Numerical classification of associations in a northern tropical karst seasonal rain forest and the relationships of these associations with environmental factors

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.10155

Abstract

Abstract:

The associations in a northern tropical karst seasonal rainforest plot in Nonggang National Nature Reserve were classified using the multivariate regression tree method in conjunction with the relative elevation, slope, aspect, convexity, and the importance value of species. The results showed that the relative elevation and aspect were critical for the spatial distribution of species. The forest community of the Nonggang plot was divided into eight associations. They were as follows: (A) Ardisia thyrsiflora–Sterculia monosperma–Saraca dives association, distributed primarily at the edge of valley bottoms with high humidity and soil moisture; (B) Ficus hispida–Sterculia monosperma–Caryota obtusa association, distributed primarily at the valley bottom where seasonal flooding occurs and the soil moisture and humidity are high; (C) Catunaregam spinosa–Vitex kwangsiensis–Excentrodendron tonkinense association, distributed primarily on south-facing slopes at lower elevations with slight drought and greater sunlight; (D) Clerodendrum wallichii–Sterculia monosperma–Cychidendron guangxiensis association, distributed primarily on shaded slopes at lower elevations with moderate soil moisture and less sunlight; (E) Aglaia odorata–Cleistanthus sumatranus–Excentrodendron tonkinense association, distributed primarily on upper and middle half-shaded slopes with slight drought; (F) Walsura robusta–Cleistanthus sumatranus–Excentrodendron tonkinense association, distributed primarily on steep half-sunny slopes with slight drought; (G) Chionanthus ramiflorus–Vitex kwangsiensis–Excentrodendron tonkinense association, distributed mainly on passes with a gentle slope, moderate soil moisture, and less sunlight; (H) Clausena dunniana–Boniodendron minius–Excentrodendron tonkinense association, distributed mainly at the top of the mountain and in the surrounding areas, where the longest sunlight periods and the greatest extent of bare rock are accompanied by dry air and a substantial shortage of soil water. According to an analysis of the species components, the changes in species composition were associated with different topographical environmental factors. The spatial distribution of the vegetation was continuous, and there were no obvious boundaries between different associations. These results highlighted the importance of environmental factors as determinants of the distribution of species and the composition of associations in the north tropical karst seasonal rainforest.

Key words: MRT, topographic factor, karst seasonal rainforests, vegetation classification

Fuzhao Huang,Bin Wang,Tao Ding,Wusheng Xiang,Xiankun Li,Aiping Zhou. Numerical classification of associations in a northern tropical karst seasonal rain forest and the relationships of these associations with environmental factors[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2014, 22(2): 157-166.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.10155

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2014/V22/I2/157

Figures/Tables 12

References 30

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代号 Codes	群丛名称 Association
A	南方紫金牛–苹婆–中国无忧花群丛 Asso. Ardisia thyrsiflora–Sterculia monosperma–Saraca dives
B	对叶榕–苹婆–董棕群丛 Asso. Ficus hispida–Sterculia monosperma–Caryota obtusa
C	山石榴–广西牡荆–蚬木群丛 Asso. Catunaregam spinosa–Vitex kwangsiensis–Excentrodendron tonkinense
D	垂茉莉–苹婆–广西棋子豆群丛 Asso. Clerodendrum wallichii–Sterculia monosperma–Cychidendron guangxiensis
E	米仔兰–闭花木–蚬木群丛 Asso. Aglaia odorata–Cleistanthus sumatranus–Excentrodendron tonkinense
F	割舌树–闭花木–蚬木群丛 Asso. Walsura robusta–Cleistanthus sumatranus–Excentrodendron tonkinense
G	枝花流苏树–广西牡荆–蚬木群丛 Asso. Chionanthus ramiflorus–Vitex kwangsiensis–Excentrodendron tonkinense
H	齿叶黄皮–黄梨木–蚬木群丛 Asso. Clausena dunniana–Boniodendron minius–Excentrodendron tonkinense

