Habitat association and community classification of woody plants in the 20 ha forest dynamics plot of subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizu Mountains, Yunnan

doi:10.17520/biods.2023393

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: In western China, the subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in Dali is one of zonal vegetation areas, with the largest continuous distribution in the Jizu Mountains. This study surveys the species composition, habitat association, and community types within a 20 ha forest dynamics plot, in order to lay a scientific foundation for the study of community assembly mechanisms and species coexistence within the subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forests, and to provide a theoretical basis for biodiversity conservation in this kind of vegetational zone.

Methods: In 2021-2022, applying the protocol set forth by CTFS-ForestGEO, we established a 20 ha subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in the Yujin’an State-owned Forest Farm in Dali, Yunnan Province. In this plot, all free-standing woody plants with DBH ≥ 1 cm were tagged, measured, and identified at the species level. Using the collected data, we analyzed floristic composition, community classification via a multivariate regression tree, and habitat association based on the spatial point pattern method.

Results: In the allotted zone, there were 43,424 individuals with DBH ≥ 1 cm, spanning 31 families with 57 genera and specific 92 species. The areal-type of families were predominantly tropical, which accounted for 67.7% of families; the areal-type of genera were predominantly temperate, which accounted for 50.9% of genera; and the areal-type of species were predominantly endemic (to China), which accounted for 42.4% of species. Among 52 targeted species, 44 had significant positive associations with at least one habitat and 35 had significant negative associations with at least one habitat. The habitat type with the largest amount of species significantly associated was low-altitude valleys. Within the forest dynamics plot, the community type was mainly affected by convexity and altitude, and could be divided into three associations: (1) Ligustrum delavayanum+Camellia yunnanensis-Lithocarpus dealbatus+Schima argenteaAssociation; (2) Lyonia ovalifolia+Pieris Formosa-Schima argentea+Lithocarpus dealbatusAssociation; (3) Craibiodendron yunnanense+Vaccinium duclouxii-Lithocarpus dealbatus+Schima argenteaAssociation.

Conclusion: Semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest is the representative vegetation of the plot, which is the horizontal zonal vegetation within the subtropical zone in western China. The vast majority of species in the plot have significant association with habitat, which suggests that habitat filtering plays an important role in the distribution of woody plants in this area. Topography dominates the classification of community types.

Key words: floristic composition, habitat association, multivariate regression tree, community classification, subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest, Jizhu Mountains

Churan Zhang, Shengfa Li, Fengchang Li, Zhizhong Tang, Huiyan Liu, Lihong Wang, Rong Gu, Yun Deng, Zhiming Zhang, Luxiang Lin. Habitat association and community classification of woody plants in the 20 ha forest dynamics plot of subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizu Mountains, Yunnan[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(1): 23393.

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Figures/Tables 9

References 57

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序号 Rank	物种 Species	个体数 Individual no.	相对多度 Relative abundance (%)	相对胸高断面积 Relative basal area (%)	重要值 Importance value
1	银木荷 Schima argentea	13,313	30.66	28.86	29.76
2	白柯 Lithocarpus dealbatus	4,970	11.45	36.29	23.87
3	尼泊尔桤木 Alnus nepalensis	516	1.19	10.87	6.03
4	响叶杨 Populus adenopoda	2,958	6.81	4.13	5.47
5	五柱滇山茶 Camellia yunnanensis	3,148	7.25	0.76	4.00
6	元江锥 Castanopsis orthacantha	736	1.69	4.66	3.18
7	厚皮香 Ternstroemia gymnanthera	1,952	4.50	1.08	2.79
8	云南越桔 Vaccinium duclouxii	1,852	4.26	0.92	2.59
9	云南金叶子 Craibiodendron yunnanense	1,401	3.23	1.09	2.16
10	云南凹脉柃 Eurya cavinervis	1,571	3.62	0.44	2.03
11	紫药女贞 Ligustrum delavayanum	1,569	3.61	0.21	1.91
12	云南松 Pinus yunnanensis	248	0.57	3.24	1.91
13	蓝黑果荚蒾 Viburnum atrocyaneum	1,334	3.07	0.33	1.70
14	白碎米花 Rhododendron spiciferum var. album	1,295	2.98	0.10	1.54
15	山鸡椒 Litsea cubeba	974	2.24	0.61	1.43
16	头状四照花 Cornus capitata	300	0.69	1.85	1.27
17	锥序荚蒾 Viburnum pyramidatum	524	1.21	0.75	0.98
18	怒江红山茶 Camellia saluenensis	749	1.72	0.13	0.93
19	江南越桔 Vaccinium mandarinorum	558	1.28	0.33	0.81
20	石灰花楸 Sorbus folgneri	253	0.58	0.70	0.64
总计 Total		40,221	92.62	97.33	94.98

