Effects of simulated warming on seasonal dynamics of herbaceous diversity in temperate secondary forests in Northeast China

doi:10.17520/biods.2023059

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: Climate warming mainly caused by human activities has led to changes in terrestrial plant diversity and community structure. Forest herb layer, as the main contributor of plant diversity in forest ecosystem, has a significant response to climate warming, however, relevant studies are still lacking. This study explores the changes of herbaceous community in temperate forests in the context of climate warming, including diversity, community structure, and species composition, in order to provide scientific basis for the response of forest herbaceous layer to climate warming.
Method: This experiment was carried out in 2021 and 2022 on a simulated warming platform built by Qingyuan Forest Ecosystem Research Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences, which used an infrared ray to warm the surface soil by 2℃ during the growing season.
Results: The results showed that there was no significant change in herbaceous diversity under warming conditions, but the community diversity index of each season showed a decreasing trend. After warming, the overall coverage and abundance of the herbaceous community did not change significantly, but the composition and structure of the herbaceous community changed significantly. Specifically, the response trend of different dominant species to warming was different. Among the dominant species throughout the year, the response of Brachybotrys paridiformis was the most obvious, as its importance value, abundance, and coverage increased significantly, while that of Meehania henryi decreased significantly. Cardamine leucantha and Hylomecon japonica had no significant response. Lastly, the importance value of Allium monanthum, which is the seasonal dominant species, was significantly decreased, while that of Adoxa moschatellina was significantly increased.
Conclusion: Warming has no significant effect on herbaceous diversity in the forest in this study, but it may lead to the advancement of the phenological period of some species, change the competition between species in the community for resources such as light, or affect the development of functional traits of some species. Furthermore, it may change the importance value, abundance, and coverage of dominant species in different seasons, and lead to significant changes in the composition and structure of the herbaceous community.

Key words: infrared warming, community structure, species composition, dominant species, seasonal dynamics

Zhehan Chen, Jin Yin, Ji Ye, Dongwei Liu, Zikun Mao, Shuai Fang, Fei Lin, Xugao Wang. Effects of simulated warming on seasonal dynamics of herbaceous diversity in temperate secondary forests in Northeast China[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2023, 31(5): 23059.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2023059