代号 Codes	群丛名称 Association
A	南方紫金牛–苹婆–中国无忧花群丛 Asso. Ardisia thyrsiflora–Sterculia monosperma–Saraca dives
B	对叶榕–苹婆–董棕群丛 Asso. Ficus hispida–Sterculia monosperma–Caryota obtusa
C	山石榴–广西牡荆–蚬木群丛 Asso. Catunaregam spinosa–Vitex kwangsiensis–Excentrodendron tonkinense
D	垂茉莉–苹婆–广西棋子豆群丛 Asso. Clerodendrum wallichii–Sterculia monosperma–Cychidendron guangxiensis
E	米仔兰–闭花木–蚬木群丛 Asso. Aglaia odorata–Cleistanthus sumatranus–Excentrodendron tonkinense
F	割舌树–闭花木–蚬木群丛 Asso. Walsura robusta–Cleistanthus sumatranus–Excentrodendron tonkinense
G	枝花流苏树–广西牡荆–蚬木群丛 Asso. Chionanthus ramiflorus–Vitex kwangsiensis–Excentrodendron tonkinense
H	齿叶黄皮–黄梨木–蚬木群丛 Asso. Clausena dunniana–Boniodendron minius–Excentrodendron tonkinense

群丛 Association	物种 Species	优势度 Dominance	层次 Layer	群丛 Association	物种 Species	优势度 Dominance	层次 Layer
A	苹婆 Sterculia monosperma	0.23	U	B	对叶榕 Ficus hispida	0.18	S
	中国无忧花 Saraca dives	0.22	T		苹婆 Sterculia monosperma	0.16	U
	广西棋子豆 Cychidendron guangxiensis	0.10	T		劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta	0.15	U
	广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis	0.09	U		董棕 Caryota obtusa	0.10	T
	肥牛树 Cephalomappa sinensis	0.05	U		广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis	0.09	U
	白头树 Garuga forrestii	0.04	T		广西棋子豆 Cychidendron guangxiensis	0.07	T
	劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta	0.03	U		苹果榕 Ficus oligodon	0.06	U
	假肥牛树 Cleistanthus petelotii	0.03	U		秋枫 Bischofia javanica	0.05	T
	对叶榕 Ficus hispida	0.02	S		水东哥 Saurauia tristyla	0.02	S
	董棕 Caryota obtusa	0.02	T		中国无忧花 Saraca dives	0.02	T
	…				…
	总数 Total	103			总数 Total	92
C	广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis	0.28	U	D	苹婆 Sterculia monosperma	0.22	U
	苹婆 Sterculia monosperma	0.11	U		广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis	0.20	U
	劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta	0.10	U		劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta	0.06	U
	海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma	0.06	U		闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus	0.03	U
	闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus	0.05	U		假玉桂 Celtis timorensis	0.03	U
	西南猫尾木 Dolichandrone stipulata	0.02	U		广西棋子豆 Cychidendron guangxiensis	0.03	T
	蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense	0.02	T		海南大风子 Hydnocarpus hainanensis	0.02	U
	木蝴蝶 Oroxylum indicum	0.02	U		肥牛树 Cephalomappa sinensis	0.02	U
	羽叶白头树 Garuga pinnata	0.02	T		日本五月茶 Antidesma japonicum	0.02	U
	肥牛树 Cephalomappa sinensis	0.02	U		董棕 Caryota obtusa	0.02	T
	…				…
	总数 Total	144			总数 Total	159
E	闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus	0.34	U	F	闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus	0.24	U
	蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense	0.09	T		广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis	0.12	U
	广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis	0.08	U		蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense	0.09	T
	海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma	0.05	U		海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma	0.06	U
	网脉核果木 Drypetes perreticulata	0.03	U		苹婆 Sterculia monosperma	0.05	U
	金丝李 Garcinia paucinervis	0.03	U		黄梨木 Boniodendron minius	0.04	U
	苹婆 Sterculia monosperma	0.02	U		肥牛树 Cephalomappa sinensis	0.04	U
	细叶谷木 Memecylon scutellatum	0.02	S		网脉核果木 Drypetes perreticulata	0.02	U
	榕树 Ficus microcarpa	0.02	T		山榄叶柿 Diospyros siderophylla	0.02	U
	密花核果木 Drypetes confertiflora	0.02	U		劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta	0.02	U
	…				…
	总数 Total	142			总数 Total	142
G	广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis	0.16	U	H	黄梨木 Boniodendron minius	0.15	U
	苹婆 Sterculia monosperma	0.10	U		鱼骨木 Canthium dicoccum	0.13	U
	蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense	0.09	T		细叶谷木 Memecylon scutellatum	0.07	S
	海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma	0.09	U		毛叶铁榄 Sinosideroxylon pedunculatum	0.07	U
	劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta	0.09	U		山榄叶柿 Diospyros siderophylla	0.06	U
	假玉桂 Celtis timorensis	0.06	U		清香木 Pistacia weinmannifolia	0.05	U
	日本五月茶 Antidesma japonicum	0.03	U		蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense	0.04	T
	茎花山柚 Champereia manillana	0.02	U		柴龙树 Apodytes dimidiata	0.03	U
	枝花流苏树 Chionanthus ramiflorus	0.02	S		海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma	0.03	U
	南酸枣 Choerospondias axillaris	0.02	T		闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus	0.03	U
	…				…
	总数 Total	135			总数 Total	151

