Characteristics of plant communities in the Baishanzu continuous elevational transect

doi:10.17520/biods.2024052

Biodiv Sci ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (12): 24052. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024052 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024052

• Original Papers • Next Articles

Characteristics of plant communities in the Baishanzu continuous elevational transect

Jia Yao¹^,², Congling Zhang¹^,², Shixuan Li¹^,², Yang Lin³, Zhen Wang⁴, Yuhan Zhang⁴, Weilong Zhou⁵, Xinhe Pan⁶, Shan Zhu⁷, Yiqing Wu⁸, Dan Wang⁹, Jinliang Liu¹⁰(), Shanshan Tan²^,^*(), Guochun Shen¹^,²(), Mingjian Yu⁴()

1. Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315114, China
2. School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
3. College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
4. College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
5. Baishanzu Research and Monitoring Center of Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
6. Scientific Research and Management Center of East China Medicinal Botanical Garden, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
7. Lishui Baiyunshan Ecology Forest Farm, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
8. Qingyuan Conservation Center of Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park, Qingyuan, Zhejiang 323800, China
9. Longquan Conservation Center of Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park, Longquan, Zhejiang 323700, China
10. College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China

Received:2024-02-06 Accepted:2024-07-26 Online:2024-12-20 Published:2025-01-10
Contact: *E-mail: sstan@des.ecnu.edu.cn
About author:First author contact:^# Co-first authors
Supported by:
China and Baishanzu National Park Research Foundation(2023JBGS01);China and Baishanzu National Park Research Foundation(2021ZDLY03);China and Baishanzu National Park Research Foundation(2021ZDZX01);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271596);Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(23ZR1419200);“Pioneer” and “Leading Goose” R&D Program of Zhejiang(2023C03137);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: Mountain ecosystems are vital hotspots for global biodiversity. However, climate change and human activities pose significant threats to these ecosystems, leading to alarming transformations. It is essential to monitor changes in these delicate mountain environments, both in terms of biodiversity patterns and fluctuations, in a timely and precise manner. Such monitoring not only advances scientific understanding of species dynamics, but also informs the crucial conservation efforts needed to preserve these vital habitats.

Methods: This study proposed constructing a continuous elevational transect across mountainous terrain as an ideal framework for understanding and predicting the impacts of climate change on mountain biodiversity. We implemented this approach in the Baishanzu region, Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park candidate area. Along this transect, we examined the flora, species composition, community structure, and diversity patterns of plant communities in relation to the steady changes in altitude.

Results: As elevation increased, the proportion of temperate genera gradually increased, while the proportions of both evergreen species and individuals decreased, although evergreens remined dominated overall. The average tree heights and the maximum tree height of the forest community peaked at approximately altitude of 1,600 m. Species richness and phylogenetic diversity reached their highest points around 1,200 m, displaying a unimodal trend on a broad scale. Other diversity indices, including the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, declined with elevation. Finally, this study also highlighted the unique advantages, recognized limitations, and future development potential of utilizing a continuous elevational transect.

Conclusion: Continuous elevational transects have the potential to be a valuable supplement to existing mountain diversity monitoring systems. They may provide deeper insights into the temporal and spatial shifts in biodiversity within mountain biodiversity forest ecosystems over time.

Key words: Baishanzu, continuous elevational transect, evergreen broad-leaved forest, species composition, dominant species

Jia Yao, Congling Zhang, Shixuan Li, Yang Lin, Zhen Wang, Yuhan Zhang, Weilong Zhou, Xinhe Pan, Shan Zhu, Yiqing Wu, Dan Wang, Jinliang Liu, Shanshan Tan, Guochun Shen, Mingjian Yu. Characteristics of plant communities in the Baishanzu continuous elevational transect[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(12): 24052.