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2023/V31/I5/23059

Figures/Tables 7

References 43

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物种 Species	科 Family	属 Genus	处理独有 Unique of treatment	优势种 Dominant species
白花碎米荠 Cardamine leucantha	十字花科 Brassicaceae	碎米荠属 Cardamine		年优势种 Annual dominant species
齿瓣延胡索 Corydalis turtschaninovii	罂粟科 Papaveraceae	紫堇属 Corydalis		非优势种 Non-dominant species
穿龙薯蓣 Dioscorea nipponica	薯蓣科 Dioscoreaceae	薯蓣属 Dioscorea	对照 Control	非优势种 Non-dominant species
单花韭 Allium monanthum	百合科 Liliaceae	葱属 Allium		春季优势种 Spring dominant species
东北百合 Lilium distichum	百合科 Liliaceae	百合属 Lilium	对照 Control	非优势种 Non-dominant species
东北天南星 Arisaema amurense	天南星科 Araceae	天南星属 Arisaema		非优势种 Non-dominant species
东北羊角芹 Aegopodium alpestre	伞形科 Umbelliferae	羊角芹属 Aegopodium		非优势种 Non-dominant species
短果茴芹 Pimpinella brachycarpa	伞形科 Umbelliferae	茴芹属 Pimpinella	增温 Warming	非优势种 Non-dominant species
多被银莲花 Anemone raddeana	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	银莲花属 Anemone		非优势种 Non-dominant species
二叶舞鹤草 Maianthemum bifolium	百合科 Liliaceae	舞鹤草属 Maianthemum	对照 Control	非优势种 Non-dominant species
孩儿参 Pseudostellaria heterophylla	石竹科 Caryophyllaceae	孩儿参属 Pseudostellaria		非优势种 Non-dominant species
和尚菜 Adenocaulon himalaicum	菊科 Compositae	和尚菜属 Adenocaulon		非优势种 Non-dominant species
荷青花 Hylomecon japonica	罂粟科 Papaveraceae	荷青花属 Hylomecon		年优势种 Annual dominant species
猴腿蹄盖蕨 Athyrium multidentatum	蹄盖蕨科 Athyriaceae	蹄盖蕨属 Athyrium		非优势种 Non-dominant species
黄精 Polygonatum sibiricum	百合科 Liliaceae	黄精属 Polygonatum		非优势种 Non-dominant species
鸡腿堇菜 Viola acuminata	堇菜科 Violaceae	堇菜属 Viola	增温 Warming	非优势种 Non-dominant species
老鹳草 Geranium wilfordii	牻牛儿苗科 Geraniaceae	老鹤草属 Geranium		非优势种 Non-dominant species
林茜草 Rubia sylvatica	茜草科 Rubiaceae	茜草属 Rubia		非优势种 Non-dominant species
龙头草 Meehania henryi	唇形科 Lamiacea	龙头草属Meehania		年优势种 Annual dominant species
鹿药 Smilacina japonica	百合科 Liliaceae	鹿药属 Smilacina		非优势种 Non-dominant species
球果堇菜 Viola collina	堇菜科 Violaceae	堇菜属 Viola		非优势种 Non-dominant species
全叶延胡索 Corydalis repens	罂粟科 Papaveraceae	紫堇属 Corydalis		非优势种 Non-dominant species
山花拉拉藤 Galium spurium	茜草科 Rubiaceae	拉拉藤属 Galium		非优势种 Non-dominant species
山茄子 Brachybotrys paridiformis	紫草科 Boraginaceae	山茄子属 Brachybotrys		年优势种 Annual dominant species
深山毛茛 Ranunculus franchetii	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	毛茛属 Ranunculus	对照 Control	非优势种 Non-dominant species
升麻 Cimicifuga foetida	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	升麻属 Cimicifuga	增温 Warming	非优势种 Non-dominant species
水金凤 Impatiens nolitangere	凤仙花科 Balsaminaceae	凤仙花属 Impatiens		非优势种 Non-dominant species
路边青 Geum aleppicum	茜草科 Rubiaceae	路边青属 Geum	增温 Warming	非优势种 Non-dominant species
薹草 Carex spp.	莎草科 Cyperaceae	薹草属 Carex		非优势种 Non-dominant species
透骨草 Phryma leptostachya subsp. asiatica	透骨草科 Hrymataceae	透骨草属 Phryma	对照 Control	非优势种 Non-dominant species
菟葵 Eranthis stellata	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	菟葵属 Ranunculus		非优势种 Non-dominant species
乌头 Aconitum carmichaeli	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	乌头属 Aconitum		非优势种 Non-dominant species
五福花 Adoxa moschatellina	五福花科 Adoxaceae	五福花属 Adoxa		春季优势种 Spring dominant species
舞鹤草 Maianthemum bifolium	百合科 Liliaceae	舞鹤草属 Maianthemum	对照 Control	非优势种 Non-dominant species
西山堇菜 Viola hancockii	堇菜科 Violaceae	堇菜属 Viola		非优势种 Non-dominant species
野芝麻 Lamium barbatum	唇形科 Lamiaceae	野芝麻属 Lamium	对照 Control	非优势种 Non-dominant species
珠芽艾麻 Laportea bulbifera	荨麻科 Urticaceae	艾麻属 Laportea		夏季优势种 Summer dominant species

