Dynamic changes in the community of a secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest in Wuyanling, Zhejiang Province from 2013 to 2023

doi:10.17520/biods.2024372

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: Studying the dynamic changes in secondary evergreen broad-leaved forests is crucial for understanding the formation and maintenance of these forest communities. This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in a subtropical secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest, providing a scientific basis for developing forest conservation and restoration strategies.

Methods: We selected a 9 ha subtropical secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in the Wuyanling National Nature Reserve, Zhejiang Province, as the research site. We conducted thorough surveys of woody plants with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 1 cm in 2013, 2018, and 2023. We analyzed and compared the changes in community composition, structure, and dynamics over these years.

Results: (1) Over the past 10 years, the top 10 species by importance value within the plot have remained unchanged. However, there has been a significant decline in plant species diversity and abundance, with some rare species disappearing. (2) The proportion of small-diameter individuals decreased, while the proportions of medium-diameter and large-diameter individuals gradually increased. The proportions of plant individuals across different leaf life forms and habitats have remained relatively stable. (3) The mortality rate of plants decreased with increasing diameter and varied across different habitats. (4) Compared to the period from 2013 to 2018, the overall plant mortality rate decreased during the period from 2018 to 2023, and the recruitment rate sharply declined.

Conclusion: In the late succession stage of the 9 ha secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest dynamics plot at Wuyanling, the stability and competitive advantages of dominant species have led to a gradual decrease in diversity and the abundance of individual trees, with some rare species disappearing. The decreasing proportion of small-diameter individuals and the lower mortality rate suggest that the community is transitioning into a mature stage of succession. However, the sharp decline in the recruitment rate of plants within the plot indicates that the community’ development faces significant challenges.

Key words: secondary evergreen broad-leaved forests, succession, community structure, mortality rate, recruitment rate

Hang Shan, Zupei Lei, Fangdong Zheng, Boliang Wei, Lei Zhong, Mingjian Yu. Dynamic changes in the community of a secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest in Wuyanling, Zhejiang Province from 2013 to 2023[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(12): 24372.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2024372

