Species diversity and seasonal fluctuation of entomogenous fungi of Ascomycota in Taibaoshan Forest Park in western Yunnan

doi:10.17520/biods.2019135

Abstract

Abstract:

Yunnan Province and the Tibetan Plateau are home to a large diversity of entomogenous fungi. We selected Taibaoshan Forest Park of Baoshan City, in Yunnan to investigate the species diversity of entomogenous fungi of Ascomycota and their seasonal fluctuations throughout the year. We collected samples of soil and infected insects monthly in 2016, and the entomogenous fungal strains were isolated before multigene (nrSSU, nrLSU, EF-1α, RPB1, and RPB2) phylogenetic analyses were used to identify species. Finally we quanitifed the fluctuations throughout the year in alpha diversity. Entomogenous fungi of Ascomycota in Taibaoshan Forest Park were found through the entire year and we identified a total of 395 fungal strains, including 24 species from nine genera of three families. Cordyceps (199 strains of six species) and Beauveria (80 strains of five species) were the dominant genera. Akanthomyces sp., Cordyceps tenuipes, C. cicadae, C. fumosorosea and Beauveria bassiana were the dominant species. The detection rate of strains was the highest (85 strains, 21.4% of the total) in July, But the species richness (15 species) and Shannon-Wiener diversity index (2.35) were the highest in August. Among the five most dominant species, only C. cicadae was much affected by seasonal changes: occurring from May to September and being most prosperous in July (35 strains, 41.2% of the total strains in July). The other four species were detected through most of the year (11 or 12 months), indicating a constant abundance of entomogenous Ascomycota were abundant in Taibaoshan Forest Park, regardless of seasonal changes.

Key words: Taibaoshan Forest Park, entomogenous fungi, species diversity, dominant genera and species, population dynamics

Zihong Chen,Yuanbing Wang,Yongdong Dai,Kai Chen,Ling Xu,Qingcheng He. Species diversity and seasonal fluctuation of entomogenous fungi of Ascomycota in Taibaoshan Forest Park in western Yunnan[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2019, 27(9): 993-1001.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2019135

