Biodiv Sci ›› 2011, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (6): 729-736. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08155
Special Issue: 中国的海洋生物多样性
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Received:
2011-09-01
Accepted:
2011-11-22
Online:
2011-11-20
Published:
2011-12-19
Contact:
Yulin Liao
Yulin Liao, Ning Xiao. Species composition and faunal characteristics of echinoderms in China seas[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2011, 19(6): 729-736.
海百合纲 Crinoidea (%) | 海星纲 Asteroidea (%) | 蛇尾纲 Ophiuroidea (%) | 海胆纲 Echinoidea (%) | 海参纲 Holothuroidea (%) | 总计 Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
科数 Family | 13(14.9) | 18(20.7) | 15(17.2) | 26(29.9) | 15(17.2) | 87 |
属数 Genus | 27(9.3) | 55(18.9) | 89(30.6) | 62(21.3) | 58(19.9) | 291 |
种数 Species | 44(7.4) | 86(14.6) | 221(37.4) | 93(15.7) | 147(24.9) | 591 |
Table 1 Number of families, genera and species of echinoderms in China seas. Numbers in the brackets are proportions of each pattern to total.
海百合纲 Crinoidea (%) | 海星纲 Asteroidea (%) | 蛇尾纲 Ophiuroidea (%) | 海胆纲 Echinoidea (%) | 海参纲 Holothuroidea (%) | 总计 Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
科数 Family | 13(14.9) | 18(20.7) | 15(17.2) | 26(29.9) | 15(17.2) | 87 |
属数 Genus | 27(9.3) | 55(18.9) | 89(30.6) | 62(21.3) | 58(19.9) | 291 |
种数 Species | 44(7.4) | 86(14.6) | 221(37.4) | 93(15.7) | 147(24.9) | 591 |
科名 Family | 属数 No. of genus | 种数 No. of species | 中国特有种数 No. of endemic species | 濒危种数 No. of endangered species |
---|---|---|---|---|
深海海百合科 Bathycrinidae | 1 | 1 | * | |
等节海百合科 Isocrinidae | 1 | 2 | 1 | * |
栉羽枝科 Comasteridae | 7 | 17 | 1 | * |
节羽枝科 Zygometridae | 2 | 4 | * | |
五腕羽枝科 Eudiocrinidae | 1 | 2 | * | |
美羽枝科 Himerometridae | 1 | 1 | * | |
玛丽羽枝科 Mariametridae | 3 | 3 | * | |
短羽枝科 Colobometridae | 3 | 4 | 1 | * |
脊羽枝科 Tropiometridae | 1 | 1 | * | |
花羽枝科 Calometrida | 2 | 2 | * | |
星羽枝科 Asterometridae | 2 | 3 | * | |
海羽枝科 Thalassometridae | 1 | 1 | * | |
海羊齿科 Antedonidae | 2 | 3 | * | |
砂海星科 Luidiidae | 1 | 6 | 1 | * |
槭海星科 Astropectinidae | 6 | 9 | 3 | * |
飞白枫海星科 Archasteridae | 1 | 1 | * | |
角海星科 Goniasteridae | 7 | 10 | 6 | * |
瘤海星科 Oreasteridae | 7 | 14 | 5 | 3 |
星盘海星科 Asterodiscididae | 1 | 1 | * | |
蛇海星科 Ophidiasteridae | 12 | 18 | 5 | 1 |
棒棘海星科 Mithrodiidae | 1 | 1 | * | |
长棘海星科 Acanthasteridae | 1 | 1 | * | |
锯腕海星科 Asteropseidae | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
球海星科 Sphaerasteridae | 1 | 1 | * | |
海燕科 Asterinidae | 4 | 8 | 3 | * |
旋圆海星科 Metrodiridae | 1 | 1 | * | |
棘海星科 Echinasteridae | 2 | 4 | * | |
太阳海星科 Solasteridae | 2 | 2 | * | |
翅海星科 Pterasteridae | 1 | 1 | * | |
正海星科 Zoroasteridae | 1 | 1 | * | |
海盘车科 Asteriidae | 5 | 6 | * | |
粘蛇尾科 Ophiomyxidae | 5 | 5 | 1 | * |
衣笠蔓蛇尾科 Asteronychidae | 1 | 1 | * | |