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Figures/Tables 8

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海拔 Altitude (m)	垂直结构 Vertical structure	物种 Species	多度 Abundance	优势度 Dominance	重要值 Importance value
636-736	林冠层 Canopy layer	木荷 Schima superba	122	0.24	0.21
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	赤楠 Syzygium buxifolium	112	0.11	0.08
	灌木层 Shrub layer	矩形叶鼠刺 Itea omeiensis	231	0.17	0.12
736-836	林冠层 Canopy layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	123	0.43	0.25
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	赤楠 Syzygium buxifolium	400	0.25	0.18
	灌木层 Shrub layer	矩形叶鼠刺 Itea omeiensis	289	0.10	0.09
836-936	林冠层 Canopy layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	142	0.53	0.31
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	81	0.21	0.10
	灌木层 Shrub layer	矩形叶鼠刺 Itea omeiensis	166	0.10	0.08
936-1,036	林冠层 Canopy layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	119	0.31	0.21
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	148	0.29	0.14
	灌木层 Shrub layer	马银花 Rhododendron ovatum	164	0.10	0.07
1,036-1,136	林冠层 Canopy layer	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	112	0.30	0.20
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	282	0.35	0.18
	灌木层 Shrub layer	马银花 Rhododendron ovatum	306	0.21	0.13
1,136-1,236	林冠层 Canopy layer	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	60	0.19	0.13
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	472	0.28	0.14
	灌木层 Shrub layer	马银花 Rhododendron ovatum	461	0.14	0.09
1,236-1,336	林冠层 Canopy layer	黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	54	0.21	0.16
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	304	0.25	0.12
	灌木层 Shrub layer	麂角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	770	0.13	0.10
1,336-1,436	林冠层 Canopy layer	褐叶青冈 Quercus stewardiana	52	0.31	0.20
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	褐叶青冈 Quercus stewardiana	128	0.29	0.14
	灌木层 Shrub layer	麂角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	367	0.16	0.11
1,436-1,536	林冠层 Canopy layer	木荷 Schima superba	276	0.23	0.23
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	麂角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	340	0.14	0.12
	灌木层 Shrub layer	麂角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	503	0.25	0.16
1,536-1,636	林冠层 Canopy layer	木荷 Schima superba	167	0.21	0.21
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	麂角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	266	0.31	0.22
	灌木层 Shrub layer	麂角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	143	0.17	0.11
1,636-1,736	林冠层 Canopy layer	黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	267	0.68	0.46
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	258	0.33	0.17
	灌木层 Shrub layer	猴头杜鹃 Rhododendron simiarum	1,415	0.68	0.39
1,736-1,836	林冠层 Canopy layer	黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	89	1.00	1.00
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	253	0.42	0.20
	灌木层 Shrub layer	猴头杜鹃 Rhododendron simiarum	2,948	0.57	0.34
1,836-1,928	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	14	0.91	0.67
1,836-1,928	灌木层 Shrub layer	黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	698	0.58	0.25

海拔 Altitude (m)	垂直结构 Vertical structure	物种 Species	多度 Abundance	优势度 Dominance	重要值 Importance value
636-736	林冠层 Canopy layer	木荷 Schima superba	122	0.24	0.21
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	赤楠 Syzygium buxifolium	112	0.11	0.08
	灌木层 Shrub layer	矩形叶鼠刺 Itea omeiensis	231	0.17	0.12
736-836	林冠层 Canopy layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	123	0.43	0.25
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	赤楠 Syzygium buxifolium	400	0.25	0.18
	灌木层 Shrub layer	矩形叶鼠刺 Itea omeiensis	289	0.10	0.09
836-936	林冠层 Canopy layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	142	0.53	0.31
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	81	0.21	0.10
	灌木层 Shrub layer	矩形叶鼠刺 Itea omeiensis	166	0.10	0.08
936-1,036	林冠层 Canopy layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	119	0.31	0.21
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	148	0.29	0.14
	灌木层 Shrub layer	马银花 Rhododendron ovatum	164	0.10	0.07
1,036-1,136	林冠层 Canopy layer	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	112	0.30	0.20
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	282	0.35	0.18
	灌木层 Shrub layer	马银花 Rhododendron ovatum	306	0.21	0.13
1,136-1,236	林冠层 Canopy layer	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	60	0.19	0.13
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	472	0.28	0.14
	灌木层 Shrub layer	马银花 Rhododendron ovatum	461	0.14	0.09
1,236-1,336	林冠层 Canopy layer	黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	54	0.21	0.16
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	304	0.25	0.12
	灌木层 Shrub layer	麂角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	770	0.13	0.10
1,336-1,436	林冠层 Canopy layer	褐叶青冈 Quercus stewardiana	52	0.31	0.20
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	褐叶青冈 Quercus stewardiana	128	0.29	0.14
	灌木层 Shrub layer	麂角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	367	0.16	0.11
1,436-1,536	林冠层 Canopy layer	木荷 Schima superba	276	0.23	0.23
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	麂角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	340	0.14	0.12
	灌木层 Shrub layer	麂角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	503	0.25	0.16
1,536-1,636	林冠层 Canopy layer	木荷 Schima superba	167	0.21	0.21
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	麂角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	266	0.31	0.22
	灌木层 Shrub layer	麂角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	143	0.17	0.11
1,636-1,736	林冠层 Canopy layer	黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	267	0.68	0.46
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	258	0.33	0.17
	灌木层 Shrub layer	猴头杜鹃 Rhododendron simiarum	1,415	0.68	0.39
1,736-1,836	林冠层 Canopy layer	黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	89	1.00	1.00
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	253	0.42	0.20
	灌木层 Shrub layer	猴头杜鹃 Rhododendron simiarum	2,948	0.57	0.34
1,836-1,928	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	14	0.91	0.67
1,836-1,928	灌木层 Shrub layer	黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	698	0.58	0.25