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2024/V32/I12/24372

Figures/Tables 8

References 40

[1]	Case MJ, Johnson BG, Bartowitz KJ, Hudiburg TW (2021) Forests of the future: Climate change impacts and implications for carbon storage in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Forest Ecology and Management, 482, 118886.
[2]	Chen XR, Chen YY, Luo ZR, Ding BY (2013) A 5-year mid-mountain subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest study in Baishanzu, East China. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 30, 821-829. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[陈小荣, 陈圆圆, 骆争荣, 丁炳扬 (2013) 百山祖中山中亚热带常绿阔叶林群落5年动态特征. 浙江农林大学学报, 30, 821-829.]
[3]	Condit R (1998) Tropical Forest Census Plots: Methods and Results from Barro Colorado Island, Panama and a Comparison with Other Plots. Springer, Berlin.
[4]	Condit R, Pérez R, Lao S, Aguilar S, Hubbell SP (2017) Demographic trends and climate over 35 years in the Barro Colorado 50 ha plot. Forest Ecosystems, 4, 17.
[5]	Gazol A, Camarero JJ, Sangüesa-Barreda G, Vicente-Serrano SM (2018) Post-drought resilience after forest die-off: Shifts in regeneration, composition, growth and productivity. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 1546. DOI PMID
[6]	Harms KE, Condit R, Hubbell SP, Foster RB (2001) Habitat associations of trees and shrubs in a 50-ha neotropical forest plot. Journal of Ecology, 89, 947-959.
[7]	He H, Pan YZ, Zhu WQ, Liu XL, Zhang Q, Zhu XF (2005) Measurement of terrestrial ecosystem service value in China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 16, 1122-1127. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[何浩, 潘耀忠, 朱文泉, 刘旭拢, 张晴, 朱秀芳 (2005) 中国陆地生态系统服务价值测量. 应用生态学报, 16, 1122-1127.]
[8]	Jin Y, Chen JH, Mi XC, Ren HB, Ma KP, Yu MJ (2015) Impacts of the 2008 ice storm on structure and composition of an evergreen broad-leaved forest community in eastern China. Biodiversity Science, 23, 610-618. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[金毅, 陈建华, 米湘成, 任海保, 马克平, 于明坚 (2015) 古田山24 ha森林动态监测样地常绿阔叶林群落结构和组成动态: 探讨2008年冰雪灾害的影响. 生物多样性, 23, 610-618.] DOI
[9]	King DA, Davies SJ, Noor NSM (2006) Growth and mortality are related to adult tree size in a Malaysian mixed dipterocarp forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 223, 152-158.
[10]	Kubota Y, Katsuda K, Kikuzawa K (2005) Secondary succession and effects of clear-logging on diversity in the subtropical forests on Okinawa Island, southern Japan. Biodiversity and Conservation, 14, 879-901.
[11]	Li YY, Shao MA (2004) The change of plant diversity during natural recovery process of vegetation in Ziwuling area. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 24, 252-260. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[李裕元, 邵明安 (2004) 子午岭植被自然恢复过程中植物多样性的变化. 生态学报, 24, 252-260.]
[12]	Linares-Palomino R, Alvarez SIP (2005) Tree community patterns in seasonally dry tropical forests in the Cerros de Amotape Cordillera, Tumbes, Peru. Forest Ecology and Management, 209, 261-272.
[13]	Liu M, Pietzarka U, Roloff A, Zhang DS (2023) Assessment on the growth sensitivity to drought stress for various tree species growing at diverse habitats—A case study in Saxony, Germany. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 59(11), 12-22. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[刘鸣, 乌尔里希·皮特扎卡, 安德烈亚斯·罗洛夫, 张德顺 (2023) 不同生境中多树种生长对干旱胁迫的敏感性评价——以德国萨克森州为例. 林业科学, 59(11), 12-22.]
[14]	Lou MQ, Yin PZ (1987) Relationship between forest vegetation and soil fertility in Wuyanling Nature Reserve, Zhejiang Province, East China. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 18(3), 115-117. (in Chinese)
	[楼曼青, 殷佩章 (1987) 乌岩岭自然保护区的森林植被与土壤肥力关系. 土壤通报, 18(3), 115-117.]
[15]	Luo Y, Chen HYH (2011) Competition, species interaction and ageing control tree mortality in boreal forests. Journal of Ecology, 99, 1470-1480.
[16]	Ma L, Lian JY, Lin GJ, Cao HL, Huang ZL, Guan DS (2016) Forest dynamics and its driving forces of sub-tropical forest in South China. Scientific Reports, 6, 22561. DOI PMID
[17]	Rüger N, Comita LS, Condit R, Purves D, Rosenbaum B, Visser MD, Wright SJ, Wirth C (2018) Beyond the fast-slow continuum: Demographic dimensions structuring a tropical tree community. Ecology Letters, 21, 1075-1084. DOI PMID
[18]	Saatchi SS, Houghton RA, Dos Santos Alvalá RC, Soares JV, Yu Y (2007) Distribution of aboveground live biomass in the Amazon basin. Global Change Biology, 13, 816-837.
[19]	Seidl R, Turner MG (2022) Post-disturbance reorganization of forest ecosystems in a changing world. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 119, e2202190119.
[20]	Shan WQ, Fang S, Yin J, Ren J, Lin F, Mao ZK, Hao ZQ, Wang XG (2024) Population dynamics and its relationship with functional traits in different succession stages of temperate mixed coniferous broad-leaved forest in Northeast China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 35, 2501-2510. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI
	[单伟强, 房帅, 尹进, 任静, 蔺菲, 毛子昆, 郝占庆, 王绪高 (2024) 东北温带针阔混交林不同演替阶段树木种群动态及其与功能性状的关系. 应用生态学报, 35, 2501-2510.] DOI
[21]	Shang KK, Zhang QP, Da LJ, Hara K, Yang YC, Fujihara M, Tomita M, Zhao Y (2014) Effects of natural and artificial disturbance on landscape and forest structure in Tiantong National Forest Park, East China. Landscape and Ecological Engineering, 10, 163-172.
[22]	Shannon CE (1948) A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal, 27, 379-423.
[23]	Shovon TA, Auge H, Haase J, Nock CA (2024) Positive effects of tree species diversity on productivity switch to negative after severe drought mortality in a temperate forest experiment. Global Change Biology, 30, e17252.
[24]	Valencia R, Foster RB, Villa G, Condit R, Svenning JC, Hernández C, Romoleroux K, Losos E, Magård E, Balslev H (2004) Tree species distributions and local habitat variation in the Amazon: Large forest plot in eastern Ecuador. Journal of Ecology, 92, 214-229.
