Biodiv Sci ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (11): 1435-1446. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021014
• Original Papers: Plant Diversity • Next Articles
Jie Zhu1,2,3,4,5, Anchi Wu1,2, Shun Zou6, Xin Xiong1, Shizhong Liu1, Guowei Chu1, Qianmei Zhang1, Juxiu Liu1, Xuli Tang1, Junhua Yan1, Deqiang Zhang1, Guoyi Zhou7,*(
)
Received:2021-01-12
Accepted:2021-10-25
Online:2021-11-20
Published:2021-11-23
Contact:
Guoyi Zhou
Jie Zhu, Anchi Wu, Shun Zou, Xin Xiong, Shizhong Liu, Guowei Chu, Qianmei Zhang, Juxiu Liu, Xuli Tang, Junhua Yan, Deqiang Zhang, Guoyi Zhou. Relationships between tree diversity and biomass/productivity and their influence factors in a lower subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2021, 29(11): 1435-1446.
| 变量 Variables | 范围 Range | 平均值 Mean | 标准偏差 SD |
|---|---|---|---|
| 物种丰富度 Species richness (R) | 6.00-21.50 | 12.86 | 3.69 |
| Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') | 1.23-2.68 | 2.07 | 0.31 |
| Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index (D) | 0.62-0.91 | 0.82 | 0.06 |
| Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (E) | 0.59-0.98 | 0.82 | 0.08 |
| 胸高断面积标准偏差 Basal area standard deviation (SDba) | 14.83-4,696.75 | 333.41 | 678.16 |
| 胸高断面积变异系数 Basal area coefficient of variation (CVba) | 86.49-2,069.74 | 486.98 | 371.29 |
| 胸高断面积基尼系数 Basal area Gini coefficient (GCba) | 0.55-1.00 | 0.82 | 0.10 |
| 树高标准偏差 Height standard deviation (SDh) | 1.49-8.40 | 4.14 | 1.77 |
| 树高变异系数 Height coefficient of variation (CVh) | 28.73-147.37 | 79.32 | 30.73 |
| 树高基尼系数 Height Gini coefficient (GCh) | 0.18-0.54 | 0.35 | 0.08 |
| 坡度(南北) Slop degree (Northsouth) (SNS) (°) | 0.00-89.61 | 10.52 | 11.86 |
| 坡度(东西) Slop degree(Eastwest) (SEW) (°) | 4.72-39.00 | 26.79 | 5.78 |
| 相对高差(南北) Relative dispersion (Northsouth) (RDNS) (m) | 0.00-3.07 | 0.95 | 0.83 |
| 相对高差(东西) Relative dispersion (Eastwest) (RDEW) (m) | 0.39-4.09 | 2.58 | 0.62 |
| 相对海拔 Relative altitude (RA) (m) | 4.50-66.20 | 33.42 | 15.47 |
| 土壤含水量 Water content (WC) | 0.20-0.30 | 0.24 | 0.02 |
| pH值 pH value | 3.74-4.05 | 3.85 | 0.06 |
| 有机碳 Organic carbon (C) (mg/g) | 18.79-42.75 | 26.18 | 4.37 |
| 全氮 Total nitrogen (TN) (mg/g) | 1.61-3.62 | 2.14 | 0.33 |
| 铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen (NH4+) (mg/g) | 0.00-0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
| 速效磷 Available phosphorus (AP) (mg/g) | 0.00-0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 速效钾 Available potassium (AK) (mg/g) | 0.08-0.23 | 0.12 | 0.03 |
Table 1 The statistical information of basic variables in the sampling plot in a lower subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest
| 变量 Variables | 范围 Range | 平均值 Mean | 标准偏差 SD |
|---|---|---|---|
| 物种丰富度 Species richness (R) | 6.00-21.50 | 12.86 | 3.69 |
| Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') | 1.23-2.68 | 2.07 | 0.31 |
| Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index (D) | 0.62-0.91 | 0.82 | 0.06 |
| Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (E) | 0.59-0.98 | 0.82 | 0.08 |
| 胸高断面积标准偏差 Basal area standard deviation (SDba) | 14.83-4,696.75 | 333.41 | 678.16 |
| 胸高断面积变异系数 Basal area coefficient of variation (CVba) | 86.49-2,069.74 | 486.98 | 371.29 |
| 胸高断面积基尼系数 Basal area Gini coefficient (GCba) | 0.55-1.00 | 0.82 | 0.10 |
| 树高标准偏差 Height standard deviation (SDh) | 1.49-8.40 | 4.14 | 1.77 |
| 树高变异系数 Height coefficient of variation (CVh) | 28.73-147.37 | 79.32 | 30.73 |
| 树高基尼系数 Height Gini coefficient (GCh) | 0.18-0.54 | 0.35 | 0.08 |
| 坡度(南北) Slop degree (Northsouth) (SNS) (°) | 0.00-89.61 | 10.52 | 11.86 |
| 坡度(东西) Slop degree(Eastwest) (SEW) (°) | 4.72-39.00 | 26.79 | 5.78 |
| 相对高差(南北) Relative dispersion (Northsouth) (RDNS) (m) | 0.00-3.07 | 0.95 | 0.83 |
| 相对高差(东西) Relative dispersion (Eastwest) (RDEW) (m) | 0.39-4.09 | 2.58 | 0.62 |
| 相对海拔 Relative altitude (RA) (m) | 4.50-66.20 | 33.42 | 15.47 |
| 土壤含水量 Water content (WC) | 0.20-0.30 | 0.24 | 0.02 |
| pH值 pH value | 3.74-4.05 | 3.85 | 0.06 |
| 有机碳 Organic carbon (C) (mg/g) | 18.79-42.75 | 26.18 | 4.37 |
| 全氮 Total nitrogen (TN) (mg/g) | 1.61-3.62 | 2.14 | 0.33 |