物种 Species	科 Family	属 Genus	处理独有 Unique of treatment	优势种 Dominant species
白花碎米荠 Cardamine leucantha	十字花科 Brassicaceae	碎米荠属 Cardamine		年优势种 Annual dominant species
齿瓣延胡索 Corydalis turtschaninovii	罂粟科 Papaveraceae	紫堇属 Corydalis		非优势种 Non-dominant species
穿龙薯蓣 Dioscorea nipponica	薯蓣科 Dioscoreaceae	薯蓣属 Dioscorea	对照 Control	非优势种 Non-dominant species
单花韭 Allium monanthum	百合科 Liliaceae	葱属 Allium		春季优势种 Spring dominant species
东北百合 Lilium distichum	百合科 Liliaceae	百合属 Lilium	对照 Control	非优势种 Non-dominant species
东北天南星 Arisaema amurense	天南星科 Araceae	天南星属 Arisaema		非优势种 Non-dominant species
东北羊角芹 Aegopodium alpestre	伞形科 Umbelliferae	羊角芹属 Aegopodium		非优势种 Non-dominant species
短果茴芹 Pimpinella brachycarpa	伞形科 Umbelliferae	茴芹属 Pimpinella	增温 Warming	非优势种 Non-dominant species
多被银莲花 Anemone raddeana	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	银莲花属 Anemone		非优势种 Non-dominant species
二叶舞鹤草 Maianthemum bifolium	百合科 Liliaceae	舞鹤草属 Maianthemum	对照 Control	非优势种 Non-dominant species
孩儿参 Pseudostellaria heterophylla	石竹科 Caryophyllaceae	孩儿参属 Pseudostellaria		非优势种 Non-dominant species
和尚菜 Adenocaulon himalaicum	菊科 Compositae	和尚菜属 Adenocaulon		非优势种 Non-dominant species
荷青花 Hylomecon japonica	罂粟科 Papaveraceae	荷青花属 Hylomecon		年优势种 Annual dominant species
猴腿蹄盖蕨 Athyrium multidentatum	蹄盖蕨科 Athyriaceae	蹄盖蕨属 Athyrium		非优势种 Non-dominant species
黄精 Polygonatum sibiricum	百合科 Liliaceae	黄精属 Polygonatum		非优势种 Non-dominant species
鸡腿堇菜 Viola acuminata	堇菜科 Violaceae	堇菜属 Viola	增温 Warming	非优势种 Non-dominant species
老鹳草 Geranium wilfordii	牻牛儿苗科 Geraniaceae	老鹤草属 Geranium		非优势种 Non-dominant species
林茜草 Rubia sylvatica	茜草科 Rubiaceae	茜草属 Rubia		非优势种 Non-dominant species
龙头草 Meehania henryi	唇形科 Lamiacea	龙头草属Meehania		年优势种 Annual dominant species
鹿药 Smilacina japonica	百合科 Liliaceae	鹿药属 Smilacina		非优势种 Non-dominant species
球果堇菜 Viola collina	堇菜科 Violaceae	堇菜属 Viola		非优势种 Non-dominant species
全叶延胡索 Corydalis repens	罂粟科 Papaveraceae	紫堇属 Corydalis		非优势种 Non-dominant species
山花拉拉藤 Galium spurium	茜草科 Rubiaceae	拉拉藤属 Galium		非优势种 Non-dominant species
山茄子 Brachybotrys paridiformis	紫草科 Boraginaceae	山茄子属 Brachybotrys		年优势种 Annual dominant species
深山毛茛 Ranunculus franchetii	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	毛茛属 Ranunculus	对照 Control	非优势种 Non-dominant species
升麻 Cimicifuga foetida	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	升麻属 Cimicifuga	增温 Warming	非优势种 Non-dominant species
水金凤 Impatiens nolitangere	凤仙花科 Balsaminaceae	凤仙花属 Impatiens		非优势种 Non-dominant species
路边青 Geum aleppicum	茜草科 Rubiaceae	路边青属 Geum	增温 Warming	非优势种 Non-dominant species
薹草 Carex spp.	莎草科 Cyperaceae	薹草属 Carex		非优势种 Non-dominant species
透骨草 Phryma leptostachya subsp. asiatica	透骨草科 Hrymataceae	透骨草属 Phryma	对照 Control	非优势种 Non-dominant species
菟葵 Eranthis stellata	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	菟葵属 Ranunculus		非优势种 Non-dominant species
乌头 Aconitum carmichaeli	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	乌头属 Aconitum		非优势种 Non-dominant species
五福花 Adoxa moschatellina	五福花科 Adoxaceae	五福花属 Adoxa		春季优势种 Spring dominant species
舞鹤草 Maianthemum bifolium	百合科 Liliaceae	舞鹤草属 Maianthemum	对照 Control	非优势种 Non-dominant species
西山堇菜 Viola hancockii	堇菜科 Violaceae	堇菜属 Viola		非优势种 Non-dominant species
野芝麻 Lamium barbatum	唇形科 Lamiaceae	野芝麻属 Lamium	对照 Control	非优势种 Non-dominant species
珠芽艾麻 Laportea bulbifera	荨麻科 Urticaceae	艾麻属 Laportea		夏季优势种 Summer dominant species

物种 Species	季节 Season	多度 Abundance						盖度 Coverage
		2021			2022			2021			2022
		df	F	P	df	F	P	df	F	P	df	F	P
白花碎米荠 Cardamine leucantha	春季 Spring	1,41	2.862	0.099	1,42	1.563	0.219	1,41	0.793	0.395	1,42	1.138	0.292
	夏季 Summer	1,41	3.431	0.071	1,43	0.251	0.624	1,41	4.691	0.036	1,43	0.929	0.342
	秋季 Autumn	1,36	0.148	0.702	1,23	2.392	0.136	1,36	0.002	0.96	1,23	4.535	0.044
荷青花 Hylomecon japonica	春季 Spring	1,40	0.753	0.391	1,42	0.498	0.482	1,40	3.436	0.039	1,42	0.645	0.069
	夏季 Summer	1,20	1.459	0.241	1,30	0.321	0.575	1,20	4.624	0.044	1,30	3.165	0.478
	秋季 Autumn	-	-	-	1,15	0.801	0.386	-	-	-	1,15	0.749	0.558
龙头草 Meehania henryi	春季 Spring	1,45	8.001	0.015	1,46	11.424	0.001	1,45	3.056	0.162	1,46	5.006	0.046
	夏季 Summer	1,48	9.879	0.003	1,45	5.748	0.041	1,48	5.124	0.028	1,45	6.856	0.006
	秋季 Autumn	1,48	9.272	0.004	1,33	0.571	0.456	1,48	3.58	0.065	1,33	0.002	0.968
山茄子 Brachybotrys paridiformis	春季 Spring	1,24	8.333	0.001	1,31	5.084	0.015	1,24	8.219	0.0001	1,31	4.709	0.038
	夏季 Summer	1,30	3.032	0.092	1,31	4.701	0.001	1,30	0.733	0.399	1,31	3.251	< 0.001
	秋季 Autumn	1,29	13.601	< 0.001	1,25	4.742	0.004	1,29	9.747	0.001	1,25	2.634	0.117
群落 Community	春季 Spring	1,52	0.054	0.729	1,52	0.009	0.836	1,52	3.006	0.071	1,52	1.668	0.459
	夏季 Summer	1,52	2.397	0.128	1,52	0.629	0.401	1,52	0.054	0.817	1,52	0.005	0.696
	秋季 Autumn	1,52	1.664	0.203	1,52	0.867	0.545	1,52	1.134	0.301	1,52	1.981	0.11