[25]	Wang XH, Kent M, Fang XF (2007) Evergreen broad-leaved forest in Eastern China: Its ecology and conservation and the importance of resprouting in forest restoration. Forest Ecology and Management, 245, 76-87.
[26]	Wang YH, Mi XC, Chen SW, Li MH, Yu MJ (2011) Regeneration dynamics of major tree species during 2002-2007 in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve in East China. Biodiversity Science, 19, 178-189. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[汪殷华, 米湘成, 陈声文, 李铭红, 于明坚 (2011) 古田山常绿阔叶林主要树种2002-2007年间更新动态. 生物多样性, 19, 178-189.] DOI
[27]	Wei BL, Zhong L, Liu JL, Zheng FD, Jin Y, Xie YC, Lei ZP, Shen GC, Yu MJ (2022) Differences in density dependence among tree mycorrhizal types affect tree species diversity and relative growth rates. Plants, 11, 2340.
[28]	Wei JX, Jiang ZG, Yang LS, Xiong HH, Jin JJ, Luo FL, Li JH, Wu H, Xu YZ, Qiao XJ, Wei XZ, Yao H, Yu HL, Yang JY, Jiang MX (2024) Community composition and structure in a 25 ha mid-subtropical mountain deciduous broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in Shennongjia, Hubei, China. Biodiversity Science, 32, 23338. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[魏嘉欣, 姜治国, 杨林森, 熊欢欢, 金胶胶, 罗方林, 李杰华, 吴浩, 徐耀粘, 乔秀娟, 魏新增, 姚辉, 余辉亮, 杨敬元, 江明喜 (2024) 湖北神农架中亚热带山地落叶阔叶林25 ha动态监测样地群落物种组成与结构特征. 生物多样性, 32, 23338.]
[29]	Wu ZH, Wang Z, Luan FC, Shu ZF, Li BH (2021) Community composition and floral characteristics of the Chebaling 20 hm² forest dynamic plot in a mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. Forestry and Environmental Science, 37(3), 86-91. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[吴智宏, 王梓, 栾福臣, 束祖飞, 李步杭 (2021) 车八岭20 hm²中亚热带常绿阔叶林监测样地群落物种组成和区系特征. 林业与环境科学, 37(3), 86-91.]
[30]	Wu ZY (1980) Vegetation of China. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[吴征镒 (1980) 中国植被. 科学出版社, 北京.]
[31]	Xu GX, Shi ZM, Tang JC, Xu H, Yang H, Liu SR, Li YD, Lin MX (2016) Effects of species abundance and size classes on assessing community phylogenetic structure: A case study in Jianfengling tropical montane rainforest. Biodiversity Science, 24, 617-628. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI
	[许格希, 史作民, 唐敬超, 许涵, 杨怀, 刘世荣, 李意德, 林明献 (2016) 物种多度和径级尺度对于评价群落系统发育结构的影响: 以尖峰岭热带山地雨林为例. 生物多样性, 24, 617-628.]
[32]	Xu XH, Wang WW, Mi XC, Chen L, Ma KP (2023) The Chinese Forest Biodiversity Monitoring Network: 20-year achievements and outlook. Biodiversity Science, 31, 23354. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI
	[徐学红, 王巍伟, 米湘成, 陈磊, 马克平 (2023) 中国森林生物多样性监测网络(CForBio): 二十年进展与展望. 生物多样性, 31, 23354.] DOI
[33]	Xu YJ, Lin DM, Mi XC, Ren HB, Ma KP (2014) Recovery dynamics of secondary forests with different disturbance intensity in the Gutianshan National Nature Reserve. Biodiversity Science, 22, 358-365. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI
	[徐远杰, 林敦梅, 米湘成, 任海保, 马克平 (2014) 古田山不同干扰程度森林的群落恢复动态. 生物多样性, 22, 358-365.] DOI
[34]	Yan M, Liu ZP, Subedi MR, Liang LF, Xi WM (2022) The complex impacts of unprecedented drought on forest tree mortality: A case study of dead trees in east Texas, USA. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 42, 1034-1046. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[闫明, 刘志萍, Mukti Ram Subedi, 梁林峰, 奚为民 (2022) 特大干旱对树木死亡的影响——以美国德克萨斯州东部森林为例. 生态学报, 42, 1034-1046.]
[35]	Yang J, Zhang GC, Ci XQ, Swenson NG, Cao M, Sha LQ, Li J, Baskin CC, Ferry Slik JW, Lin LX (2014) Functional and phylogenetic assembly in a Chinese tropical tree community across size classes, spatial scales and habitats. Functional Ecology, 28, 520-529.
[36]	Yang QS, Ma ZP, Xie YB, Zhang ZG, Wang ZH, Liu HM, Li P, Zhang N, Wang DL, Yang HB, Fang XF, Yan ER, Wang XH (2011) Community structure and species composition of an evergreen broad-leaved forest in Tiantong’s 20 ha dynamic plot, Zhejiang Province, eastern China. Biodiversity Science, 19, 215-223. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[杨庆松, 马遵平, 谢玉彬, 张志国, 王樟华, 刘何铭, 李萍, 张娜, 王达力, 杨海波, 方晓峰, 阎恩荣, 王希华 (2011) 浙江天童20 ha常绿阔叶林动态监测样地的群落特征. 生物多样性, 19, 215-223.]
[37]	Zhang TT, Wang X, Ren HB, Yu JP, Jin Y, Qian HY, Song XY, Ma KP, Yu MJ (2019) A comparative study on the community characteristics of secondary and old-growth evergreen broad-leaved forests in Gutianshan, Zhejiang Province. Biodiversity Science, 27, 1069-1080. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI
	[张田田, 王璇, 任海保, 余建平, 金毅, 钱海源, 宋小友, 马克平, 于明坚 (2019) 浙江古田山次生与老龄常绿阔叶林群落特征的比较. 生物多样性, 27, 1069-1080.] DOI
[38]	Zhong L, Chang-Yang CH, Lu P, Gu XP, Lei ZP, Cai YB, Zheng FD, Sun IF, Yu MJ (2015) Community structure and species composition of the secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest: The analyses for a 9 ha forest dynamics plot in Wuyanling Nature Reserve, Zhejiang Province, East China. Biodiversity Science, 23, 619-629. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI
	[仲磊, 张杨家豪, 卢品, 顾雪萍, 雷祖培, 蔡延奔, 郑方东, 孙义方, 于明坚 (2015) 次生常绿阔叶林的群落结构与物种组成: 基于浙江乌岩岭9 ha森林动态样地. 生物多样性, 23, 619-629.] DOI
[39]	Zhu Y, Zhao GF, Zhang LW, Shen GC, Mi XC, Ren HB, Yu MJ, Chen JH, Chen SW, Fang T, Ma KP (2008) Community composition and structure of Gutianshan forest dynamic plot in a mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, east China. Journal of Plant Ecology (Chinese Version), 32, 262-273. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[祝燕, 赵谷风, 张俪文, 沈国春, 米湘成, 任海保, 于明坚, 陈建华, 陈声文, 方腾, 马克平 (2008) 古田山中亚热带常绿阔叶林动态监测样地——群落组成与结构. 植物生态学报, 32, 262-273.] DOI
[40]	Zou S, Zhou GY, Zhang QM, Xu S, Xiong X, Xia YJ, Liu SZ, Meng Z, Chu GW (2018) Long-term (1992-2015) dynamics of community composition and structure in a monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest in Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 42, 442-452. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI
	[邹顺, 周国逸, 张倩媚, 徐姗, 熊鑫, 夏艳菊, 刘世忠, 孟泽, 褚国伟 (2018) 1992-2015年鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林群落结构动态. 植物生态学报, 42, 442-452.] DOI