序号 Rank	分布区类型 Areal types	科数 No. of families (%)	属数 No. of genera (%)
1	泛热带 Pantropic	19 (38.78%)	19 (17.59%)
2	东亚及热带美洲间断 East Asia & Tropical America disjuncted	5 (10.20%)	5 (4.63%)
3	旧世界热带 Old World Tropics	2 (4.08%)	6 (5.56%)
4	热带亚洲及热带大洋洲 Tropical Asia and Tropical Australasia	1 (2.04%)	3 (2.78%)
5	热带亚洲及热带非洲 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa	1 (2.04%)	4 (3.70%)
6	热带亚洲 Tropical Asia	2 (4.08%)	13 (12.04%)
	热带成分(1-6)小计 Subtotal of tropical elements (1-6)	30 (61.22%)	50 (46.30%)
7	北温带 North Temperate	14 (28.57%)	20 (18.52%)
8	东亚及北美间断 East Asia & North America disjuncted	3 (6.12%)	19 (17.59%)
9	旧世界温带 Old World Temperate	-	-
10	温带亚洲 Temperate Asia	-	-
11	东亚 East Asia	2 (4.08%)	15 (13.89%)
	温带成分(7-11)小计 Subtotal of temperate elements (7-11)	19 (38.78%)	54 (50.00%)
12	中国特有 Endemic to China	-	4 (3.70%)
	总计 Total	49 (100%)	108 (100%)

序号 Rank	分布区类型 Areal types	科数 No. of families (%)	属数 No. of genera (%)
1	泛热带 Pantropic	19 (38.78%)	19 (17.59%)
2	东亚及热带美洲间断 East Asia & Tropical America disjuncted	5 (10.20%)	5 (4.63%)
3	旧世界热带 Old World Tropics	2 (4.08%)	6 (5.56%)
4	热带亚洲及热带大洋洲 Tropical Asia and Tropical Australasia	1 (2.04%)	3 (2.78%)
5	热带亚洲及热带非洲 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa	1 (2.04%)	4 (3.70%)
6	热带亚洲 Tropical Asia	2 (4.08%)	13 (12.04%)
	热带成分(1-6)小计 Subtotal of tropical elements (1-6)	30 (61.22%)	50 (46.30%)
7	北温带 North Temperate	14 (28.57%)	20 (18.52%)
8	东亚及北美间断 East Asia & North America disjuncted	3 (6.12%)	19 (17.59%)
9	旧世界温带 Old World Temperate	-	-
10	温带亚洲 Temperate Asia	-	-
11	东亚 East Asia	2 (4.08%)	15 (13.89%)
	温带成分(7-11)小计 Subtotal of temperate elements (7-11)	19 (38.78%)	54 (50.00%)
12	中国特有 Endemic to China	-	4 (3.70%)
	总计 Total	49 (100%)	108 (100%)

Characteristics of plant communities in the Baishanzu continuous elevational transect

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