物种 Species	季节 Season	多度 Abundance						盖度 Coverage
		2021			2022			2021			2022
		df	F	P	df	F	P	df	F	P	df	F	P
白花碎米荠 Cardamine leucantha	春季 Spring	1,41	2.862	0.099	1,42	1.563	0.219	1,41	0.793	0.395	1,42	1.138	0.292
	夏季 Summer	1,41	3.431	0.071	1,43	0.251	0.624	1,41	4.691	0.036	1,43	0.929	0.342
	秋季 Autumn	1,36	0.148	0.702	1,23	2.392	0.136	1,36	0.002	0.96	1,23	4.535	0.044
荷青花 Hylomecon japonica	春季 Spring	1,40	0.753	0.391	1,42	0.498	0.482	1,40	3.436	0.039	1,42	0.645	0.069
	夏季 Summer	1,20	1.459	0.241	1,30	0.321	0.575	1,20	4.624	0.044	1,30	3.165	0.478
	秋季 Autumn	-	-	-	1,15	0.801	0.386	-	-	-	1,15	0.749	0.558
龙头草 Meehania henryi	春季 Spring	1,45	8.001	0.015	1,46	11.424	0.001	1,45	3.056	0.162	1,46	5.006	0.046
	夏季 Summer	1,48	9.879	0.003	1,45	5.748	0.041	1,48	5.124	0.028	1,45	6.856	0.006
	秋季 Autumn	1,48	9.272	0.004	1,33	0.571	0.456	1,48	3.58	0.065	1,33	0.002	0.968
山茄子 Brachybotrys paridiformis	春季 Spring	1,24	8.333	0.001	1,31	5.084	0.015	1,24	8.219	0.0001	1,31	4.709	0.038
	夏季 Summer	1,30	3.032	0.092	1,31	4.701	0.001	1,30	0.733	0.399	1,31	3.251	< 0.001
	秋季 Autumn	1,29	13.601	< 0.001	1,25	4.742	0.004	1,29	9.747	0.001	1,25	2.634	0.117
群落 Community	春季 Spring	1,52	0.054	0.729	1,52	0.009	0.836	1,52	3.006	0.071	1,52	1.668	0.459
	夏季 Summer	1,52	2.397	0.128	1,52	0.629	0.401	1,52	0.054	0.817	1,52	0.005	0.696
	秋季 Autumn	1,52	1.664	0.203	1,52	0.867	0.545	1,52	1.134	0.301	1,52	1.981	0.11

	春季 Spring		夏季 Summer		秋季 Autumn
	对照 Control	增温 Warming	对照 Control	增温 Warming	对照 Control	增温 Warming
白花碎米荠 Cardamine leucantha	10.7%	8.3%	13.0%	7.2%	12.6%	4.5%
荷青花 Hylomecon japonica	21.8%	19.7%	14.5%	13.3%	5.6%	8.2%
龙头草 Meehania henryi	13.3%	8.2%	17.8%	10.8%	19.9%	10.7%
山茄子 Brachybotrys paridiformis	10.7%	26.1%	14.5%	36.7%	9.4%	37.6%
五福花 Adoxa moschatellina	1.6%	16.3%	-	-	-	-
单花韭 Allium monanthum	13.0%	3.2%	-	-	-	-
珠芽艾麻 Laportea bulbifera	-	-	17.3%	15.6%	27.2%	18.5%
非优势种 Non-dominant species	28.9%	18.3%	22.9%	16.4%	25.3%	20.5%