序号 Rank	物种 Species	个体数 Individual no.	相对多度 Relative abundance (%)	相对胸高断面积 Relative basal area (%)	重要值 Importance value
1	银木荷 Schima argentea	13,313	30.66	28.86	29.76
2	白柯 Lithocarpus dealbatus	4,970	11.45	36.29	23.87
3	尼泊尔桤木 Alnus nepalensis	516	1.19	10.87	6.03
4	响叶杨 Populus adenopoda	2,958	6.81	4.13	5.47
5	五柱滇山茶 Camellia yunnanensis	3,148	7.25	0.76	4.00
6	元江锥 Castanopsis orthacantha	736	1.69	4.66	3.18
7	厚皮香 Ternstroemia gymnanthera	1,952	4.50	1.08	2.79
8	云南越桔 Vaccinium duclouxii	1,852	4.26	0.92	2.59
9	云南金叶子 Craibiodendron yunnanense	1,401	3.23	1.09	2.16
10	云南凹脉柃 Eurya cavinervis	1,571	3.62	0.44	2.03
11	紫药女贞 Ligustrum delavayanum	1,569	3.61	0.21	1.91
12	云南松 Pinus yunnanensis	248	0.57	3.24	1.91
13	蓝黑果荚蒾 Viburnum atrocyaneum	1,334	3.07	0.33	1.70
14	白碎米花 Rhododendron spiciferum var. album	1,295	2.98	0.10	1.54
15	山鸡椒 Litsea cubeba	974	2.24	0.61	1.43
16	头状四照花 Cornus capitata	300	0.69	1.85	1.27
17	锥序荚蒾 Viburnum pyramidatum	524	1.21	0.75	0.98
18	怒江红山茶 Camellia saluenensis	749	1.72	0.13	0.93
19	江南越桔 Vaccinium mandarinorum	558	1.28	0.33	0.81
20	石灰花楸 Sorbus folgneri	253	0.58	0.70	0.64
总计 Total		40,221	92.62	97.33	94.98

序号 Rank	科名 Family	属数 No. of genera	种数 No. of species	相对多样性 Relative diversity (%)	相对密度 Relative density (%)	相对优势度 Relative dominance (%)	重要值 Importance value
1	山茶科 Theaceae	4	5	5.38	47.74	31.26	28.13
2	壳斗科 Fagaceae	4	10	10.75	13.70	41.99	22.15
3	杜鹃花科 Ericaceae	5	14	15.05	14.81	3.14	11.00
4	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	8	12	12.90	1.46	1.13	5.17
5	桦木科 Betulaceae	1	1	1.08	1.19	10.87	4.38
6	杨柳科 Salicaceae	2	2	2.15	6.81	4.14	4.37
7	忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae	2	5	5.38	4.74	1.11	3.74
8	樟科 Lauraceae	3	4	4.30	2.80	0.68	2.59
9	木樨科 Oleaceae	2	3	3.23	3.65	0.22	2.37
10	松科 Pinaceae	1	2	2.15	0.91	3.47	2.18
总计 Total		32	58	62.37	97.82	98.00	86.08

