Biodiv Sci ›› 2013, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (3): 364-374. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.11222
• Orginal Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Yi Tong1,2, Shuguang Jian1, Quan Chen1,2, Yuling Li1,2, Fuwu Xing1,*(
)
Received:2012-11-22
Accepted:2013-04-19
Online:2013-05-20
Published:2013-06-05
Contact:
Xing Fuwu
Yi Tong,Shuguang Jian,Quan Chen,Yuling Li,Fuwu Xing. Vascular plant diversity of the Paracel Islands, China[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2013, 21(3): 364-374.
| 植物类群 Plant type | 科数 Family (%) | 属数 Genus (%) | 种数 Species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 野生植物 Wild plants | |||
| 蕨类植物 Pteridophytes | 3 (3.53) | 3 (1.15) | 4 (1.01) |
| 裸子植物 Gymnosperms | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| 被子植物 Angiosperms | 43 (50.59) | 136 (51.91) | 216 (54.55) |
| 小计 Subtotal | 46 (54.12) | 139 (53.05) | 220 (55.56) |
| 栽培植物 Cultivated plants | |||
| 蕨类植物 Pteridophytes | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| 裸子植物 Gymnosperms | 4 (4.71) | 4 (1.53) | 5 (1.26) |
| 被子植物 Angiosperms | 4 (4.71) | 4 (1.53) | 5 (1.26) |
| 小计 Subtotal | 63 (74.12) | 140 (53.44) | 176 (44.44) |
| 总计 Total | 85 (-) | 262 (-) | 396 (-) |
Table 1 Number of family, genus and species of vascular plants on the Paracel Islands
| 植物类群 Plant type | 科数 Family (%) | 属数 Genus (%) | 种数 Species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 野生植物 Wild plants | |||
| 蕨类植物 Pteridophytes | 3 (3.53) | 3 (1.15) | 4 (1.01) |
| 裸子植物 Gymnosperms | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| 被子植物 Angiosperms | 43 (50.59) | 136 (51.91) | 216 (54.55) |
| 小计 Subtotal | 46 (54.12) | 139 (53.05) | 220 (55.56) |
| 栽培植物 Cultivated plants | |||
| 蕨类植物 Pteridophytes | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| 裸子植物 Gymnosperms | 4 (4.71) | 4 (1.53) | 5 (1.26) |
| 被子植物 Angiosperms | 4 (4.71) | 4 (1.53) | 5 (1.26) |
| 小计 Subtotal | 63 (74.12) | 140 (53.44) | 176 (44.44) |
| 总计 Total | 85 (-) | 262 (-) | 396 (-) |
| 科名 Family name | 属数 No. of genera | 种数 No. of species | 分布区类型 Areal-types |
|---|---|---|---|
| 禾本科 Poaceae | 30 | 48 | 世界分布 Cosmopolitan |
| 蝶形花科 Papilionaceae | 13 | 19 | 世界分布 Cosmopolitan |
| 大戟科 Euphorbiaceae | 6 | 14 | 泛热带分布 Pantropic |
| 莎草科 Cyperaceae | 4 | 13 | 世界分布 Cosmopolitan |
| 锦葵科 Malvaceae | 5 | 12 | 泛热带分布 Pantropic |
| 茜草科 Rubiaceae | 7 | 10 | 世界分布 Cosmopolitan |
| 旋花科 Convolvulaceae | 4 | 11 | 世界分布 Cosmopolitan |
| 菊科 Compositae | 8 | 9 | 世界分布 Cosmopolitan |
| 苋科 Amaranthaceae | 5 | 7 | 世界分布 Cosmopolitan |
| 茄科 Solanaceae | 3 | 7 | 世界分布 Cosmopolitan |
| 椴树科 Tiliaceae | 3 | 5 | 热带亚洲、非洲和南美洲间断 Trop. Asia, Africa & C. to S. Amer. disjuncted |
