Community composition and structure of a 25-ha forest dynamics plot of subtropical forest in Baishanzu, Zhejiang Province

doi:10.17520/biods.2023294

Abstract

Abstract:

Aim This study surveys the species composition, floristic characteristics, size-class distribution and spatial distribution of dominant species within the subtropical evergreen forest of Baishanzu, Zhejiang Province, characterized by a complex community structure at medium-high altitudes, in order to lay a scientific foundation for the study of community assembly and species coexistence mechanisms.

Method Employing Forest Global Earth Observatory (ForestGEO) and the China Forest Biodiversity Monitoring Network protocols, we expanded the original 5-ha plot to a 25-ha forest dynamics plot within the Fengyangshan- Baishanzu National Nature Reserve in Qingyuan County, Zhejiang Province between 2014 and 2016. Surveying all woody plants with a stem diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 1 cm, we meticulously analyzed species composition, floristic characteristics, DBH class distribution, and spatial distributional patterns within the plot.

Results The plot harbored a total of 210,556 individuals of woody plants with DBH ≥ 1 cm, representing 163 species, 85 genera, and 43 families. Notably, tropical floristic elements dominated at the family level (20 families) compared to families with temperate features (17 families). At the genus level, however, the floristic characteristics of the plant community were more temperate (47 genera of temperate floristic elements versus 33 genera of tropical floristic elements). Rare and occasional species contributed significantly to species richness (35.58% and 25.77%, respectively). Evergreen species constituted 55.21% of the total species richness, with 25 species having high importance values (IV) ≥ 0.01, accounting for the majority of abundance (85.84%) and basal area (91.18%). Dominant species with the highest IV included Rhododendron latoucheae, Pinus taiwanensis, and Cunninghamia lanceolata. The plot exhibited successful regeneration, as indicated by an inverted “J” shaped diameter class distribution with a greater number of individuals in the smaller DBH classes. All the dominant species exhibited aggregated spatial distribution across scales (1-100 m) and exhibited habitat preferences.

Conclusion The majority of species presented in the forest dynamics plot are temperate floristic elements and evergreen species, which are the characteristics of medium-high altitude evergreen forest in East China. The dominant species in the plot have significant association with habitat, which suggests that habitat filtering plays an important role in the distribution of woody plants in this area.

Key words: Baishanzu Nature Reserve, forest dynamics plot, floristic composition, medium-high altitude evergreen forest, community structure

Xiaolin Liu, Yougui Wu, Minhua Zhang, Xiaorong Chen, Zhicheng Zhu, Dingyun Chen, Shu Dong, Buhang Li, Bingyang Ding, Yu Liu. Community composition and structure of a 25-ha forest dynamics plot of subtropical forest in Baishanzu, Zhejiang Province[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(2): 23294.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2023294

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2024/V32/I2/23294

Figures/Tables 8

References 40

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物种名 Species name	相对密度 Relative density	相对胸高断面积 Relative basal area	相对频度 Relative frequency	重要值 Importance value (%)
鹿角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	0.18	0.06	0.03	9.17
黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	0.03	0.22	0.02	9.01
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	0.04	0.14	0.01	6.38
木荷 Schima superba	0.04	0.11	0.03	5.78
微毛柃 Eurya hebeclados	0.11	0.03	0.03	5.49
尖连蕊茶 Camellia cuspidata	0.07	0.03	0.03	4.04
多脉青冈 Quercus multinervis	0.03	0.05	0.03	3.75
窄基红褐柃 Eurya rubiginosa var. attenuata	0.08	0.01	0.03	3.74
光叶水青冈 Fagus lucida	0.01	0.05	0.02	2.81
云锦杜鹃 Rhododendron fortunei	0.03	0.02	0.02	2.58
短尾柯 Lithocarpus brevicaudatus	0.01	0.04	0.02	2.34
石灰花楸 Sorbus folgneri	0.03	0.02	0.02	2.21
厚叶红淡比 Cleyera pachyphylla	0.03	0.01	0.02	2.09
翅柃 Eurya alata	0.04	0.00	0.02	2.01
硬壳柯 Lithocarpus hancei	0.01	0.04	0.02	1.94
褐叶青冈 Quercus stewardiana	0.01	0.02	0.02	1.77
交让木 Daphniphyllum macropodum	0.01	0.02	0.02	1.62
水丝梨 Sycopsis sinensis	0.02	0.01	0.01	1.56
香冬青 Ilex suaveolens	0.02	0.01	0.02	1.54
光亮山矾 Symplocos lucida	0.01	0.01	0.02	1.44
显脉冬青 Ilex editicostata	0.01	0.01	0.02	1.21
浙闽新木姜子 Neolitsea aurata var. undulatula	0.01	0.00	0.02	1.16
马银花 Rhododendron ovatum	0.02	0.00	0.01	1.07
中华石楠 Photinia beauverdiana	0.01	0.01	0.02	1.05
大萼杨桐 Adinandra glischroloma var. macrosepala	0.01	0.00	0.02	1.02
其他 Others	0.14	0.09	0.47	23.20
合计 Total	1	1	1	100