星蛇尾科 Asteroschematidae | 1 | 1 | * | |
蔓蛇尾科 Euryalidae | 4 | 9 | * | |
筐蛇尾科 Gorgonocephalidae | 6 | 7 | 1 | * |
半蔓蛇尾科 Hemieuryalidae | 1 | 1 | * | |
棘蛇尾科 Ophiacanthidae | 16 | 25 | 3 | * |
阳遂足科 Amphiuridae | 11 | 50 | 12 | * |
辐蛇尾科 Ophiactidae | 4 | 13 | 1 | * |
刺蛇尾科 Ophiotrichidae | 8 | 34 | 3 | * |
栉蛇尾科 Ophiocomidae | 5 | 15 | 1 | * |
蜒蛇尾科 Ophionereididae | 2 | 6 | 1 | * |
皮蛇尾科 Ophiodermatidae | 7 | 13 | 1 | * |
苍蛇尾科 Ophioleucidae | 3 | 3 | * | |
真蛇尾科 Ophiuridae | 15 | 38 | 4 | * |
头帕科 Cidaridae | 6 | 9 | 1 | 1 |
科名 Family | ||||
柔海胆科 Echinothuridae | ||||
疣海胆科 Phymosomatidae | 属数 No. of genus | 种数 No. of species | 中国特有种数 No. of endemic species | 濒危种数 No. of endangered species |
阿巴海胆科 Arbaciidae | 2 | 3 | * | |
口鳃海胆科 Stomopneustidae | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
平海胆科 Pedinidae | 1 | 2 | * | |
冠海胆科 Diadematidae | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
刻肋海胆科 Temnopleuridae | 1 | 1 | * | |
喇叭海胆科 Toxopneustidae | 4 | 7 | * | |
偏海胆科 Parasaleniidae | 7 | 16 | 1 | * |
长海胆科 Echinometridae | 5 | 6 | 1 | |
球海胆科 Strongylocentrotidae | 1 | 2 | * | |
斜海胆科 Echinoneidae | 4 | 4 | 2 | |
盾海胆科 Clypeasteridae | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
蛛网海胆科 Arachnoididae | 1 | 1 | * | |
饼干海胆科 Laganidae | 1 | 2 | * | |
孔盾海胆科 Astriclypeidae | 1 | 1 | * | |
枝星海胆科 Dendrasteridae | 2 | 5 | * | |
盘海胆科 Scutellidae | 2 | 3 | * | |
豆海胆科 Fibulariidae | 1 | 2 | 2 | * |
心形海胆科 Spatangidae | 1 | 1 | * | |
心口海胆科 Asterostomatidae | 2 | 5 | * | |
拉文海胆科 Loveniidae | 2 | 2 | * | |
缘带海胆科 Pericosmidae | 1 | 1 | * | |
裂星海胆科 Schizasteridae | 2 | 4 | * | |
壶海胆科 Brissidae | 1 | 1 | * | |
幽灵参科 Deimatidae | 5 | 5 | * | |
蝶参科 Psychropotidae | 5 | 6 | * | |
辛那参科 Synallactidae | 2 | 2 | * | |
海参科 Holothuriidae | 1 | 1 | * | |
刺参科 Stichopodidae | 4 | 8 | * | |
瓜参科 Cucumariidae | 5 | 39 | 2 | 36 |
硬瓜参科 Sclerodactylidae | 3 | 7 | 1 | 6 |
沙鸡子科 Phyllophoridae | 8 | 10 | 1 | 1 |
板海参科 Placothuriidae | 6 | 8 | 2 | 4 |
华纳参科 Vaneyellidae | 10 | 36 | 16 | 2 |
高球参科 Ypsilothuriidae | 1 | 2 | * | |
芋参科 Molpadiidae | 1 | 1 | * | |
尻参科 Caudinidae | 1 | 1 | * | |
锚参科 Synaptidae | 1 | 3 | 2 | * |
指参科 Chiridotidae | 3 | 8 | 4 | 2 |
合计 Total | 10 | 18 | 3 | 3 |
Table 2 Number of genera, species, endemic species and endangered species in each family of Echinodermata in China seas
科名 Family | 属数 No. of genus | 种数 No. of species | 中国特有种数 No. of endemic species | 濒危种数 No. of endangered species |
---|---|---|---|---|
深海海百合科 Bathycrinidae | 1 | 1 | * | |
等节海百合科 Isocrinidae | 1 | 2 | 1 | * |
栉羽枝科 Comasteridae | 7 | 17 | 1 | * |
节羽枝科 Zygometridae | 2 | 4 | * | |
五腕羽枝科 Eudiocrinidae | 1 | 2 | * | |
美羽枝科 Himerometridae | 1 | 1 | * | |
玛丽羽枝科 Mariametridae | 3 | 3 | * | |
短羽枝科 Colobometridae | 3 | 4 | 1 | * |
脊羽枝科 Tropiometridae | 1 | 1 | * | |
花羽枝科 Calometrida | 2 | 2 | * | |
