Fish diversity and distribution in the source region of the Yangtze River in Qinghai Province

doi:10.17520/biods.2024494

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: The study aims to investigate the fish composition and diversity patterns in the source region of the Yangtze River, one of the most critical water conservation zones worldwide.

Methods: Field surveys were conducted in the headwaters of the Yangtze River, including the Tuotuo, Chumaer, Dam Qu, Tongtian, and Dadu rivers in Qinghai Province from 2021 to 2022. Data on the presence and abundance of fish, as well as environmental factors, were collected during the surveys.

Results: A total of 26 species (and subspecies) were recorded in the field surveys, belonging to 12 genera, 3 families, and 2 orders. Analysis of the index of relative importance (IRI) revealed that Schizopygopsis malacanthus and Herzensteinia microcephalus were the dominant species. Seven species are newly recorded, including four native species and three non-native species. Alpha diversity indices showed higher species diversity in the Tongtian and Dadu rivers compared to other tributaries, while the Yalong River exhibited a more uneven species distribution. Similarity coefficient analysis and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) indicated significant differences in species composition among tributaries, highlighting the influence of geographic isolation and ecological adaptation on fish diversity. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed notable differences in fish community structures across different river systems, with water temperature and altitude identified as key determinant factors. Spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated that the fish distribution patterns were random, with a slight tendency towards clustering. The Getis-Ord Gi* analysis identified two hotspots in the Dadu and the Tongtian rivers.

Conclusion: This study provides updated information on the fish composition in headwaters of the Yangtze River and enhances our understanding of spatial variations in fish diversity in the region. These findings lay the foundation for scientific management and conservation of native fish in the source region of the Yangtze River.

Key words: Qinghai Province, the source region of the Yangtze River, fish diversity, fish species composition, spatial distribution

Ma Wenjun, Liu Sijia, Li Kemao, Jian Shenglong, Xue Chang’an, Han Qingxiango, Wei Jinliang, Chen Shengxue, Niu Yimeng, Cui Zhouping, Sui Ruichen, Tian Fei, Zhao Kai. Fish diversity and distribution in the source region of the Yangtze River in Qinghai Province[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2025, 33(2): 24494.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2024494

