Effects of alien invasive plants on spontaneous plant communities in Hangzhou Xixi National Wetland Park

doi:10.17520/biods.2025212

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: Invasive plants accounted for a large proportion of urban spontaneous plant and was an unavoidable issue in the construction of spontaneous plant landscapes. Studying the impact of invasive plants was of great significance for the application of spontaneous plant landscaping that supports urban biodiversity.

Methods: Stratified random sampling survey was conducted in this study on spontaneous plant in the herb layer of Hangzhou Xixi National Wetland Park among different habitats. The status quo of invasive plants and their effects on spontaneous plant community were analyzed, and the management strategies of invasive plants in Xixi National Wetland Park were discussed.

Results: (1) A total of 25 invasive plant species were recorded in the investigation, accounting for approximately 10.7% of the total number of spontaneous plant species. Among them, the most dominant ones were Alternanthera philoxeroides and Erigeron annuus. (2) Among the five types of habitats, the grassland had the highest number of invasive plant species, occurrence frequency, and importance value. (3) Invasive plants significantly reduced the number of native plant species; significantly decreased the species diversity, and significantly affected the structure of spontaneous plant communities. (4) In the management of invasive plants in Xixi Wetland, particular attention should be paid to dominant invasive species such as A. philoxeroides and E. annuus.

Conclusion: Differential management measures should be formulated based on the differences between habitats and the types of multi-species invasions. This study provides a reference for the construction and management of spontaneous plant landscapes.

Key words: invasive plants, spontaneous plant, biodiversity, landscape management

Xingda Yao, Kaiyuan Zhu, Yihan Lan, Shuxia Zhan, Tana Wuyun, Jian Li, Wenting Xu. Effects of alien invasive plants on spontaneous plant communities in Hangzhou Xixi National Wetland Park[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2025, 33(12): 25212.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2025212

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2025/V33/I12/25212

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1 Study area and sample distribution in Hangzhou Xixi National Wetland Park. A, Arbor woodland; C, Construction land; F, Farmland; G, Grassland; S, Shrub land.

Fig. 2 Relative dominance of the 9 dominant invasive plants in Hangzhou Xixi National Wetland Park. AP, Alternanthera philoxeroides; EA, Erigeron annuus; SC, Solidago canadensis; TR, Trifolium repens; EC, Erigeron canadensis; SS, Symphyotrichum subulatum; CL, Cyclospermum leptophyllum; EP, Erigeron philadelphicus; HV, Hydrocotyle verticillata.

Fig. 3 Differences in the number, frequency and importance value of invasive plant species in different habitats of Hangzhou Xixi National Wetland Park. A, Arbor woodland; S, Shrub land; G, Grassland; F, Farmland; C: Construction land. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

Fig. 4 Correlation between invasive plants and community diversity in Hangzhou Xixi National Wetland Park. N, Number of native plant species; S, Species richness index; H′, Shannon-Wiener diversity index; J, Pielou evenness index; D, Simpson diversity index. Control items for partial correlation analysis: A, Average height × total coverage of artificial ground cover; B, Average height × total coverage of artificial ground cover and total number of species in each belt transect; C, Average height × total coverage of artificial ground cover and number of invasive plant species in each belt transect. The color of the squares represents the correlation coefficient, corresponding to the color of the color band. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001.

Fig. 5 Correlation between invasive plants and community structure in Hangzhou Xixi National Wetland Park. The ordinate is the parameters of community structure: H-IV, Importance value of herb; H-N, Number of herb; L-IV, Importance value of lianas; L-N, Number of lianas; A-IV, Importnce value of arbor seedling; A-N, Number of arbor seedling species; S-IV, Importance value of shrub seedling; S-N, Number of shrub seedling species. The abscissa is the parameters of the invasive plants: IV, Importance value of invasive plants; H, Average height of invasive plants; C, Total coverage of invasive plants. A, Arbor woodland; S, Shrub land; G, Grassland; C, Construction land; TS represents all types of habit. The color of the squares represents the correlation coefficient, corresponding to the color of the color band. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001.

Fig. 6 Companion species of invasive plants under species classification and their competitive relationships. The colors of the lines between species represent niche overlap values, corresponding to the color of the color band on the right side. AP, Alternanthera philoxeroides; YJ, Youngia japonica; UP, Ulmus pumila; AI, Aster indicus; IC, Imperata cylindrica; CG, Clinopodium gracile; EP, Erigeron philadelphicus; TR, Trifolium repens; HV, Hydrocotyle verticillata; HS, Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides; TS, Triadica sebifera; JP, Justicia procumbens; GB, Galium bungei; SC, Solidago canadensis; EA, Erigeron annuus; PS, Pterocarya stenoptera; BN, Boehmeria nivea; CA, Carpesium abrotanoides; SR, Salix rosthornii; OS, Oxalis stricta; CL, Cyclospermum leptophyllum; KP, Kyllinga polyphylla; PU, Phyllanthus urinaria; VP, Veronica polita; SS, Symphyotrichum subulatum; BF, Bidens frondosa; EC, Erigeron canadensis; SV, Setaria viridis; LC, Lindernia crustacea; CI, Cyperus iria; VS, Vicia sativa.

