Research advances and prospects on β diversity based on ecological uniqueness

doi:10.17520/biods.2024199

Abstract

Abstract:

Background & Aim: Ecological uniqueness is a key component of β diversity, primarily quantifying the relative contribution of each sampling site to the total variation in community composition. This concept is of great significance for biodiversity conservation and restoration. Over the past decade, ecological uniqueness has received substantial attention from ecologists and conservation biologists, leading to significant advancements in its quantifications, spatiotemporal patterns, driving mechanisms, ecological functions, and applications in biodiversity conservation. We first summarized the main methods for calculating ecological uniqueness, we then conducted a systematic review of literatures on taxonomic ecological uniqueness from 2013 to 2023. Furthermore, we elaborated on its spatiotemporal patterns and underlying mechanisms. Moreover, we explored the potential impact of ecological uniqueness on ecosystem functioning and its implications for biodiversity conservation.

Review Results: Ecological uniqueness can primarily be calculated using community composition datasets or dissimilarity matrices. Studies on ecological uniqueness are predominantly concentrated in Europe, America, and Asia, focusing mainly on animal and plant groups. Moreover, the literature reviews several key findings: (1) Ecological uniqueness exhibits clear latitudinal or elevational gradients, though these patterns differences among different biological groups and study regions. (2) Multiple abiotic and biotic factors, such as climate, soil, and community characteristics, significantly shape the ecological uniqueness of different biological groups by influencing species range size, community richness and species compositions. (3) Ecological uniqueness can promote or decrease ecosystem functioning, depending on combinations of species or the proportions of specific groups present. (4) Regions with higher ecological uniqueness often harbor a higher proportion of rare or endangered species, contributing significantly to regional biodiversity. These regions are typically considered as key areas for biodiversity conservation.

Perspectives: This review also discusses the directions of future research on ecological uniqueness, with particular emphasis on: (1) Conducting in-depth researches on multidimensional (taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic) ecological uniqueness; (2) Focusing on the patterns and driving mechanisms of ecological uniqueness across different spatiotemporal scales; (3) Applying new technologies and methods for future assessment of ecological uniqueness.

Key words: biodiversity, β diversity, ecological uniqueness, driving mechanisms, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem functioning

Yue Chen, Zikun Mao, Xugao Wang. Research advances and prospects on β diversity based on ecological uniqueness[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(12): 24199.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2024199

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2024/V32/I12/24199

Figures/Tables 5

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影响途径 Pathways	影响因素 Factors	过程 Processes	主要案例 Cases
物种分布范围 Species range size	气候稳定性、海拔、土壤 Climate stability, elevation, and soil	温度或降水的稳定性影响不同物种的分布范围或特有性(区域气候过滤假说) Regional climate stability influences ecological uniqueness by shaping species range sizes or endemism (regional climate filtering hypothesis) 海拔通过影响水热条件进而影响特定物种的分布范围; 土壤养分条件影响稀有物种的分布范围(局域环境过滤假说) Ecological uniqueness are influenced by distinct hydrological and temperature conditions along elevational gradients that determine the range size of rare species; soil properties may determine ecological uniqueness through altering the abundance of rare species (local environment filtering hypothesis)	Yao et al, 2021; Guo et al, 2022; Chen et al, 2024
群落丰富度 Community richness	历史气候、干扰强度 Historical climate and disturbance intensity	历史气候的波动通过物种形成、灭绝、扩散事件对区域物种库的大小产生遗留效应, 影响不同区域的物种数量(区域气候过滤假说) Historical climate fluctuations could impose long-lasting effects on species pool via their effects on habitat refugia, migration, range shifting or extinction events (regional climate filtering hypothesis) 人为干扰(火干扰或采伐)通过影响不同物种的资源可利用性, 影响了特定类群的物种丰富度或功能丰富度(干扰程度假说) The intensity of anthropogenic disturbance (e.g., fire or logging) influences species or functional richness through the impact on resource availability (disturbance intensity hypothesis)	Conradi et al, 2020; Wang et al, 2021, 2022
物种组成 Species composition	海拔、气候 Climate and elevation	海拔高度驱动非生物条件变化, 进一步影响物种的替换或物种丰富度的差异, 形成沿海拔梯度的不同物种组成(局域环境过滤假说) Elevation drives variations in abiotic conditions which further affect species replacement or richness differences, resulting in different species compositions along elevational gradients (local environment filtering hypothesis) 年际或季节性气候波动筛选不同的物种组合, 形成不同群落或区域间的物种组成差异性(区域气候过滤假说) Interannual or seasonal climate fluctuations might select for different combinations of species that could tolerate a wider range of environmental conditions, exhibiting differences in species composition across communities or regions (regional climate filtering hypothesis)	Wang et al, 2020; Liu et al, 2022

影响途径 Pathways	影响因素 Factors	过程 Processes	主要案例 Cases
物种分布范围 Species range size	气候稳定性、海拔、土壤 Climate stability, elevation, and soil	温度或降水的稳定性影响不同物种的分布范围或特有性(区域气候过滤假说) Regional climate stability influences ecological uniqueness by shaping species range sizes or endemism (regional climate filtering hypothesis) 海拔通过影响水热条件进而影响特定物种的分布范围; 土壤养分条件影响稀有物种的分布范围(局域环境过滤假说) Ecological uniqueness are influenced by distinct hydrological and temperature conditions along elevational gradients that determine the range size of rare species; soil properties may determine ecological uniqueness through altering the abundance of rare species (local environment filtering hypothesis)	Yao et al, 2021; Guo et al, 2022; Chen et al, 2024
群落丰富度 Community richness	历史气候、干扰强度 Historical climate and disturbance intensity	历史气候的波动通过物种形成、灭绝、扩散事件对区域物种库的大小产生遗留效应, 影响不同区域的物种数量(区域气候过滤假说) Historical climate fluctuations could impose long-lasting effects on species pool via their effects on habitat refugia, migration, range shifting or extinction events (regional climate filtering hypothesis) 人为干扰(火干扰或采伐)通过影响不同物种的资源可利用性, 影响了特定类群的物种丰富度或功能丰富度(干扰程度假说) The intensity of anthropogenic disturbance (e.g., fire or logging) influences species or functional richness through the impact on resource availability (disturbance intensity hypothesis)	Conradi et al, 2020; Wang et al, 2021, 2022
物种组成 Species composition	海拔、气候 Climate and elevation	海拔高度驱动非生物条件变化, 进一步影响物种的替换或物种丰富度的差异, 形成沿海拔梯度的不同物种组成(局域环境过滤假说) Elevation drives variations in abiotic conditions which further affect species replacement or richness differences, resulting in different species compositions along elevational gradients (local environment filtering hypothesis) 年际或季节性气候波动筛选不同的物种组合, 形成不同群落或区域间的物种组成差异性(区域气候过滤假说) Interannual or seasonal climate fluctuations might select for different combinations of species that could tolerate a wider range of environmental conditions, exhibiting differences in species composition across communities or regions (regional climate filtering hypothesis)	Wang et al, 2020; Liu et al, 2022