| 苏木科 Caesalpiniaceae | 3 | 5 | 热带亚洲、非洲和南美洲间断 Trop. Asia, Africa & C. to S. Amer. disjuncted |
| 马鞭草科 Verbenaceae | 5 | 5 | 热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布 Trop. Asia & Trop. Amer. disjuncted |
| 合计 Total | 96 | 165 | - |
Table 2 The areal-types of major wild plant families with more than five species on the Paracel Islands
| 科名 Family name | 属数 No. of genera | 种数 No. of species | 分布区类型 Areal-types |
|---|---|---|---|
| 禾本科 Poaceae | 30 | 48 | 世界分布 Cosmopolitan |
| 蝶形花科 Papilionaceae | 13 | 19 | 世界分布 Cosmopolitan |
| 大戟科 Euphorbiaceae | 6 | 14 | 泛热带分布 Pantropic |
| 莎草科 Cyperaceae | 4 | 13 | 世界分布 Cosmopolitan |
| 锦葵科 Malvaceae | 5 | 12 | 泛热带分布 Pantropic |
| 茜草科 Rubiaceae | 7 | 10 | 世界分布 Cosmopolitan |
| 旋花科 Convolvulaceae | 4 | 11 | 世界分布 Cosmopolitan |
| 菊科 Compositae | 8 | 9 | 世界分布 Cosmopolitan |
| 苋科 Amaranthaceae | 5 | 7 | 世界分布 Cosmopolitan |
| 茄科 Solanaceae | 3 | 7 | 世界分布 Cosmopolitan |
| 椴树科 Tiliaceae | 3 | 5 | 热带亚洲、非洲和南美洲间断 Trop. Asia, Africa & C. to S. Amer. disjuncted |
| 苏木科 Caesalpiniaceae | 3 | 5 | 热带亚洲、非洲和南美洲间断 Trop. Asia, Africa & C. to S. Amer. disjuncted |
| 马鞭草科 Verbenaceae | 5 | 5 | 热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布 Trop. Asia & Trop. Amer. disjuncted |
| 合计 Total | 96 | 165 | - |
| 分布区类型 Areal-types | 属数 No. of genera (%) |
|---|---|
| 1 世界分布 Cosmopolitan | 10 (-) |
| 2 泛热带分布 Pantropic | 82 (63.57) |
| 2-1 热带亚洲、大洋洲和南美洲(墨西哥)间断 Trop. Asia, Austr. & C. to S. Amer. disjuncted | 3 (2.33) |
| 2-2 热带亚洲、非洲和南美洲间断 Trop. Asia, Africa & C. to S. Amer. disjuncted | 3 (2.33) |
| 3 热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布 Trop. Asia & Trop. Amer. disjuncted | 10 (7.75) |
| 4 旧世界热带 Old World Tropics | 16 (12.40) |
| 4-1 热带亚洲、非洲和大洋洲间断 Trop. Asia, Africa & Austr. | 1 (0.78) |
| 5 热带亚洲至热带大洋洲 Tropical. Asia & Trop. Austr. | 7 (5.43) |
| 6 热带亚洲至热带非洲 Trop. Asia to Trop. Africa | 2 (1.55) |
| 7 热带亚洲 Trop. Asia | 2 (1.55) |
| 8 北温带分布 N. Temp. | 1 (0.78) |
| 10-3 欧亚和南非洲(有时也在大洋洲)间断 Eurasia & S. Africa disjuncted | 1 (0.78) |
| (17) 澳大利亚、新西兰、新喀里多尼亚、新几内亚和温带南美间断 Extratropical Trans-Pacific disjunction | 1 (0.78) |
| 合计 Total | 139 (100) |
Table 3 The genera areal-types of wild vascular plants on the Paracel Islands
| 分布区类型 Areal-types | 属数 No. of genera (%) |
|---|---|
| 1 世界分布 Cosmopolitan | 10 (-) |
| 2 泛热带分布 Pantropic | 82 (63.57) |
| 2-1 热带亚洲、大洋洲和南美洲(墨西哥)间断 Trop. Asia, Austr. & C. to S. Amer. disjuncted | 3 (2.33) |
| 2-2 热带亚洲、非洲和南美洲间断 Trop. Asia, Africa & C. to S. Amer. disjuncted | 3 (2.33) |
| 3 热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布 Trop. Asia & Trop. Amer. disjuncted | 10 (7.75) |
| 4 旧世界热带 Old World Tropics | 16 (12.40) |
| 4-1 热带亚洲、非洲和大洋洲间断 Trop. Asia, Africa & Austr. | 1 (0.78) |
| 5 热带亚洲至热带大洋洲 Tropical. Asia & Trop. Austr. | 7 (5.43) |
| 6 热带亚洲至热带非洲 Trop. Asia to Trop. Africa | 2 (1.55) |