群丛 Association	物种 Species	优势度 Dominance	层次 Layer	群丛 Association	物种 Species	优势度 Dominance	层次 Layer
A	苹婆 Sterculia monosperma	0.23	U	B	对叶榕 Ficus hispida	0.18	S
	中国无忧花 Saraca dives	0.22	T		苹婆 Sterculia monosperma	0.16	U
	广西棋子豆 Cychidendron guangxiensis	0.10	T		劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta	0.15	U
	广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis	0.09	U		董棕 Caryota obtusa	0.10	T
	肥牛树 Cephalomappa sinensis	0.05	U		广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis	0.09	U
	白头树 Garuga forrestii	0.04	T		广西棋子豆 Cychidendron guangxiensis	0.07	T
	劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta	0.03	U		苹果榕 Ficus oligodon	0.06	U
	假肥牛树 Cleistanthus petelotii	0.03	U		秋枫 Bischofia javanica	0.05	T
	对叶榕 Ficus hispida	0.02	S		水东哥 Saurauia tristyla	0.02	S
	董棕 Caryota obtusa	0.02	T		中国无忧花 Saraca dives	0.02	T
	…				…
	总数 Total	103			总数 Total	92
C	广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis	0.28	U	D	苹婆 Sterculia monosperma	0.22	U
	苹婆 Sterculia monosperma	0.11	U		广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis	0.20	U
	劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta	0.10	U		劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta	0.06	U
	海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma	0.06	U		闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus	0.03	U
	闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus	0.05	U		假玉桂 Celtis timorensis	0.03	U
	西南猫尾木 Dolichandrone stipulata	0.02	U		广西棋子豆 Cychidendron guangxiensis	0.03	T
	蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense	0.02	T		海南大风子 Hydnocarpus hainanensis	0.02	U
	木蝴蝶 Oroxylum indicum	0.02	U		肥牛树 Cephalomappa sinensis	0.02	U
	羽叶白头树 Garuga pinnata	0.02	T		日本五月茶 Antidesma japonicum	0.02	U
	肥牛树 Cephalomappa sinensis	0.02	U		董棕 Caryota obtusa	0.02	T
	…				…
	总数 Total	144			总数 Total	159
E	闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus	0.34	U	F	闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus	0.24	U
	蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense	0.09	T		广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis	0.12	U
	广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis	0.08	U		蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense	0.09	T
	海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma	0.05	U		海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma	0.06	U
	网脉核果木 Drypetes perreticulata	0.03	U		苹婆 Sterculia monosperma	0.05	U
	金丝李 Garcinia paucinervis	0.03	U		黄梨木 Boniodendron minius	0.04	U
	苹婆 Sterculia monosperma	0.02	U		肥牛树 Cephalomappa sinensis	0.04	U
	细叶谷木 Memecylon scutellatum	0.02	S		网脉核果木 Drypetes perreticulata	0.02	U
	榕树 Ficus microcarpa	0.02	T		山榄叶柿 Diospyros siderophylla	0.02	U
	密花核果木 Drypetes confertiflora	0.02	U		劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta	0.02	U
	…				…
	总数 Total	142			总数 Total	142
G	广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis	0.16	U	H	黄梨木 Boniodendron minius	0.15	U
	苹婆 Sterculia monosperma	0.10	U		鱼骨木 Canthium dicoccum	0.13	U
	蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense	0.09	T		细叶谷木 Memecylon scutellatum	0.07	S
	海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma	0.09	U		毛叶铁榄 Sinosideroxylon pedunculatum	0.07	U
	劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta	0.09	U		山榄叶柿 Diospyros siderophylla	0.06	U
	假玉桂 Celtis timorensis	0.06	U		清香木 Pistacia weinmannifolia	0.05	U
	日本五月茶 Antidesma japonicum	0.03	U		蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense	0.04	T
	茎花山柚 Champereia manillana	0.02	U		柴龙树 Apodytes dimidiata	0.03	U
	枝花流苏树 Chionanthus ramiflorus	0.02	S		海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma	0.03	U
	南酸枣 Choerospondias axillaris	0.02	T		闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus	0.03	U
	…				…
	总数 Total	135			总数 Total	151