星羽枝科 Asterometridae | 2 | 3 | * | |
海羽枝科 Thalassometridae | 1 | 1 | * | |
海羊齿科 Antedonidae | 2 | 3 | * | |
砂海星科 Luidiidae | 1 | 6 | 1 | * |
槭海星科 Astropectinidae | 6 | 9 | 3 | * |
飞白枫海星科 Archasteridae | 1 | 1 | * | |
角海星科 Goniasteridae | 7 | 10 | 6 | * |
瘤海星科 Oreasteridae | 7 | 14 | 5 | 3 |
星盘海星科 Asterodiscididae | 1 | 1 | * | |
蛇海星科 Ophidiasteridae | 12 | 18 | 5 | 1 |
棒棘海星科 Mithrodiidae | 1 | 1 | * | |
长棘海星科 Acanthasteridae | 1 | 1 | * | |
锯腕海星科 Asteropseidae | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
球海星科 Sphaerasteridae | 1 | 1 | * | |
海燕科 Asterinidae | 4 | 8 | 3 | * |
旋圆海星科 Metrodiridae | 1 | 1 | * | |
棘海星科 Echinasteridae | 2 | 4 | * | |
太阳海星科 Solasteridae | 2 | 2 | * | |
翅海星科 Pterasteridae | 1 | 1 | * | |
正海星科 Zoroasteridae | 1 | 1 | * | |
海盘车科 Asteriidae | 5 | 6 | * | |
粘蛇尾科 Ophiomyxidae | 5 | 5 | 1 | * |
衣笠蔓蛇尾科 Asteronychidae | 1 | 1 | * | |
星蛇尾科 Asteroschematidae | 1 | 1 | * | |
蔓蛇尾科 Euryalidae | 4 | 9 | * | |
筐蛇尾科 Gorgonocephalidae | 6 | 7 | 1 | * |
半蔓蛇尾科 Hemieuryalidae | 1 | 1 | * | |
棘蛇尾科 Ophiacanthidae | 16 | 25 | 3 | * |
阳遂足科 Amphiuridae | 11 | 50 | 12 | * |
辐蛇尾科 Ophiactidae | 4 | 13 | 1 | * |
刺蛇尾科 Ophiotrichidae | 8 | 34 | 3 | * |
栉蛇尾科 Ophiocomidae | 5 | 15 | 1 | * |
蜒蛇尾科 Ophionereididae | 2 | 6 | 1 | * |
皮蛇尾科 Ophiodermatidae | 7 | 13 | 1 | * |
苍蛇尾科 Ophioleucidae | 3 | 3 | * | |
真蛇尾科 Ophiuridae | 15 | 38 | 4 | * |
头帕科 Cidaridae | 6 | 9 | 1 | 1 |
科名 Family | ||||
柔海胆科 Echinothuridae | ||||
疣海胆科 Phymosomatidae | 属数 No. of genus | 种数 No. of species | 中国特有种数 No. of endemic species | 濒危种数 No. of endangered species |
阿巴海胆科 Arbaciidae | 2 | 3 | * | |
口鳃海胆科 Stomopneustidae | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
平海胆科 Pedinidae | 1 | 2 | * | |
冠海胆科 Diadematidae | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
刻肋海胆科 Temnopleuridae | 1 | 1 | * | |
喇叭海胆科 Toxopneustidae | 4 | 7 | * | |
偏海胆科 Parasaleniidae | 7 | 16 | 1 | * |
长海胆科 Echinometridae | 5 | 6 | 1 | |
球海胆科 Strongylocentrotidae | 1 | 2 | * | |
斜海胆科 Echinoneidae | 4 | 4 | 2 | |
盾海胆科 Clypeasteridae | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
蛛网海胆科 Arachnoididae | 1 | 1 | * | |
饼干海胆科 Laganidae | 1 | 2 | * | |
孔盾海胆科 Astriclypeidae | 1 | 1 | * | |
枝星海胆科 Dendrasteridae | 2 | 5 | * | |
盘海胆科 Scutellidae | 2 | 3 | * | |
豆海胆科 Fibulariidae | 1 | 2 | 2 | * |
心形海胆科 Spatangidae | 1 | 1 | * | |
心口海胆科 Asterostomatidae | 2 | 5 | * | |
拉文海胆科 Loveniidae | 2 | 2 | * | |
缘带海胆科 Pericosmidae | 1 | 1 | * | |
裂星海胆科 Schizasteridae | 2 | 4 | * | |
壶海胆科 Brissidae | 1 | 1 | * | |
幽灵参科 Deimatidae | 5 | 5 | * | |
蝶参科 Psychropotidae | 5 | 6 | * | |
辛那参科 Synallactidae | 2 | 2 | * | |
海参科 Holothuriidae | 1 | 1 | * | |
刺参科 Stichopodidae | 4 | 8 | * | |
瓜参科 Cucumariidae | 5 | 39 | 2 | 36 |
硬瓜参科 Sclerodactylidae | 3 | 7 | 1 | 6 |
沙鸡子科 Phyllophoridae | 8 | 10 | 1 | 1 |
