Effect of topographic factors on sprouting characteristics of woody plants in subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forests

doi:10.17520/biods.2024282

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: Sprouting regeneration is a key mode in forest renewal, playing a crucial role in individual survival, population continuity, and maintaining biodiversity within plant communities. However, evidence is limited regarding whether sprouting characteristics significantly vary across different functional plant groups in response to topographic factors. This study aimed to explore the sprouting characteristics of woody plants in subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forests, analyze their responses to topographic factors, and enhance understanding of forest regeneration processes.

Methods: We conducted the study in a 20-ha forest dynamics plot in the subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest of the Jizu Mountains, Yunnan. We first calculated sprouting metrics for woody plants with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 1 cm, including the sprouting ratio, sprouting stem ratio, basal sprouting ratio, and basal sprouting stem ratio at both the species and community levels. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was applied to analyze differences in sprouting ability among functional groups. Finally, we used linear mixed models to examine the correlation between sprouting ability and topography factors.

Results: (1) Out of 63 woody plant species observed, 68.5% exhibited sprouting behavior, with 64.1% showing basal sprouting. A total of 9,668 individuals sprouted, with 6,778 exhibiting basal sprouting, representing 22.0% and 15.4% of the total plant individuals, respectively. (2) Plants in the tree layer had the highest sprouting ratio, followed by the sub-tree layer. The sprouting stem ratio and basal sprouting ratio was significantly higher in the tree and sub-tree layer, while the shrub layer had the lowest. The basal sprouting stem ratio were significantly higher in the sub-tree layer compared to the shrub layers. Evergreen species displayed significantly higher sprouting indicators than deciduous species. (3) In the tree layer, the basal sprouting ratio and basal sprouting stems ratio were positively correlated with elevation. In the sub-tree layer, the sprouting ratio was significantly correlated with convexity, while the sprouting stem ratio was significantly correlated with convexity and slope. No significant correlation was found between topographic factors and sprouting ability of shrub layer, and the sprouting ability of evergreen species was primarily influenced by convexity, while deciduous species were more influenced by elevation and slope.

Conclusion: The results of our study reveal that sprouting regeneration is prevalent among woody plants in subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forests and is largely affected by topographic factors. In addition, plant sprouting at different forest layers is regulated by various topographic factors, with deciduous plants being more susceptible to these influences compared to evergreen plants. Therefore, when examining environmental effects on plant sprouting regeneration, it is necessary to consider the variations among functional groups to better understand sprouting regeneration strategies and the ecological mechanisms behind them.

Key words: forest regeneration, sprouting plants, topographic factor, semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest, sprouting ratio, sprouting stem ratio

Mingmiao Chen, Churan Zhang, Yun Deng, Shengfa Li, Fengchang Li, Zhizhong Tang, Zhaozhe Wei, Caicai Zhang, Luxiang Lin. Effect of topographic factors on sprouting characteristics of woody plants in subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forests[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(12): 24282.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2024282

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2024/V32/I12/24282

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1 Sprouting characteristics of woody plant in the 20 ha forest dynamics plot of subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizu Mountains, Yunnan

萌生指标 Sprouting indicators	种 Species	科 Family	属 Genus
总物种数 Total species number	92	31	57
萌生/基部萌生物种数 Sprouting/basal sprouting species number	63/58	21/19	38/35
物种萌生率/物种基部萌生率 Sprouting ratio of species/basal sprouting ratio of species (%)	68.5/64.1	63.6/57.6	69.0/63.6
总个体数 Number of individuals	44,015	-	-
萌生/基部萌生个体数 Number of sprouting/basal sprouting individuals	9,668/6,778	-	-
萌生/基部萌生个体占比 Proportion of sprouting/basal sprouting individuals (%)	22.0/15.4	-	-
萌生/基部萌生率中值 Median of sprouting/basal sprouting ratio (%)	17.3/17.1	11.7/11.2	21.4/12.0
萌茎率/基部萌茎率 Sprouting stems ratio/basal sprouting stems ratio (%)	36.1/22.9	-	-
萌茎率中值/基部萌茎率中值 Median of sprouting/basal sprouting stems ratio (%)	34.2/22.9	29.1/17.8	30.0/17.8

Fig. 1 Frequency of sprouting stems and total number of sprouting stems per 20 m × 20 m plot were monitored in the 20 ha forest dynamics plot of subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizu Mountains, Yunnan

Table 2 Sprouting indictors of the top 10 species with importance value in the 20 ha forest dynamics plot of subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizu Mountains, Yunnan

物种 Species	重要值 Importance value (%)	萌生率 Sprouting ratio (%)	萌茎率 Sprouting stems ratio (%)	基部萌生率 Basal sprouting ratio (%)	基部萌茎率 Basal sprouting stems ratio (%)
银木荷 Schima argentea	22.09	15.73	22.95	10.61	14.47
白柯 Lithocarpus dealbatus	17.72	23.73	32.12	17.54	22.65
响叶杨 Populus adenopoda	5.56	4.66	5.10	3.24	3.48
尼泊尔桤木 Alnus nepalensis	5.53	10.66	12.21	4.07	4.65
五柱滇山茶 Camellia yunnanensis	4.33	35.50	67.07	22.62	35.37
元江锥 Castanopsis orthacantha	3.21	31.11	47.96	23.51	32.88
厚皮香 Ternstroemia gymnanthera	3.17	16.03	21.15	12.03	15.10
云南凹脉柃 Eurya cavinervis	3.16	23.59	37.38	18.94	28.54
云南越橘 Vaccinium duclouxii	3.05	53.73	110.75	42.66	80.13
紫药女贞 Ligustrum delavayanum	2.69	31.89	57.16	21.77	33.16

Fig. 2 Sprouting ability of plants at different vertical levels (a) and different leaf habits (b) in the 20 ha forest dynamics plot of subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizu Mountains, Yunnan (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in vertical levels and leaf habits for the same sprouting index (P < 0.05).

Fig. 3 Effect of topographic factors on plant sprouting ability at different vertical levels in the 20 ha forest dynamics plot of subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizu Mountains, Yunnan. * P < 0.05. The horizontal axis represents the standardized coefficients of the impact of topography factors on the sprouting ability of plants. Solid points and bar lines indicate the medians and 95% confidence intervals of coefficients, respectively.

Fig. 4 Effect of topography factors on plants sprouting ability at different leaf habits in the 20 ha forest dynamics plot of subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizu Mountains, Yunnan. * P < 0.05. The horizontal axis represents the standardized coefficients of the impact of topography factors on the sprouting ability of plants. Solid points and bar lines indicate the medians and 95% confidence intervals of coefficients, respectively.

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