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2025/V33/I2/24494

Figures/Tables 8

References 34

[1]	Bray JR, Curtis JT (1957) An ordination of the upland forest communities of southern Wisconsin. Ecological Monographs, 27, 325-349.
[2]	Cao WX (2000) Fauna Sinica · Osteichthyes · Cypriniformes (I). Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[ 曹文宣 (2000) 中国动物志 · 硬骨鱼纲 · 鲤形目(上卷). 科学出版社, 北京.]
[3]	Chen YY, Chen YF, Liu HZ (1996) Studies on the position of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau region in zoogeographic divisions and its eastern demarcation line. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 20, 97-103. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 陈宜瑜, 陈毅峰, 刘焕章 (1996) 青藏高原动物地理区的地位和东部界线问题. 水生生物学报, 20, 97-103.]
[4]	Ding RH (1994) The Fishes of Sichuan, China. Sichuan Publishing House of Science & Technology, Chengdu. (in Chinese)
	[ 丁瑞华 (1994) 四川鱼类志. 四川科学技术出版社, 成都.]
[5]	Feng CG, Tong C, Zhang RY, Li GG, Wang HKY, Tang YT, Zhang CF, Zhao K (2017) Biodiversity and distribution patterns of Triplophysa species in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Biodiversity Science, 25, 53-61. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 冯晨光, 童超, 张仁意, 李国刚, 王贺崐元, 汤永涛, 张存芳, 赵凯 (2017) 青藏高原东北部边缘高原鳅属鱼类的多样性与分布格局. 生物多样性, 25, 53-61.] DOI
[6]	Guo YS, Sun ZY, He XH, Jin W, Chen YL (2021) Colored Atlas of Fishes in Sichuan. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[ 郭延蜀, 孙治宇, 何兴恒, 靳伟, 陈玉龙 (2021) 四川鱼类原色图志. 科学出版社, 北京.]
[7]	Han LX, Wang YJ, Liu X (2024) Comparisons between non-native species invasion and native species range expansion. Biodiversity Science, 32, 23396. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI
	[ 韩丽霞, 王永健, 刘宣 (2024) 外来物种入侵与本土物种分布区扩张的异同. 生物多样性, 32, 23396.] DOI
[8]	He SP, Cao WX, Chen YY (2001) Uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and isolation and differentiation of fishes (Siluriformes: Carpidae). Scientia Sinica Vitae, 31, 185-192. (in Chinese)
	[ 何舜平, 曹文宣, 陈宜瑜 (2001) 青藏高原的隆升与鰋鮡鱼类(鲇形目: 鮡科)的隔离分化. 中国科学(C辑: 生命科学), 31, 185-192.]
[9]	Hua QZM (2019) How to promote the construction of ecological environment monitoring network under the background of the big data era. Journal of Qinghai Environment, 29, 165-168. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 华青卓玛 (2019) 大数据时代背景下如何推进生态环境监测网络建设. 青海环境, 29, 165-168.]
[10]	Jaccard P (1912) The distribution of the flora in the alpine zone. New Phytologist, 11, 37-50.
[11]	Jiang GS, Li JZ (2021) Research advances and perspectives on habitat assessment and protection of endangered mammals of China. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 41, 604-613. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 姜广顺, 李京芝 (2021) 中国濒危兽类栖息地评估与保护研究进展与展望. 兽类学报, 41, 604-613.] DOI
[12]	Li Q, Zhu JH, Xiao WF (2019) Relationships and trade-offs between, and management of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 39, 2655-2666. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 李奇, 朱建华, 肖文发 (2019) 生物多样性与生态系统服务——关系、权衡与管理. 生态学报, 39, 2655-2666.]
[13]	Li W (2021) Artificial Propagation of Herzensteinia microcephalus (Herzenstein, 1891) in the Southern Headwaters of the Yangtze River. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 37(12), 8-13. (in Chinese)
	[ 李伟 (2021) 长江南源小头裸裂尻鱼人工繁殖技术. 长江科学院院报, 37(12), 8-13.]
[14]	Li XQ, Zheng J, Wan ZK, Zeng RK, Ding YW, Song YX, Zhao CX, Feng, X, Ni DF, Fu M, Yao WZ, Lü HJ (2023) Population structure and growth characteristics of Gymnodiptychus pachycheilus in the middle reach of Yalong River. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 43, 6833-6850. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 李筱芹, 郑江, 万卓坤, 曾如奎, 丁钰玮, 宋以兴, 赵春娴, 冯雪, 倪达富, 付梅, 姚维志, 吕红健 (2023) 雅砻江中游厚唇裸重唇鱼种群结构与生长研究. 生态学报, 43, 6833-6850.]
[15]	Meyer AS, Pigot AL, Merow C, Kaschner K, Garilao C, Reyes KK, Trisos CH (2024) Temporal dynamics of climate change exposure and opportunities for global marine biodiversity. Nature Communications, 15, 5836. DOI PMID
[16]	Moran PP (1950) Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena. Biometrika, 37, 17-23. PMID
[17]	Oksanen J, Kindt R, Legendre P, O’Hara B, Stevens H, Henry M, Simpson LG, Solymos P, Maintainer HW (2009) The vegan package. Community Ecology Package, 10, 719-719.
[18]	Ord JK, Getis A (1995) Local spatial autocorrelation statistics: Distributional issues and an application. Geographical Analysis, 27, 286-306.
[19]	Pielou EC (1975) Ecological Diversity. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
[20]	Pinkas L, Oliphant MS, Iverson ILK (1971) Food habits of albacore, bluefin tuna, and bonito in California waters. California Department of Fish and Game Fish Bulletin, 152, 1-105.
[21]	Shannon CE, Weaver W (1949) The Mathematical Theory of Communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
[22]	Simpson EH (1949) Measurement of diversity. Nature, 163, 688.
[23]	Tang WJ, He DK (2015) Investigation on alien fishes in Qinghai Province (2001-2014), China. Journal of Lake Sciences, 27, 502-510. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 唐文家, 何德奎 (2015) 青海省外来鱼类调查(2001-2014年). 湖泊科学, 27, 502-510.]
[24]	Tang WJ, Wang M, Li KM (2005) Indigenous fish in Qinghai Province. Chinese Journal of Fisheries, 18, 13-17. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 唐文家, 王猛, 李柯懋 (2005) 青海省土著鱼类名录. 水产学杂志, 18, 13-17.]
[25]	Tian SK, Wang YF, Chen XY, Shi YL (2022) Atlas of Fish in Yunnan. Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming. (in Chinese)
	[ 田树魁, 王云峰, 陈小勇, 石永伦 (2022) 云南鱼类图集. 云南科技出版社, 昆明.]
[26]	Wang WJ, Fang YH, Yang Z, Huang J, He CH, Du X (2023) Fish community structure and diversity in the Leshan Section of Dadu River. Journal of Hydroecology, 44, 62-69. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 王文君, 方艳红, 杨钟, 黄晋, 何春华, 杜霞 (2023) 大渡河乐山段鱼类群落结构及其多样性分布特征. 水生态学杂志, 44, 62-69.]
[27]	Wu JM, Wang H, Huo LJ, Du H, Wang CY, Wei QW (2015) Resource quantity and distribution characteristics of two fish species in the Make River. Freshwater Fisheries, 45(5), 46-49. (in Chinese)
	[ 吴金明, 王昊, 霍来江, 杜浩, 王成友, 危起伟 (2015) 玛柯河两种鱼类的资源量及分布特征. 淡水渔业, 45(5), 46-49.]
[28]	Wu YF, Wu CZ (1991) The Fishes of the Qinghai-Xizang Platea. Sichuan Pubilshing House of Science & Technology, Chengdu. (in Chinese)
	[ 武云飞, 吴翠珍 (1991) 青藏高原鱼类. 四川科学技术出版社, 成都.]
[29]	Yang CJ, Gao Q, Liu D, Nie MM, Wang FY, Li KM, Zhao H, Zhang CF, Qi DL (2022) Genetic diversity of Schizopygopsis malacanthus based on partial sequence of mtDNA D-loop. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 41, 398-405. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 杨朝杰, 高强, 刘丹, 聂苗苗, 王发艳, 李柯懋, 赵宏, 张存芳, 祁得林 (2022) 基于mtDNA D-loop部分序列的软刺裸裂尻鱼遗传多样性分析. 四川动物, 41, 398-405.]
[30]	Yue PQ (2000) Fauna Sinica · Osteichthyes · Cypriniformes (III). Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[ 乐佩琦 (2000) 中国动物志 · 硬骨鱼纲 · 鲤形目 (下卷). 科学出版社, 北京.]
[31]	Zhang YY, He H, Ma HX, Guo MY, Zhang YW, Feng S (2024) Comparative and phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial genomes of Heizensteinia microcephalus and Chuanchia labiosa. Journal of Zoology, 59, 743-753. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 张亚颖, 何慧, 马海霞, 郭铭炎, 张玉婉, 封烁 (2024) 小头高原鱼和骨唇黄河鱼线粒体基因组比较及系统发育分析. 动物学杂志, 59, 743-753.]
[32]	Zhang YY, Zhou LZ, Wang QS, Wang XJ, Xing YJ (2008) Distribution pattern and hotspot analysis of breeding birds in Anhui Province. Biodiversity Science, 16, 305-312. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI
	[ 张有瑜, 周立志, 王岐山, 王新建, 邢雅俊 (2008) 安徽省繁殖鸟类分布格局和热点区分析. 生物多样性, 16, 305-312.] DOI
[33]	Zhang ZP, Yao CY, Wu L, Luo ZL, Sun G, Guo ZY, Li XS, Lin F, Chen XY (2024) Fish diversity and threat factors in the Yunnan section of the Nujiang River. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24076. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI
	[ 张作鹏, 要晨阳, 吴玲, 罗遵兰, 孙光, 郭宗勇, 李晓思, 林峰, 陈小勇 (2024) 怒江云南段鱼类多样性现状与威胁因子. 生物多样性, 32, 24076.] DOI
[34]	Zhu SQ (1989) Notes on China Loach. Phoenix Science Press Ltd, Nanjing. (in Chinese)
	[ 朱松泉 (1989) 中国条鳅志. 江苏科学技术出版社, 南京.]

