Species diversity and maintenance mechanisms of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the Xijiang River

doi:10.17520/biods.2023499

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The Xijiang River, renowned for its rich freshwater biodiversity and endemism, presents an intriguing yet understudied ecosystem. This study aims to elucidate the species diversity patterns and underlying mechanisms maintaining macroinvertebrate communities in this mega river. Drawing from published literature and an extensive field survey conducted from 2021 to 2023, our objectives include compiling a comprehensive species checklist, identifying ecological drivers shaping community structure, and proposing conservation strategies.

Methods Macroinvertebrates were sampled from key water bodies within the Xijiang River, including main stream, tributaries, and plateau lakes from the years 2021 to 2023. One-way ANOVA was employed to analyze species diversity indices across different water bodies. PERMANOVA (permutational multivariate analysis of variance) and PCoA (principal co-ordinates analysis) were used to assess community structure variation, while canonical correspondence analysis and variation partitioning identify potential key factors influencing macroinvertebrate community organization.

Results A total of 704 species from 437 genera, representing 150 families across 10 orders and 5 phyla, were documented (combining 506 historical records with 352 findings from 2021 to 2023). The proportion of species endemic to China reaches as high as 26% of the total number of species. The average density and biomass in the present survey period were 437.53 ind./m² and 38.65 g/m², respectively. Tanypus sp., Glyptotendipes sp., Parafossarulus striatulus and Corbicula flumineaemerged as the dominant species. Species richness and diversity indices were highest in tributaries, followed by the main stream and lakes. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that a combination of environmental factors (e.g., altitude, conductivity and chemical oxygen demand with permanganate) and spatial factors jointly influenced macroinvertebrate community structure. Moreover, variation partitioning highlighted the dominance of environmental factors in tributaries and lakes, while spatial factors predominantly influenced main stream communities.

Conclusion This study presents the most comprehensive inventory of macroinvertebrates in the Xijiang River to date, showcasing its significance as a global biodiversity hotspot. Despite the region’s rich macroinvertebrate biodiversity, anthropogenic pressures have led to a decline in species richness. To safeguard and restore macroinvertebrate diversity and endemism, proactive conservation measures are imperative. Strategies should include curbing overfishing, regulating illicit mining practices, restoring natural hydrological patterns and riparian zones, mitigating point and non-point source pollution, and preventing the encroachment of non-native species.

Key words: Xijiang River, macroinvertebrates, species diversity, maintenance mechanisms, conservation measures

Xue Bai, Zhengfei Li, Yang Liu, Junqian Zhang, Duopeng Zhang, Xin Luo, Jiali Yang, Lina Du, Xuankong Jiang, Ruiwen Wu, Zhicai Xie. Species diversity and maintenance mechanisms of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the Xijiang River[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(7): 23499.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2023499

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2024/V32/I7/23499

Figures/Tables 9

References 61

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	干流 Main stream	支流 Tributary	湖泊 Lake	F	P
海拔 Altitude (m)	553.781 ± 670.88^c	274.31 ± 357.87^b	1,639.46 ± 160.75^a	35.95	< 0.001
水温 Water temperature (℃)	21.13 ± 2.50^b	20.70 ± 2.74^a	23.49 ± 3.28^a	5.93	< 0.001
电导率 Electric conductivity (μS/cm)	364.60 ± 118.04^b	189.71 ± 154.16^c	630.38 ± 115.04^a	59.67	< 0.001
溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)	7.90 ± 0.95	7.36 ± 1.43	7.94 ± 1.37	2.12	0.130
水深 Water depth (m)	3.88 ± 5.47	3.04 ± 3.86	5.94 ± 7.72	1.45	0.239
pH	7.89 ± 0.16^b	7.41 ± 0.44^c	8.61 ± 0.26^a	86.95	< 0.001
高锰酸盐指数 COD_Mn(mg/L)	1.59 ± 1.20^b	1.53 ± 0.47^b	16.26 ± 16.68^a	30.73	< 0.001
总氮 Total nitrogen (mg/L)	1.49 ± 0.68	1.63 ± 0.50	2.13 ± 2.29	2.03	0.138
硝态氮 Nitric nitrogen (mg/L)	2.44 ± 1.34^a	1.54 ± 0.56^b	0.77 ± 0.73^c	16.91	< 0.001
铵氮 Ammonium nitrogen (mg/L)	0.44 ± 1.32	0.24 ± 0.03	0.41 ± 0.43	0.38	0.680
盐度 Salinity (‰)	0.10 ± 0.05^b	0.05 ± 0.03^c	0.25 ± 0.10^a	67.41	< 0.001
总磷 Total phosphorus (mg/L)	0.18 ± 0.35	0.08 ± 0.04	0.10 ± 0.10	1.58	0.210