物种名 Species name	相对密度 Relative density	相对胸高断面积 Relative basal area	相对频度 Relative frequency	重要值 Importance value (%)
鹿角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	0.18	0.06	0.03	9.17
黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	0.03	0.22	0.02	9.01
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	0.04	0.14	0.01	6.38
木荷 Schima superba	0.04	0.11	0.03	5.78
微毛柃 Eurya hebeclados	0.11	0.03	0.03	5.49
尖连蕊茶 Camellia cuspidata	0.07	0.03	0.03	4.04
多脉青冈 Quercus multinervis	0.03	0.05	0.03	3.75
窄基红褐柃 Eurya rubiginosa var. attenuata	0.08	0.01	0.03	3.74
光叶水青冈 Fagus lucida	0.01	0.05	0.02	2.81
云锦杜鹃 Rhododendron fortunei	0.03	0.02	0.02	2.58
短尾柯 Lithocarpus brevicaudatus	0.01	0.04	0.02	2.34
石灰花楸 Sorbus folgneri	0.03	0.02	0.02	2.21
厚叶红淡比 Cleyera pachyphylla	0.03	0.01	0.02	2.09
翅柃 Eurya alata	0.04	0.00	0.02	2.01
硬壳柯 Lithocarpus hancei	0.01	0.04	0.02	1.94
褐叶青冈 Quercus stewardiana	0.01	0.02	0.02	1.77
交让木 Daphniphyllum macropodum	0.01	0.02	0.02	1.62
水丝梨 Sycopsis sinensis	0.02	0.01	0.01	1.56
香冬青 Ilex suaveolens	0.02	0.01	0.02	1.54
光亮山矾 Symplocos lucida	0.01	0.01	0.02	1.44
显脉冬青 Ilex editicostata	0.01	0.01	0.02	1.21
浙闽新木姜子 Neolitsea aurata var. undulatula	0.01	0.00	0.02	1.16
马银花 Rhododendron ovatum	0.02	0.00	0.01	1.07
中华石楠 Photinia beauverdiana	0.01	0.01	0.02	1.05
大萼杨桐 Adinandra glischroloma var. macrosepala	0.01	0.00	0.02	1.02
其他 Others	0.14	0.09	0.47	23.20
合计 Total	1	1	1	100

分布区类型 Distribution area types	科数 No. of families	属数 No. of genera	物种数 No. of species
1. 世界分布 Cosmopolitan	6	1	1
2. 泛热带分布 Pantropic	10	14	38
3. 热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布 Tropical Asia and Tropical America disjuncted	5	5	12
4. 旧世界热带分布 Old World Tropical	1	2	2
5. 热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布 Tropical Asia to Tropical Australasia	1	2	3
6. 热带亚洲至热带非洲分布 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa	1	1	1
7. 热带亚洲分布 Tropical Asia	2	9	14
热带成分(分布型2-7) Tropical elements (2-7)	20	33	70
8. 北温带分布 North Temperate	12	17	49
9. 东亚和北美洲间断分布 East Asia and North America disjuncted	4	17	25
10. 旧世界温带 Old World Temperate	0	3	4
12. 地中海区、西亚至中亚分布 Mediterranean, West Asia to Central Asia	1	0	0
14. 东亚分布 East Asia	0	10	10
温带成分(分布型8-14) Temperate elements (8-14)	17	47	88
15. 中国特有分布 Endemic to China	0	4	4
总计 Total	43	85	163

分布区类型 Distribution area types	科数 No. of families	属数 No. of genera	物种数 No. of species
1. 世界分布 Cosmopolitan	6	1	1
2. 泛热带分布 Pantropic	10	14	38
3. 热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布 Tropical Asia and Tropical America disjuncted	5	5	12
4. 旧世界热带分布 Old World Tropical	1	2	2
5. 热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布 Tropical Asia to Tropical Australasia	1	2	3
6. 热带亚洲至热带非洲分布 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa	1	1	1
7. 热带亚洲分布 Tropical Asia	2	9	14
热带成分(分布型2-7) Tropical elements (2-7)	20	33	70
8. 北温带分布 North Temperate	12	17	49
9. 东亚和北美洲间断分布 East Asia and North America disjuncted	4	17	25
10. 旧世界温带 Old World Temperate	0	3	4
12. 地中海区、西亚至中亚分布 Mediterranean, West Asia to Central Asia	1	0	0
14. 东亚分布 East Asia	0	10	10
温带成分(分布型8-14) Temperate elements (8-14)	17	47	88
15. 中国特有分布 Endemic to China	0	4	4
总计 Total	43	85	163

胸径 DBH (cm)	植株数 No. of stems	科数 No. of families	属数 No. of genera	物种数 No. of species
≥ 1.0	210,556	43	85	163
≥ 5.0	68,191	35	74	133
≥ 10.0	27,770	35	71	114
≥ 15.0	15,512	34	65	93
≥ 20.0	8,131	27	52	73
≥ 40.0	228	9	13	15