物种 Species	IRI IRI	优势度类型 Dominance type
软刺裸裂尻鱼 Schizopygopsis malacanthus	1,012.50	优势种 Ds
小头高原鱼 Herzensteinia microcephalus	1,009.62	优势种 Ds
裸腹叶须鱼 Ptychobarbus kaznakovi	760.45	常见种 C
大渡软刺裸裂尻鱼 Schizopygopsis malacanthus chengi	496.91	常见种 C
细尾高原鳅 Triplophysa stenura	260.30	常见种 C
麻尔柯河高原鳅Triplophysa markehenensis	122.07	常见种 C
修长高原鳅 Triplophysa leptosoma	73.24	一般种 G
斯氏高原鳅 Triplophysa stoliczkae	66.78	一般种 G
长丝裂腹鱼 Schizothorax dolichonema	35.19	一般种 G
东方高原鳅 Triplophysa orientalis	26.93	一般种 G
小眼高原鳅 Triplophysa microps	15.08	一般种 G
短须裂腹鱼 Schizothorax wangchiachii	12.57	一般种 G
松潘裸鲤 Gymnocypris potanini	11.13	一般种 G
圆腹高原鳅 Triplophysa rotundiventris	5.03	偶见种 R
齐口裂腹鱼 Schizothorax prenanti	4.31	偶见种 R
似贝氏高原鳅 Triplophysa aff. bleekeri	3.23	偶见种 R
黄石爬鮡 Chimarrichthys kishinouyei	2.87	偶见种 R
鲫 Carassius auratus	2.51	偶见种 R
异尾高原鳅 Triplophysa stewarti	2.51	偶见种 R
重口裂腹鱼 Schizothorax (Racoma) davidi	2.15	偶见种 R
唐古拉高原鳅 Triplophysa tanggulaensis	1.44	偶见种 R
泥鳅 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus	1.08	偶见种 R
褚氏鮡 Pareuchiloglanis chui	0.72	偶见种 R
四川裂腹鱼 Schizothorax (Racoma) kozlovi	0.72	偶见种 R
厚唇裸重唇鱼 Gymnodiptychus pachycheilus	0.72	偶见种 R
大鳞副泥鳅 Paramisgurnus dabryanus	0.36	偶见种 R