	干流 Main stream	支流 Tributary	湖泊 Lake	F	P
海拔 Altitude (m)	553.781 ± 670.88^c	274.31 ± 357.87^b	1,639.46 ± 160.75^a	35.95	< 0.001
水温 Water temperature (℃)	21.13 ± 2.50^b	20.70 ± 2.74^a	23.49 ± 3.28^a	5.93	< 0.001
电导率 Electric conductivity (μS/cm)	364.60 ± 118.04^b	189.71 ± 154.16^c	630.38 ± 115.04^a	59.67	< 0.001
溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)	7.90 ± 0.95	7.36 ± 1.43	7.94 ± 1.37	2.12	0.130
水深 Water depth (m)	3.88 ± 5.47	3.04 ± 3.86	5.94 ± 7.72	1.45	0.239
pH	7.89 ± 0.16^b	7.41 ± 0.44^c	8.61 ± 0.26^a	86.95	< 0.001
高锰酸盐指数 COD_Mn(mg/L)	1.59 ± 1.20^b	1.53 ± 0.47^b	16.26 ± 16.68^a	30.73	< 0.001
总氮 Total nitrogen (mg/L)	1.49 ± 0.68	1.63 ± 0.50	2.13 ± 2.29	2.03	0.138
硝态氮 Nitric nitrogen (mg/L)	2.44 ± 1.34^a	1.54 ± 0.56^b	0.77 ± 0.73^c	16.91	< 0.001
铵氮 Ammonium nitrogen (mg/L)	0.44 ± 1.32	0.24 ± 0.03	0.41 ± 0.43	0.38	0.680
盐度 Salinity (‰)	0.10 ± 0.05^b	0.05 ± 0.03^c	0.25 ± 0.10^a	67.41	< 0.001
总磷 Total phosphorus (mg/L)	0.18 ± 0.35	0.08 ± 0.04	0.10 ± 0.10	1.58	0.210

物种 Species	西江 Xijiang River (%)	干流 Main stream (%)	支流 Tributary (%)	湖泊 Lake (%)
苏氏尾鳃蚓 Branchiura sowerbyi	-	6.4	-	-
水丝蚓属一种 Limnodrilus sp.	-	-	-	6.2
蜾蠃蜚属一种 Corophium sp.	-	6.3	-	-
米虾属一种 Caridina sp.	-	7.2	-	-
摇蚊属一种 Chironomus sp.	-	-	7.8	-
长足摇蚊属一种 Tanypus sp.	17.2	-	-	42.9
多足摇蚊属一种 Polypedilum sp.	-	7.9	-	-
雕翅摇蚊属一种 Glyptotendipes sp.	5.2	-	-	12.9
石田螺属一种 Sinotaia sp.	-	5.8	-	-
膀胱螺属一种 Physa sp.	-	5.0	-	-
纹沼螺 Parafossarulus striatulus	7.2	-	-	17.3
越南沟蜷 Sulcospira tonkiniana	-	-	5.7	-
河蚬 Corbicula fluminea	6.2	-	14.4	-
湖沼股蛤 Limnoperna lacustris	-	-	7.1	-

物种 Species	西江 Xijiang River (%)	干流 Main stream (%)	支流 Tributary (%)	湖泊 Lake (%)
苏氏尾鳃蚓 Branchiura sowerbyi	-	6.4	-	-
水丝蚓属一种 Limnodrilus sp.	-	-	-	6.2
蜾蠃蜚属一种 Corophium sp.	-	6.3	-	-
米虾属一种 Caridina sp.	-	7.2	-	-
摇蚊属一种 Chironomus sp.	-	-	7.8	-
长足摇蚊属一种 Tanypus sp.	17.2	-	-	42.9
多足摇蚊属一种 Polypedilum sp.	-	7.9	-	-
雕翅摇蚊属一种 Glyptotendipes sp.	5.2	-	-	12.9
石田螺属一种 Sinotaia sp.	-	5.8	-	-
膀胱螺属一种 Physa sp.	-	5.0	-	-
纹沼螺 Parafossarulus striatulus	7.2	-	-	17.3
越南沟蜷 Sulcospira tonkiniana	-	-	5.7	-
河蚬 Corbicula fluminea	6.2	-	14.4	-
湖沼股蛤 Limnoperna lacustris	-	-	7.1	-