| 7 热带亚洲 Trop. Asia | 2 (1.55) |
| 8 北温带分布 N. Temp. | 1 (0.78) |
| 10-3 欧亚和南非洲(有时也在大洋洲)间断 Eurasia & S. Africa disjuncted | 1 (0.78) |
| (17) 澳大利亚、新西兰、新喀里多尼亚、新几内亚和温带南美间断 Extratropical Trans-Pacific disjunction | 1 (0.78) |
| 合计 Total | 139 (100) |
| 分布区类型 Areal-types | 种数 |
|---|---|
| No. of species (%) | |
| 1 世界分布 Cosmopolitan | 8 (-) |
| 2 泛热带分布 Pantropic | 58 (27.36) |
| 2-1 热带亚洲、大洋洲和南美洲(墨西哥)间断 Trop. Asia, Austr. & C. to S. Amer. disjuncted | 6 (2.83) |
| 2-2 热带亚洲、非洲和南美洲间断 Trop. Asia, Africa & C. to S. Amer. disjuncted | 9 (4.25) |
| 3 热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布 Trop. Asia & Trop. Amer. disjuncted | 15 (7.08) |
| 4 旧世界热带 Old World Tropics | 18 (8.49) |
| 4-1 热带亚洲、非洲和大洋洲间断 Trop. Asia, Africa & Austr. | 4 (1.89) |
| 5 热带亚洲至热带大洋洲 Trop. Asia & Trop. Austr. | 14 (6.60) |
| 6 热带亚洲至热带非洲 Trop. Asia to Trop. Africa | 15 (7.08) |
| 6-1 华南、西南到印度和热带非洲间断分布 South and Southwest China to India and Tropical Africa disjuncted | 4 (1.89) |
| 6-2 热带亚洲和东非或马达加斯加间断分布 Tropical Asia and East Africa or Madagascar disjuncted | 1 (0.47) |
| 7 热带亚洲 Trop. Asia | 25 (11.79) |
| 7-1 热带印度至华南 Trop. India to S. China | 8 (3.77) |
| 7-2 东南亚至华南 Southeast Asia to S. China | 5 (2.36) |
| 7-5 越南至华南 Vietnam to S. China | 4 (1.89) |
| 7-6 马来西亚至华南 Malaysia to S. China | 2 (0.94) |
| 7-7 菲律宾至华南 Philippines to S. China | 2 (0.94) |
| 7-8 中南半岛至华南 Indo-China to S. China | 3 (1.42) |
| 7-17 印度和华南 India and S. China | 1 (0.47) |
| 8 北温带 North Temperate | 7 (3.30) |
| 10-1 地中海区、西亚(或中亚)和东亚间断分布 Mediterranean, West Asia (or Central Asia) and East Asia disjuncted | 1 (0.47) |
| 11 温带亚洲分布 Temp. Asia | 2 (0.94) |
| 14-2 中国-日本分布 Sino-Japan (SJ) | 5 (2.36) |
| 15 中国特有分布 Endemic to China | 3 (1.42) |
| 合计 Total | 220 (100) |
Table 4 The species areal-types of wild vascular plants on the Paracel Islands
| 分布区类型 Areal-types | 种数 |
|---|---|
| No. of species (%) | |
| 1 世界分布 Cosmopolitan | 8 (-) |
| 2 泛热带分布 Pantropic | 58 (27.36) |
| 2-1 热带亚洲、大洋洲和南美洲(墨西哥)间断 Trop. Asia, Austr. & C. to S. Amer. disjuncted | 6 (2.83) |
| 2-2 热带亚洲、非洲和南美洲间断 Trop. Asia, Africa & C. to S. Amer. disjuncted | 9 (4.25) |
| 3 热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布 Trop. Asia & Trop. Amer. disjuncted | 15 (7.08) |
| 4 旧世界热带 Old World Tropics | 18 (8.49) |
| 4-1 热带亚洲、非洲和大洋洲间断 Trop. Asia, Africa & Austr. | 4 (1.89) |
| 5 热带亚洲至热带大洋洲 Trop. Asia & Trop. Austr. | 14 (6.60) |
| 6 热带亚洲至热带非洲 Trop. Asia to Trop. Africa | 15 (7.08) |
| 6-1 华南、西南到印度和热带非洲间断分布 South and Southwest China to India and Tropical Africa disjuncted | 4 (1.89) |
| 6-2 热带亚洲和东非或马达加斯加间断分布 Tropical Asia and East Africa or Madagascar disjuncted | 1 (0.47) |
| 7 热带亚洲 Trop. Asia | 25 (11.79) |
| 7-1 热带印度至华南 Trop. India to S. China | 8 (3.77) |
| 7-2 东南亚至华南 Southeast Asia to S. China | 5 (2.36) |
