,212.3 ± 266.9^a	2,258.0 ± 154.5^a	1,736.0 ± 37.8^a	1,985.7 ± 109.9^a	0.176
捕食性天敌 Predatory natural enemy	蜘蛛目 Araneida	43.7 ± 4.6^a	52.3 ± 2.2^a	59.3 ± 3.8^a	54.3 ± 7.7^a	0.246
	瓢虫科 Coccinellidae	113.7 ± 6.1^a	106.3 ± 11.2^a	104.3 ± 7.9^a	120.0 ± 15.1^a	0.720
	草蛉科 Chrysopidae	36.3 ± 6.2^a	32.3 ± 2.8^a	25.3 ± 4.1^a	25.3 ± 4.1^a	0.288
	步甲科 Carabidae	12.7 ± 2.9^a	15.0 ± 3.2^a	20.7 ± 9.9^a	20.0 ± 6.5^a	0.808
	总和 Total	214.7 ± 8.6^a	213.3 ± 10.3^a	219.7 ± 3.8^a	231.0 ± 5.5^a	0.386
寄生性天敌 Parasitic natural enemy	总和 Total	8.7 ± 3.3^a	6.7 ± 1.9^a	5.7 ± 0.9^a	7.7 ± 0.9^a	0.742
中性节肢动物 Neutral arthropod	总和 Total	206.7 ± 31.5^a	177.7 ± 9.0^a	152.0 ± 28.6^a	147.0 ± 20.4^a	0.339
2017
主要害虫 Main pest	鳞翅目 Lepidopteron	3.3 ± 1.7^a	24.0 ± 6.0^b	26.7 ± 2.0^b	17.0 ± 0.6^a	0.005
	蚜科 Aphididae	5,357.0 ± 148.5^a	5,408.3 ± 324.9^a	5,444.0 ± 607.7^a	4,751.7 ± 171.3^a	0.520
	叶甲科 Chrysomelidae	42.3 ± 3.8^a	51.0 ± 4.6^a	40.0 ± 3.5^a	46.7 ± 1.5^a	0.213
	长角䖴科 Entomobryidae	86.3 ± 9.8^a	95.0 ± 12.5^a	93.4 ± 6.6^a	97.0 ± 10.0^a	0.882
	总和 Total	5,880.7 ± 133.5^a	5,974.7 ± 334.9^a	6,011.7 ± 592.7^a	5,321.7 ± 185.8^a	0.526
捕食性天敌 Predatory natural enemy	蜘蛛目 Araneida	87.0 ± 8.5^a	97.7 ± 12.1^a	88.0 ± 3.5^a	86.3 ± 5.2^a	0.732
	瓢虫科 Coccinellidae	235.7 ± 8.7^a	211.3 ± 34.0^a	221.3 ± 21.9^a	250.7 ± 10.4^a	0.607
	草蛉科 Chrysopidae	51.0 ± 6.5^a	41.0 ± 7.0^a	39.0 ± 3.5^a	54.0 ± 6.7^a	0.295
	步甲科 Carabidae	36.7 ± 4.5^a	49.7 ± 7.5^a	39.0 ± 5.6^a	45.7 ± 7.1^a	0.481
	小花蝽 Orius sauteri	57.3 ± 2.3^b	36.7 ± 4.3^a	39.7 ± 0.9^a	39.7 ± 6.8^a	0.029
	总和 Total	510.7 ± 22.0^a	481.3 ± 15.2^a	476.7 ± 23.7^a	522.0 ± 11.8^a	0.298
寄生性天敌 Parasitic natural enemy	总和 Total	7.3 ± 1.8^a	9.0 ± 3.8^a	8.0 ± 0.6^a	7.0 ± 2.0^a	0.933
中性节肢动物 Neutral arthropod	总和 Total	166.7 ± 22.0^a	181.0 ± 8.6^a	150.7 ± 5.5^a	153.3 ± 25.2^a	0.613

	ACE 指数 ACE Index	Bootstrap 指数 Bootstrap Index	Jackknife 1 指数 Jackknife 1 Index	实际物种数 Number of species	比例 Ratio (%)
2015
植株 Maize plant	51.49	54.25	58.88	48	88.87
地表 Land surface	58.26	51.41	54.96	49	88.25
总体 Total	66.61	65.33	70.96	61	90.56
2017
植株 Maize plant	71.07	71.32	72.97	68	95.11
地表 Land surface	78.65	64.66	72.81	59	80.98
总体 Total	93.36	88.45	93.95	83	89.92

	ACE 指数 ACE Index	Bootstrap 指数 Bootstrap Index	Jackknife 1 指数 Jackknife 1 Index	实际物种数 Number of species	比例 Ratio (%)
2015
植株 Maize plant	51.49	54.25	58.88	48	88.87
地表 Land surface	58.26	51.41	54.96	49	88.25
总体 Total	66.61	65.33	70.96	61	90.56
2017
植株 Maize plant	71.07	71.32	72.97	68	95.11
地表 Land surface	78.65	64.66	72.81	59	80.98
总体 Total	93.36	88.45	93.95	83	89.92

为害指标 Damage parameter and degree	‘DBN9936’	‘DBN318’	‘先玉335’ Xianyu 335	‘DBN9936’喷除草剂 DBN9936 + herbicide
2015
蛀孔数(个/50株) Number of apertures every 50 plants	0.0 ± 0.0^b	14.3 ± 1.2^a	22.0 ± 4.0^a	0.0 ± 0.0^b
活虫数(头/50株) Number of alive borers every 50 plants	0.3 ± 0.3^b	10.3 ± 1.0^a	12.5 ± 1.9^a	0.3 ± 0.3^b
最长隧道长度 Maximum tunnel length (cm)	0.0	16.5	13.0	0.0
平均隧道长度 Average tunnel length (cm)	-	6.50 ± 0.56^b	4.97 ± 0.40^a	-
最长穗尖被害长度 Maximum damage length of spike tip (cm)	5.5	7.0	8.0	4.0
平均穗尖被害长度 Average damage length of spike tip (cm)	2.33 ± 1.59^a	3.01 ± 0.21^a	2.98 ± 0.20^a	1.94 ± 0.39^a
2017
蛀孔数(个/50株) Number of apertures every 50 plants	8.0 ± 7.9^a	16.0 ± 8.1^a	8.7 ± 2.4^a	5.3 ± 1.8^a
活虫数(头/50株) Number of alive borers every 50 plants	3.3 ± 0.3^a	10.7 ± 0.5^a	6.0 ± 0.1^a	2.7 ± 0.2^a
最长隧道长度 Maximum tunnel length (cm)	13.5	20.0	20.8	7.0
平均隧道长度 Average tunnel length (cm)	2.97 ± 2.97^a	5.92 ± 2.87^a	3.68 ± 4.06^a	0.87 ± 0.49^a
最长穗尖被害长度 Maximum damage length of spike tip (cm)	9.0	27.4	22.8	16.8
平均穗尖被害长度 Average damage length of spike tip (cm)	2.39 ± 1.74^a	6.24 ± 1.23^a	8.18 ± 2.36^a	3.76 ± 3.42^a