板海参科 Placothuriidae | 6 | 8 | 2 | 4 |
华纳参科 Vaneyellidae | 10 | 36 | 16 | 2 |
高球参科 Ypsilothuriidae | 1 | 2 | * | |
芋参科 Molpadiidae | 1 | 1 | * | |
尻参科 Caudinidae | 1 | 1 | * | |
锚参科 Synaptidae | 1 | 3 | 2 | * |
指参科 Chiridotidae | 3 | 8 | 4 | 2 |
合计 Total | 10 | 18 | 3 | 3 |
分布类型 Distribution patterns | 种数 No. of species | |
---|---|---|
冷水种 Cold water species | ||
北寒温带种 North hemisphere boreal species | 1 | |
北温带两洋种 Amphi-boreal species | 2 | |
北太平洋温带种 North Pacific temperate species | 3 | |
北太平洋两岸种 Amphi-Pacific temperate species | 2 | |
西北太平洋温带种 Temperate species common to northwest Pacific waters | 11 | |
黄海-日本特有北温带种 Temperate species common to Japanese waters and the Yellow Sea 黄海特有种 Species endemic to Yellow Sea | 7 8 | |
暖水种 Warm water species | ||
东海、南海特有种 Species endemic to East China Sea and South China Sea | 81 | |
中-日特有种 Species endemic to Chinese and Japanese waters | 67 | |
西太平洋种 West Pacific species | 106 | |
环太平洋种 Circum-Pacific species | 1 | |
印度-西太平洋种 Indo-West Pacific species | 286 | |
环热带种 Circum-tropical species | 2 | |
全球广布种 Cosmopolitan species | 14 | |
总计 Total | 591 |
Table 3 Distribution patterns of echinoderms in China seas
分布类型 Distribution patterns | 种数 No. of species | |
---|---|---|
冷水种 Cold water species | ||
北寒温带种 North hemisphere boreal species | 1 | |
北温带两洋种 Amphi-boreal species | 2 | |
北太平洋温带种 North Pacific temperate species | 3 | |
北太平洋两岸种 Amphi-Pacific temperate species | 2 | |
西北太平洋温带种 Temperate species common to northwest Pacific waters | 11 | |
黄海-日本特有北温带种 Temperate species common to Japanese waters and the Yellow Sea 黄海特有种 Species endemic to Yellow Sea | 7 8 | |
暖水种 Warm water species | ||
东海、南海特有种 Species endemic to East China Sea and South China Sea | 81 | |
中-日特有种 Species endemic to Chinese and Japanese waters | 67 | |
西太平洋种 West Pacific species | 106 | |
环太平洋种 Circum-Pacific species | 1 | |
印度-西太平洋种 Indo-West Pacific species | 286 | |
环热带种 Circum-tropical species | 2 | |
全球广布种 Cosmopolitan species | 14 | |
总计 Total | 591 |
海区 Seas | 冷水种 Cold water species (%) | 暖水种 Warm water species (%) | 总计 Total |
---|---|---|---|
黄、渤海 Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea | 31 (52.5) | 28 (47.5) | 59 |
东海 East China Sea | 8(3.5) | 223 (96.5) | 231 |
南海 South China Sea | 0 | 455 (100) | 455 |
Table 4 Ecological patterns of echinoderms in Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea. Numbers in the brackets are proportions of each pattern to total
海区 Seas | 冷水种 Cold water species (%) | 暖水种 Warm water species (%) | 总计 Total |
---|---|---|---|
黄、渤海 Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea | 31 (52.5) | 28 (47.5) | 59 |
东海 East China Sea | 8(3.5) | 223 (96.5) | 231 |
南海 South China Sea | 0 | 455 (100) | 455 |
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