物种 Species	IRI IRI	优势度类型 Dominance type
软刺裸裂尻鱼 Schizopygopsis malacanthus	1,012.50	优势种 Ds
小头高原鱼 Herzensteinia microcephalus	1,009.62	优势种 Ds
裸腹叶须鱼 Ptychobarbus kaznakovi	760.45	常见种 C
大渡软刺裸裂尻鱼 Schizopygopsis malacanthus chengi	496.91	常见种 C
细尾高原鳅 Triplophysa stenura	260.30	常见种 C
麻尔柯河高原鳅Triplophysa markehenensis	122.07	常见种 C
修长高原鳅 Triplophysa leptosoma	73.24	一般种 G
斯氏高原鳅 Triplophysa stoliczkae	66.78	一般种 G
长丝裂腹鱼 Schizothorax dolichonema	35.19	一般种 G
东方高原鳅 Triplophysa orientalis	26.93	一般种 G
小眼高原鳅 Triplophysa microps	15.08	一般种 G
短须裂腹鱼 Schizothorax wangchiachii	12.57	一般种 G
松潘裸鲤 Gymnocypris potanini	11.13	一般种 G
圆腹高原鳅 Triplophysa rotundiventris	5.03	偶见种 R
齐口裂腹鱼 Schizothorax prenanti	4.31	偶见种 R
似贝氏高原鳅 Triplophysa aff. bleekeri	3.23	偶见种 R
黄石爬鮡 Chimarrichthys kishinouyei	2.87	偶见种 R
鲫 Carassius auratus	2.51	偶见种 R
异尾高原鳅 Triplophysa stewarti	2.51	偶见种 R
重口裂腹鱼 Schizothorax (Racoma) davidi	2.15	偶见种 R
唐古拉高原鳅 Triplophysa tanggulaensis	1.44	偶见种 R
泥鳅 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus	1.08	偶见种 R
褚氏鮡 Pareuchiloglanis chui	0.72	偶见种 R
四川裂腹鱼 Schizothorax (Racoma) kozlovi	0.72	偶见种 R
厚唇裸重唇鱼 Gymnodiptychus pachycheilus	0.72	偶见种 R
大鳞副泥鳅 Paramisgurnus dabryanus	0.36	偶见种 R

河流 River	楚玛尔河 Chumaer	沱沱河 Tuotuo	大渡河 Dadu	雅砻江 Yalong	当曲 Dam Qu
通天河 Tongtian	0.22	0.16	0.12	0.10	0.18
楚玛尔河Chumaer		0.25	0.14	0.11	0.60
沱沱河 Tuotuo			0.14	0.25	0.33
大渡河 Dadu				0.14	0.08
雅砻江 Yalong					0.00

河流 River	楚玛尔河 Chumaer	沱沱河 Tuotuo	大渡河 Dadu	雅砻江 Yalong	当曲 Dam Qu
通天河 Tongtian	0.22	0.16	0.12	0.10	0.18
楚玛尔河Chumaer		0.25	0.14	0.11	0.60
沱沱河 Tuotuo			0.14	0.25	0.33
大渡河 Dadu				0.14	0.08
雅砻江 Yalong					0.00