物种 Species	生长型 Growth form	多度 Abundance			重要值 IV (%)			重要值排序 Order of IV
物种 Species	生长型 Growth form	2013	2018	2023	2013	2018	2023	2013	2018	2023
甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	乔木 Tree	1,958	1,469	1,131	6.99	6.46	5.82	1	1	1
褐叶青冈 Cyclobalanopsis stewardiana	乔木 Tree	2,557	2,272	1,986	5.73	5.76	5.76	2	2	2
鹿角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	小乔木 Small tree	7,077	6,476	5,947	5.10	5.30	5.42	3	3	3
木荷 Schima superba	乔木 Tree	1,786	1,557	1,450	4.89	5.07	5.28	4	4	4
窄基红褐柃 Eurya rubiginosa var. attenuata	灌木 Shrub	6,760	6,143	5,736	3.97	4.13	4.25	5	5	5
浙江新木姜子 Neolitsea aurata var. chekiangensis	小乔木 Small tree	3,493	3,272	3,139	3.05	3.29	3.46	6	6	6
马银花 Rhododendron ovatum	小乔木 Small tree	4,010	3,800	3,567	3.00	3.24	3.36	7	7	7
尖连蕊茶 Camellia cuspidata	灌木 Shrub	4,236	4,146	3,979	2.86	3.17	3.34	8	8	8
短尾柯 Lithocarpus brevicaudatus	乔木 Tree	772	683	606	2.68	2.73	2.68	9	10	10
红楠 Machilus thunbergii	乔木 Tree	1,814	1,675	1,589	2.65	2.74	2.85	10	9	9