| 7-5 越南至华南 Vietnam to S. China | 4 (1.89) |
| 7-6 马来西亚至华南 Malaysia to S. China | 2 (0.94) |
| 7-7 菲律宾至华南 Philippines to S. China | 2 (0.94) |
| 7-8 中南半岛至华南 Indo-China to S. China | 3 (1.42) |
| 7-17 印度和华南 India and S. China | 1 (0.47) |
| 8 北温带 North Temperate | 7 (3.30) |
| 10-1 地中海区、西亚(或中亚)和东亚间断分布 Mediterranean, West Asia (or Central Asia) and East Asia disjuncted | 1 (0.47) |
| 11 温带亚洲分布 Temp. Asia | 2 (0.94) |
| 14-2 中国-日本分布 Sino-Japan (SJ) | 5 (2.36) |
| 15 中国特有分布 Endemic to China | 3 (1.42) |
| 合计 Total | 220 (100) |
| 岛名 Island name | 种数 No.of species | 栽培种数 No. of cultivated plants | 野生种数 No.of wild species | 特有种数* No. of endemic species | 科数 No. of families | 属数 No. of genera | 陆地面积** Area (km2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 永兴岛 Woody Island | 353 | 166 | 187 | 191 | 82 | 244 | 2.1 |
| 石岛 Rocky Island | 80 | 27 | 53 | 0 | 33 | 64 | 0.08 |
| 东岛 Lincoln Island | 103 | 27 | 76 | 9 | 35 | 79 | 1.6 |
| 盘石屿 Passu Keah | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0.4 |
| 中建岛 Triton Island | 57 | 22 | 35 | 0 | 31 | 49 | 1.2 |
| 晋卿岛 Drummond Island | 41 | 6 | 35 | 1 | 26 | 38 | 0.21 |
| 琛航岛 Duncan Island | 105 | 34 | 71 | 4 | 42 | 83 | 0.28 |
| 广金岛 Guangjin Island | 37 | 3 | 34 | 0 | 24 | 31 | 0.06 |
| 羚羊礁 Antelope Reaf | 13 | 3 | 10 | 0 | 12 | 12 | - |
| 金银岛 Money Island | 99 | 36 | 63 | 4 | 43 | 77 | 0.36 |
| 甘泉岛 Robert Island | 57 | 7 | 50 | 4 | 27 | 48 | 0.31 |
| 珊瑚岛 Pattle Island | 109 | 35 | 74 | 3 | 40 | 83 | 0.30 |
| 全富岛 Quanfu Island | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.02 |
| 鸭公岛 Yagong Island | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0.01 |
| 银屿 Silver Islet | 13 | 1 | 12 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 0.01 |
| 石屿 Stone Islet | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0.002 |
| 西沙洲 West Sand | 13 | 4 | 9 | 1 | 13 | 13 | 0.04 |
| 赵述岛 Tree Island | 38 | 10 | 28 | 0 | 26 | 31 | 0.22 |
| 北岛 North Island | 19 | 3 | 16 | 0 | 16 | 17 | 0.40 |
| 中岛 Middle Island | 9 | 0 | 9 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 0.13 |
| 南岛 South Island | 20 | 1 | 19 | 0 | 15 | 17 | 0.17 |
| 北沙洲 North Sand | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0.02 |
| 中沙洲 Middle Sand | 11 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 10 | 11 | 0.05 |
| 南沙洲 South Sand | 15 | 1 | 14 | 0 | 14 | 15 | 0.06 |
| 西沙群岛 Paracel Islands | 396 | 176 | 220 | - | 85 | 262 | - |
| 历史记载 Historical records | 333 | 134 | 199 | - | 79 | 221 | - |
| 新增加 Newly added | 63 | 42 | 21 | - | 6 | 40 | - |
Table 5 The species statistics of vascular plants on 24 islands of the Paracel Islands