| 铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen (NH4+) (mg/g) | 0.00-0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
| 速效磷 Available phosphorus (AP) (mg/g) | 0.00-0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 速效钾 Available potassium (AK) (mg/g) | 0.08-0.23 | 0.12 | 0.03 |
| 类型 Class | 成分 Component | 特征值 Eigenvalue | 方差贡献率 Contribution rate of variance (%) | 方差累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate of variance (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 物种多样性 Species diversity | 1 | 2.93 | 73.45 | 73.45 |
| 2 | 1.02 | 25.52 | 98.97 | |
| 3 | 0.03 | 0.76 | 99.73 | |
| 4 | 0.01 | 0.27 | 100 | |
| 结构多样性 Structural diversity | 1 | 4.22 | 70.37 | 70.37 |
| 2 | 0.93 | 15.54 | 85.91 | |
| 3 | 0.47 | 7.78 | 93.69 | |
| 4 | 0.25 | 4.19 | 97.88 | |
| 5 | 0.07 | 1.11 | 98.99 | |
| 6 | 0.06 | 1.01 | 100 | |
| 地形 Topography | 1 | 2.77 | 55.35 | 55.35 |
| 2 | 1.49 | 29.77 | 85.12 | |
| 3 | 0.61 | 12.13 | 97.25 | |
| 4 | 0.13 | 2.66 | 99.91 | |
| 5 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 100 | |
| 土壤养分 Soil nutrients | 1 | 3.51 | 50.17 | 50.17 |
| 2 | 1.37 | 19.62 | 69.79 | |
| 3 | 0.84 | 11.98 | 81.77 | |
| 4 | 0.65 | 9.22 | 90.99 | |
| 5 | 0.42 | 6.05 | 97.04 | |
| 6 | 0.13 | 1.89 | 98.93 | |
| 7 | 0.07 | 1.07 | 100 |
Table 2 Eigenvalues and contribution rate of species diversity factors, structural diversity factors, topography factors and soil nutrients factors.
| 类型 Class | 成分 Component | 特征值 Eigenvalue | 方差贡献率 Contribution rate of variance (%) | 方差累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate of variance (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 物种多样性 Species diversity | 1 | 2.93 | 73.45 | 73.45 |
| 2 | 1.02 | 25.52 | 98.97 | |
| 3 | 0.03 | 0.76 | 99.73 | |
| 4 | 0.01 | 0.27 | 100 | |
| 结构多样性 Structural diversity | 1 | 4.22 | 70.37 | 70.37 |
| 2 | 0.93 | 15.54 | 85.91 | |
| 3 | 0.47 | 7.78 | 93.69 | |
| 4 | 0.25 | 4.19 | 97.88 | |
| 5 | 0.07 | 1.11 | 98.99 | |
| 6 | 0.06 | 1.01 | 100 | |
| 地形 Topography | 1 | 2.77 | 55.35 | 55.35 |
| 2 | 1.49 | 29.77 | 85.12 | |
| 3 | 0.61 | 12.13 | 97.25 | |
| 4 | 0.13 | 2.66 | 99.91 | |
| 5 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 100 | |
| 土壤养分 Soil nutrients | 1 | 3.51 | 50.17 | 50.17 |
| 2 | 1.37 | 19.62 | 69.79 | |
| 3 | 0.84 | 11.98 | 81.77 | |
| 4 | 0.65 | 9.22 | 90.99 | |
| 5 | 0.42 | 6.05 | 97.04 | |
| 6 | 0.13 | 1.89 | 98.93 | |
| 7 | 0.07 | 1.07 | 100 |
Fig. 1 Relationship between species diversity and structural diversity with plant biomass and productivity. (a) Loadings on the first and second axes of four species diversity indexes; (b) Loadings on the first and second axes of six structural diversity indexes; (c) Relationship between loadings on the first axe of species diversity and plant biomass and productivity; (d) Relationship between loadings on the first axe of structural diversity and plant biomass and productivity. Abbreviations have the same as in Table 1.
Fig. 2 Pearson correlation between tree species diversity, plant biomass, plant productivity and soil nutrients, topographic factors in subtropical evergreen broad‐leaved forest. The letter B and P mean biomass and productivity, and other abbreviations have the same as in Table 1, *, P < 0.05, **, P < 0.01, ***, P < 0.001, white sign (*) is positive correlation, black sign (*) is negative correlation.
Fig. 3 The impact of species diversity, structural diversity, topography and soil nutrients on plant productivity and biomass. (a) Variation partitioning analysis explains the pure and shared effect of factors on plant productivity. (b) Variation partitioning analysis explains the pure and shared effect of factors on plant biomass. (c) Structural equation model (SEM) reveals the direct and indirect effects of species diversity, structural diversity, topography and soil nutrients on plant productivity and biomass (N = 100). The SEM considered all plausible pathways, to increase the degrees of freedom, R2 indicates the proportion of variance explained. The numbers on the arrows indicate standardized path coefficients. The arrow width is proportional to the strength of the path coefficients. *, P < 0.05, **, P < 0.01, ***, P < 0.001.
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