Table 1 Community groups and community types dominated by invasive plants based on community clustering

群落组 Community group	包含群落数 No. of communities	群落 Community	生境 Habitat
络石群落组 Trachelospermum jasminoides community group	7	柔毛路边青和一年蓬优势群落 Geum japonicum var. chinense and Erigeron annuus dominant community	乔木林地 Arbor woodland
求米草群落组 Oplismenus undulatifolius community group	6	一年蓬和求米草优势群落 Erigeron annuus and Oplismenus undulatifolius dominant community	乔木林地 Arbor woodland
酢浆草群落组 Oxalis corniculata community group	2	酢浆草和一年蓬优势群落 Oxalis corniculata and Erigeron annuus dominant community	草地 Grassland
细叶旱芹群落组 Cyclospermum leptophyllum community group	1	细叶旱芹单优势群落 Cyclospermum leptophyllum single dominant community	草地 Grassland
直酢浆草群落组 Oxalis stricta community group	3	直酢浆草和钻叶紫菀优势群落 Oxalis stricta and Symphyotrichum subulatum dominant community	草地 Grassland
空心莲子草群落组 Alternanthera philoxeroides community group	6	空心莲子草和春飞蓬优势群落 A. philoxeroides and Erigeron philadelphicus dominant community	草地 Grassland
		空心莲子草和狗牙根优势群落 A. philoxeroides and Cynodon dactylon dominant community	草地 Grassland
		空心莲子草、乌蔹莓和蛇葡萄优势群落 A. philoxeroides, Causonis japonica and Ampelopsis glandulosa dominant community	灌木林地 Shrub land
		空心莲子草单优势群落 A. philoxeroides single dominant community	草地 Grassland
		乌蔹莓、三叶地锦和空心莲子草优势群落 Causonis japonica, Parthenocissus semicordata and Alternanthera philoxeroides dominant community	建筑用地 Construction land
		鳢肠和空心莲子草优势群落 Eclipta prostrata and Alternanthera philoxeroides dominant community	建筑用地 Construction land
一年蓬群落组 Erigeron annuus community group	3	一年蓬单优势群落 Erigeron annuus single dominant community	农用地 Farmland
天胡荽群落组 Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides community group	6	空心莲子草和天胡荽优势群落 A. philoxeroides and Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides dominant community	农用地 Farmland
白车轴草群落组 Trifolium repens community group	4	白车轴草和空心莲子草优势群落 Trifolium repens and Alternanthera philoxeroides dominant community	草地 Grassland
白车轴草群落组 Trifolium repens community group		翅果菊和白车轴草优势群落 Lactuca indica and Trifolium repens dominant community	建筑用地 Construction land
白茅群落组 Imperata cylindrica community group	6	白茅和一年蓬优势群落 Imperata cylindrica and Erigeron annuus dominant community	草地 Grassland
		白茅和加拿大一枝黄花优势群落 Imperata cylindrica and Solidago canadensis dominant community	草地 Grassland
马蹄金群落组 Dichondra micrantha community group	2	马蹄金和加拿大一枝黄花优势群落 Dichondra micrantha and Solidago canadensis dominant community	乔木林地 Arbor woodland

Table 1 Community groups and community types dominated by invasive plants based on community clustering

群落组 Community group	包含群落数 No. of communities	群落 Community	生境 Habitat
络石群落组 Trachelospermum jasminoides community group	7	柔毛路边青和一年蓬优势群落 Geum japonicum var. chinense and Erigeron annuus dominant community	乔木林地 Arbor woodland
求米草群落组 Oplismenus undulatifolius community group	6	一年蓬和求米草优势群落 Erigeron annuus and Oplismenus undulatifolius dominant community	乔木林地 Arbor woodland
酢浆草群落组 Oxalis corniculata community group	2	酢浆草和一年蓬优势群落 Oxalis corniculata and Erigeron annuus dominant community	草地 Grassland
细叶旱芹群落组 Cyclospermum leptophyllum community group	1	细叶旱芹单优势群落 Cyclospermum leptophyllum single dominant community	草地 Grassland
直酢浆草群落组 Oxalis stricta community group	3	直酢浆草和钻叶紫菀优势群落 Oxalis stricta and Symphyotrichum subulatum dominant community	草地 Grassland
空心莲子草群落组 Alternanthera philoxeroides community group	6	空心莲子草和春飞蓬优势群落 A. philoxeroides and Erigeron philadelphicus dominant community	草地 Grassland
		空心莲子草和狗牙根优势群落 A. philoxeroides and Cynodon dactylon dominant community	草地 Grassland
		空心莲子草、乌蔹莓和蛇葡萄优势群落 A. philoxeroides, Causonis japonica and Ampelopsis glandulosa dominant community	灌木林地 Shrub land
		空心莲子草单优势群落 A. philoxeroides single dominant community	草地 Grassland
		乌蔹莓、三叶地锦和空心莲子草优势群落 Causonis japonica, Parthenocissus semicordata and Alternanthera philoxeroides dominant community	建筑用地 Construction land
		鳢肠和空心莲子草优势群落 Eclipta prostrata and Alternanthera philoxeroides dominant community	建筑用地 Construction land
一年蓬群落组 Erigeron annuus community group	3	一年蓬单优势群落 Erigeron annuus single dominant community	农用地 Farmland
天胡荽群落组 Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides community group	6	空心莲子草和天胡荽优势群落 A. philoxeroides and Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides dominant community	农用地 Farmland
白车轴草群落组 Trifolium repens community group	4	白车轴草和空心莲子草优势群落 Trifolium repens and Alternanthera philoxeroides dominant community	草地 Grassland
白车轴草群落组 Trifolium repens community group		翅果菊和白车轴草优势群落 Lactuca indica and Trifolium repens dominant community	建筑用地 Construction land
白茅群落组 Imperata cylindrica community group	6	白茅和一年蓬优势群落 Imperata cylindrica and Erigeron annuus dominant community	草地 Grassland
		白茅和加拿大一枝黄花优势群落 Imperata cylindrica and Solidago canadensis dominant community	草地 Grassland
马蹄金群落组 Dichondra micrantha community group	2	马蹄金和加拿大一枝黄花优势群落 Dichondra micrantha and Solidago canadensis dominant community	乔木林地 Arbor woodland

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