物种 Species	生长型 Growth form	多度 Abundance			重要值 IV (%)			重要值排序 Order of IV
物种 Species	生长型 Growth form	2013	2018	2023	2013	2018	2023	2013	2018	2023
甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	乔木 Tree	1,958	1,469	1,131	6.99	6.46	5.82	1	1	1
褐叶青冈 Cyclobalanopsis stewardiana	乔木 Tree	2,557	2,272	1,986	5.73	5.76	5.76	2	2	2
鹿角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	小乔木 Small tree	7,077	6,476	5,947	5.10	5.30	5.42	3	3	3
木荷 Schima superba	乔木 Tree	1,786	1,557	1,450	4.89	5.07	5.28	4	4	4
窄基红褐柃 Eurya rubiginosa var. attenuata	灌木 Shrub	6,760	6,143	5,736	3.97	4.13	4.25	5	5	5
浙江新木姜子 Neolitsea aurata var. chekiangensis	小乔木 Small tree	3,493	3,272	3,139	3.05	3.29	3.46	6	6	6
马银花 Rhododendron ovatum	小乔木 Small tree	4,010	3,800	3,567	3.00	3.24	3.36	7	7	7
尖连蕊茶 Camellia cuspidata	灌木 Shrub	4,236	4,146	3,979	2.86	3.17	3.34	8	8	8
短尾柯 Lithocarpus brevicaudatus	乔木 Tree	772	683	606	2.68	2.73	2.68	9	10	10
红楠 Machilus thunbergii	乔木 Tree	1,814	1,675	1,589	2.65	2.74	2.85	10	9	9