序号 Rank	科名 Family	属数 No. of genera	种数 No. of species	相对多样性 Relative diversity (%)	相对密度 Relative density (%)	相对优势度 Relative dominance (%)	重要值 Importance value
1	山茶科 Theaceae	4	5	5.38	47.74	31.26	28.13
2	壳斗科 Fagaceae	4	10	10.75	13.70	41.99	22.15
3	杜鹃花科 Ericaceae	5	14	15.05	14.81	3.14	11.00
4	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	8	12	12.90	1.46	1.13	5.17
5	桦木科 Betulaceae	1	1	1.08	1.19	10.87	4.38
6	杨柳科 Salicaceae	2	2	2.15	6.81	4.14	4.37
7	忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae	2	5	5.38	4.74	1.11	3.74
8	樟科 Lauraceae	3	4	4.30	2.80	0.68	2.59
9	木樨科 Oleaceae	2	3	3.23	3.65	0.22	2.37
10	松科 Pinaceae	1	2	2.15	0.91	3.47	2.18
总计 Total		32	58	62.37	97.82	98.00	86.08

序号 Rank	分布区类型 Areal-types	科数 No. of families	属数 No. of genera	种数 No. of species
1	世界广布 Widespread	9 (29.0%)	2 (3.5%)	1 (1.1%)
2	泛热带(热带广布) Pan Tropical	7 (22.6%)	4 (7.0%)	5 (5.4%)
	2-1 热带亚洲-大洋洲和热带美洲 Tropical Asia-Australasia & Tropical America	1 (3.1%)	2 (3.5%)	2 (2.2%)
	2-2 热带亚洲-热带非洲-热带美洲 Tropical Asia-Tropical Africa-Tropical America	1 (3.1%)	1 (1.8%)	1 (1.1%)
3	东亚(热带、亚热带)及南美间断 East Asia (Tropical & SubTropical) & Tropical South America disjuncted	3 (9.7%)	3 (5.3%)	3 (3.3%)
4	旧世界热带 Old World Tropical	-	1 (1.8%)	1 (1.1%)
	4-1 热带亚洲、非洲和大洋洲间断分布 Tropical Asia, Tropical Africa & Tropical Australasia disjuncted	-	1 (1.8%)	1 (1.1%)
5	热带亚洲至热带大洋洲 Tropical Asia to Tropical Australasia Oceania	-	2 (3.5%)	1 (1.1%)
6	热带亚洲至热带非洲 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa	-	-	-
7	热带亚洲(即热带东南亚至印度-马来, 太平洋诸岛) Tropical Asia (Tropical Southeastern Asia to Indo-Malaya & Tropical Southwest Pacific Island)	-	4 (7.0%)	2 (2.2%)
	7-1 爪哇(或苏门答腊)、喜马拉雅间断或星散分布到我国西南、华南 Java or Sumatra, Himalaya to South & Southwest of China	-	1 (1.8%)	1 (1.1%)
	7-3 缅甸、泰国至我国西南分布 Myanmar, Thailand to Southwest of China	-	1 (1.8%)	1 (1.1%)
	热带成分(2-7)小计 Tropical elements (2-7) subtotal	21 (67.7%)	22 (38.6%)	19 (20.7%)
8	北温带广布 North Temperate	2 (6.5%)	12 (21.0%)	8 (8.7%)
	8-4 北温带和南温带间断分布 North Temperate & South Temperate disjuncted	6 (19.4%)	8 (14.0%)	3 (3.3%)
	8-5 欧亚和南美洲间断分布 Eurasia & Temperate South America disjuncted	1 (3.1%)	1 (1.8%)	-
9	东亚及北美间断分布 East Asia & North America disjuncted	-	7 (12.3%)	2 (2.2%)
10	旧世界温带 Old World Temperate	-	1 (1.8%)	-
11	温带亚洲 Temperate Asia	-	-	-
	温带成分小计(8-11) Temperate elements (8-11) subtotal	9 (29.0%)	29 (50.9%)	26 (28.3%)
12	东亚 East Asia	1 (3.1%)	2 (3.5%)	4 (4.4%)
	14SH 中国-喜马拉雅 Sino-Himalaya	-	2 (3.5%)	14 (15.2%)
	14SJ 中国-日本 Sino-Japan	-	1 (1.8%)	3 (3.3%)
13	中国特有 Endemic to China	-	1 (1.8%)	39 (42.4%)
	总计 Total	100%	100%	100%