| 岛名 Island name | 种数 No.of species | 栽培种数 No. of cultivated plants | 野生种数 No.of wild species | 特有种数* No. of endemic species | 科数 No. of families | 属数 No. of genera | 陆地面积** Area (km2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 永兴岛 Woody Island | 353 | 166 | 187 | 191 | 82 | 244 | 2.1 |
| 石岛 Rocky Island | 80 | 27 | 53 | 0 | 33 | 64 | 0.08 |
| 东岛 Lincoln Island | 103 | 27 | 76 | 9 | 35 | 79 | 1.6 |
| 盘石屿 Passu Keah | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0.4 |
| 中建岛 Triton Island | 57 | 22 | 35 | 0 | 31 | 49 | 1.2 |
| 晋卿岛 Drummond Island | 41 | 6 | 35 | 1 | 26 | 38 | 0.21 |
| 琛航岛 Duncan Island | 105 | 34 | 71 | 4 | 42 | 83 | 0.28 |
| 广金岛 Guangjin Island | 37 | 3 | 34 | 0 | 24 | 31 | 0.06 |
| 羚羊礁 Antelope Reaf | 13 | 3 | 10 | 0 | 12 | 12 | - |
| 金银岛 Money Island | 99 | 36 | 63 | 4 | 43 | 77 | 0.36 |
| 甘泉岛 Robert Island | 57 | 7 | 50 | 4 | 27 | 48 | 0.31 |
| 珊瑚岛 Pattle Island | 109 | 35 | 74 | 3 | 40 | 83 | 0.30 |
| 全富岛 Quanfu Island | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.02 |
| 鸭公岛 Yagong Island | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0.01 |
| 银屿 Silver Islet | 13 | 1 | 12 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 0.01 |
| 石屿 Stone Islet | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0.002 |
| 西沙洲 West Sand | 13 | 4 | 9 | 1 | 13 | 13 | 0.04 |
| 赵述岛 Tree Island | 38 | 10 | 28 | 0 | 26 | 31 | 0.22 |
| 北岛 North Island | 19 | 3 | 16 | 0 | 16 | 17 | 0.40 |
| 中岛 Middle Island | 9 | 0 | 9 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 0.13 |
| 南岛 South Island | 20 | 1 | 19 | 0 | 15 | 17 | 0.17 |
| 北沙洲 North Sand | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0.02 |
| 中沙洲 Middle Sand | 11 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 10 | 11 | 0.05 |
| 南沙洲 South Sand | 15 | 1 | 14 | 0 | 14 | 15 | 0.06 |
| 西沙群岛 Paracel Islands | 396 | 176 | 220 | - | 85 | 262 | - |
| 历史记载 Historical records | 333 | 134 | 199 | - | 79 | 221 | - |
| 新增加 Newly added | 63 | 42 | 21 | - | 6 | 40 | - |
| 邻近国家或地区 Adjacent countries or regions | 相似性指数 Similarity index (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 属 Genera | 种 Species | |
| 海南岛 Hainan Island | 98.56 | 96.82 |
| 中南半岛 Indochina | 96.40 | 88.64 |
| 马来西亚 Malaysia | 95.68 | 85.45 |
| 印度尼西亚 Indonesia | 93.52 | 84.09 |
| 菲律宾 Philippines | 94.24 | 80.91 |
| 中国台湾 Taiwan, China | 92.09 | 79.09 |
Table 6 The similarity indices of flora among the Paracel Islands and its six adjacent countries/or regions
| 邻近国家或地区 Adjacent countries or regions | 相似性指数 Similarity index (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 属 Genera | 种 Species | |
| 海南岛 Hainan Island | 98.56 | 96.82 |
| 中南半岛 Indochina | 96.40 | 88.64 |
| 马来西亚 Malaysia | 95.68 | 85.45 |
| 印度尼西亚 Indonesia | 93.52 | 84.09 |
| 菲律宾 Philippines | 94.24 | 80.91 |
| 中国台湾 Taiwan, China | 92.09 | 79.09 |
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