群丛 Associa- tion	物种 Species	指示值 Indicator value	层次 Layer	群丛 Associa- tion	物种 Species	指示值 Indicator value	层次 Layer
A	中国无忧花 Saraca dives	49	T	B	对叶榕 Ficus hispida	75	S
	南方紫金牛 Ardisia thyrsiflora	48	S		秋枫 Bischofia javanica	64	T
	广西棋子豆 Cychidendron guangxiensis	46	T		木奶果 Baccaurea ramiflora	55	T
	山桂花 Bennettiodendron leprosipes	43	S		火筒树 Leea indica	49	S
	裂果卫矛 Euonymus dielsianus	36	S		水东哥 Saurauia tristyla	44	S
	白花龙船花 Ixora henryi	34	S		苹果榕 Ficus oligodon	36	U
	田方骨 Goniothalamus donnajensis	32	S		日本五月茶 Antidesma japonicum	32	S
	淡黄金花茶 Camellia flavida	31	S		南烛厚壳桂 Cryptocarya lyoniifolia	30	T
	茎花赤才 Lepisanthes cauliflora	29	S		石密 Alphonsea mollis	26	T
	假肥牛树 Cleistanthus petelotii	27	U		禾串树 Bridelia balansae	22	U
	显脉木兰 Lirianthe fistulosa	27	U		山地五月茶 Antidesma montanum	20	S
	…				…
	总数 Total	17			总数 Total	18
C	广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis	24	U	D	垂茉莉 Clerodendrum wallichii	31	S
	山石榴 Catunaregam spinosa	20	S		广西澄广花 Orophea anceps	26	S
	青叶苎麻 Boehmeria nivea	20	S		苹婆 Sterculia monosperma	25	U
	中越杜茎山 Maesa balansae	15	S		茶条木 Delavaya toxocarpa	18	U
	印度枣 Ziziphus incurva	11	T		臀果木 Pygeum topengii	8	T
	木蝴蝶 Oroxylum indicum	10	U
	…				…
	总数 Total	6			总数 Total	5
E	闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus	46	U	F	肥牛树 Cephalomappa sinensis	27	U
	密花核果木 Drypetes confertiflora	24	U		割舌树 Walsura robusta	25	S
	米仔兰 Aglaia odorata	24	S		三角车 Rinorea bengalensis	20	U
	网脉核果木 Drypetes perreticulata	20	U		粗柄槭 Acer tonkinense	16	U
	金丝李 Garcinia paucinervis	19	U		蜂窝木姜子 Litsea foveola	16	S
	…				…
	总数 Total	7			总数 Total	9
G	枝花流苏树 Chionanthus ramiflorus	38	S	H	毛叶铁榄 Sinosideroxylon pedunculatum	82	U
	假玉桂 Celtis timorensis	36	U		齿叶黄皮 Clausena dunniana	72	S
	海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma	34	U		黄梨木 Boniodendron minius	64	U
	鸡仔木 Sinoadina racemosa	34	U		鱼骨木 Canthium dicoccum	63	U
	茎花山柚 Champereia manillana	29	U		石山巴豆 Croton euryphyllus	62	S
	海红豆 Adenanthera pavonina	27	T		清香木 Pistacia weinmannifolia	61	U
	蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense	21	T		子楝树 Decaspermum gracilentum	60	S
	红芽木 Cratoxylum formosum	20	T		山牡荆 Vitex quinata	60	S
	假鹰爪 Desmos chinensis	20	S		米念芭 Tirpitzia ovoidea	59	S
	…				…
	总数 Total	27			总数 Total	40