影响因素 Influence factors	β	标准误 SE	Wald	P	优势比 Odds ratio	95%置信区间 95% confidence interval
地形生境 Topographic habitat types
低沟 Valley					1.000
低坡 Low slope	0.105	0.034	9.444	0.002	1.111	1.039-1.188
高坡 High slope	-0.085	0.036	5.547	0.019	0.918	0.856-0.986
高沟 High gully	0.023	0.037	0.379	0.538	1.023	0.952-1.100
山脊 Ridge	0.094	0.044	4.650	0.031	1.099	1.009-1.197
鞍部 Saddle	0.155	0.046	11.186	0.001	1.167	1.066-1.278
叶生活型 Leaf life forms
常绿阔叶 Evergreen broad-leaved					1.000
落叶阔叶 Deciduous broad-leaved	-0.095	0.161	0.350	0.554	0.909	0.663-1.247
针叶 Coniferous	0.094	0.165	0.327	0.567	1.099	0.795-1.518
径级 Size classes
1-5 cm					1.000
5-10 cm	0.919	0.041	507.650	0.000	2.506	2.314-2.715
> 10 cm	0.529	0.049	118.365	0.000	1.697	1.543-1.867
常量 Constant	-2.562	0.167	235.878	0.000	0.077	-

影响因素 Influence factors	β	标准误 SE	Wald	P	优势比 Odds ratio	95%置信区间 95% confidence interval
地形生境 Topographic habitat types
低沟 Valley					1.000
低坡 Low slope	0.105	0.034	9.444	0.002	1.111	1.039-1.188
高坡 High slope	-0.085	0.036	5.547	0.019	0.918	0.856-0.986
高沟 High gully	0.023	0.037	0.379	0.538	1.023	0.952-1.100
山脊 Ridge	0.094	0.044	4.650	0.031	1.099	1.009-1.197
鞍部 Saddle	0.155	0.046	11.186	0.001	1.167	1.066-1.278
叶生活型 Leaf life forms
常绿阔叶 Evergreen broad-leaved					1.000
落叶阔叶 Deciduous broad-leaved	-0.095	0.161	0.350	0.554	0.909	0.663-1.247
针叶 Coniferous	0.094	0.165	0.327	0.567	1.099	0.795-1.518
径级 Size classes
1-5 cm					1.000
5-10 cm	0.919	0.041	507.650	0.000	2.506	2.314-2.715
> 10 cm	0.529	0.049	118.365	0.000	1.697	1.543-1.867
常量 Constant	-2.562	0.167	235.878	0.000	0.077	-

影响因素 Influence factors	β	标准误 SE	Wald	P	优势比 Odds ratio	95%置信区间 95% confidence interval
地形生境 Topographic habitat types
低沟 Valley					1.000
低坡 Low slope	0.136	0.044	9.613	0.002	1.145	1.051-1.248
高坡 High slope	0.167	0.044	14.306	0.000	1.182	1.084-1.289
高沟 High gully	0.074	0.047	2.440	0.118	1.076	0.981-1.181
山脊 Ridge	0.112	0.056	4.050	0.044	1.118	1.003-1.247
鞍部 Saddle	0.102	0.060	2.868	0.090	1.107	0.984-1.245
叶生活型 Leaf life forms
常绿阔叶 Evergreen broad-leaved					1.000
落叶阔叶 Deciduous broad-leaved	-0.344	0.180	3.634	0.057	0.709	0.498-1.010
针叶 Coniferous	-0.505	0.187	7.323	0.007	0.603	0.418-0.870
径级 Size classes
1-5 cm					1.000
5-10 cm	0.448	0.042	114.210	0.000	1.565	1.442-1.699
> 10 cm	0.081	0.052	2.384	0.123	1.084	0.978-1.202
常量 Constant	-2.313	0.186	155.001	0.000	0.099	-