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2019/V27/I9/993

Figures/Tables 5

References 21

1	Chen MJ, Huang B, Wang M, Wu SZ, Fan MZ, Zou YD, Li ZZ ( 2007) Species diversity and seasonal change of entomogenous fungi in Langya Mountains Nature Reserve. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 18, 2075-2079. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 陈名君, 黄勃, 王蒙, 吴仕振, 樊美珍, 邹运鼎, 李增智 ( 2007) 琅琊山虫生真菌物种多样性和季节变化. 应用生态学报, 18, 2075-2079.]
2	Chen ZH, Dai YD, Yu H, Yang K, Yang ZL, Yuan F, Zeng WB ( 2013) Systematic analyses of Ophiocordyceps lanpingensis sp. nov., a new species of Ophiocordyceps in China. Microbiological Research, 168, 525-532.
3	Chen ZH, Yang XN, Sun NJ, Xu L, Zheng Y, Yang YM ( 2018) Species diversity and vertical distribution characteristics of Metarhizium in Gaoligong Mountains, southwestern China. Biodiversity Science, 26, 1308-1317. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 陈自宏, 杨晓娜, 孙宁静, 徐玲, 郑元, 杨宇明 ( 2018) 中国西南高黎贡山绿僵菌物种多样性及其垂直分布特征. 生物多样性, 26, 1308-1317.]
4	Dai YD, Yu H, Zeng WB, Yang JY, He L ( 2016) Multilocus phylogenetic analyses of the genus Isaria (Ascomycota, Cordycipitaceae). Mycosystema, 35, 147-160. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 代永东, 虞泓, 曾文波, 杨俊媛, 何璐 ( 2016) 多基因联合分析棒束孢属Isaria (Ascomycota, Cordycipitaceae)系统发育关系. 菌物学报, 35, 147-160.]
5	Jiang X, Wang CY, Li LZ, Wang X, Teng LR, Zhou YL ( 2017) Activity comparison study on Paecilomyces hepiali, Cordyceps militaris and wild Cordyceps sinensis. Journal of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 33, 544-547. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 姜雪, 王春月, 李兰洲, 王雪, 滕利荣, 周毓麟 ( 2017) 蝙蝠蛾拟青霉及蛹虫草与野生冬虫夏草活性比较. 长春中医药大学学报, 33, 544-547.]
6	Kepler RM, Humber RA, Bischoff JF, Rehner SA ( 2014) Clarification of generic and species boundaries for Metarhizium and related fungi through multigene phylogenetics. Mycologia, 106, 811-829.
7	Kepler RM, Luangsa-ard JJ, Hywel-Jones NL, Quandt CA, Sung GH, Rehner SA, Aime MC, Henkel TW, Sanjuan T, Zare R, Chen MJ, Li ZZ, Rossman AY, Spatafora JW, Shrestha B ( 2017) A phylogenetically-based nomenclature for Cordycipitaceae (Hypocreales). IMA Fungus, 8, 335-353.
8	Keyser CA, Licht HHDF, Steinwender BM, Meyling NV ( 2015) Diversity within the entomopathogenic fungal species Metarhizium flavoviride associated with agricultural crops in Denmark. BMC Microbiology, 15, 249.
9	Li WY, He YC, Wang JM, Zhang ZG, Zhang XH ( 2003) Ecological diversity of entomogenous fungi in Shanxi Province. Biodiversity Science, 11, 53-58. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 李文英, 贺运春, 王建明, 张作刚, 张仙红 ( 2003) 山西省虫生真菌生态多样性研究. 生物多样性, 11, 53-58.]
10	Li ZZ ( 2015) History, progress and current status of the application of fungi against pest insects in China. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 31, 699-711. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 李增智 ( 2015) 我国利用真菌防治害虫的历史、进展及现状. 中国生物防治, 31, 699-711.]
11	Liu YJ, Zhou HB, Dong XR, Xu SW, Cai QX ( 2018) Species diversity and distribution characteristics of entomogenous fungi in Zipeng Mountain National Forest Park. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 34, 568-573. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 刘玉军, 周海波, 董先茹, 许舒雯, 蔡群兴 ( 2018) 紫蓬山国家森林公园虫生真菌物种多样性与分布特点. 中国生物防治学报, 34, 568-573.]
12	Luangsa-ard JJ, Mongkolsamrit S, Thanakitpipattana D, Khonsanit A, Tasanathai K, Noisripoom W, Humber RA ( 2017) Clavicipitaceous entomopathogens: New species in Metarhizium and a new genus Nigelia. Mycological Progress, 16, 369-391.
13	Maherali H, Klironomos JN ( 2007) Influence of phylogeny on fungal community assembly and ecosystem functioning. Science, 316, 1746-1748.
14	Quandt CA, Kepler RM, Gams W, Araújo JPM, Ban S, Evans HC, Hughes D, Humber R, Hywel-Jones N, Li ZZ, Luangsa-ard JJ, Rehner SA, Sanjuan T, Sato H, Shrestha B, Sung GH, Yao YJ, Zare R, Spatafora JW ( 2014) Phylogenetic-based nomenclatural proposals for Ophiocordycipitaceae (Hypocreales) with new combinations in Tolypocladium. IMA Fungus, 5, 121-134.
15	Sinha KK, Choudhary AK, Kumari P ( 2016) Entomopathogenic fungi. In: Ecofriendly Pest Management for Food Security (ed. Omkar O), pp. 475-505. Academic Press, Pittsburgh.
16	Sung GH, Hywel-Jones NL, Sung JM, Luangsa-ard JJ, Shrestha B, Spatafora JW ( 2007) Phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps and the clavicipitaceous fungi. Studies in Mycology, 57, 5-59.
17	Van Elass JD, Chiruazzi M, Mallon CA, Elhottová D, Krištůfek V, Salles JF ( 2012) Microbial diversity determines the invasion of soil by a bacteria pathogen. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 109, 1159-1164.
18	Wang M, Yin YP, Wang ZK, Liu JJ, Liao YF ( 2014) Multilocus phylogenetic analysis of the taxonomic status of 10 strains of Metarhizium. Plant Protection, 40(5), 14-21. (in Chinese) (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 王萌, 殷幼平, 王中康, 刘娟娟, 廖玉凤 ( 2014) 10株绿僵菌菌株分类地位的多基因系统进化分析. 植物保护, 40(5), 14-21.]
19	Wang SB, Liu JN, Huang B, Fan MZ, Li ZZ ( 2004) The community structure and ecological distribution of entomogenous fungi in Dabie Mountains. Mycosystema, 23, 195-203. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 王四宝, 刘竞男, 黄勃, 樊美珍, 李增智 ( 2004) 大别山地区虫生真菌群落结构与生态分布. 菌物学报, 23, 195-203.]
20	Xue Y, Chen LP ( 2006) Statistical Modeling and R Software. Tsinghua University Press,Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[ 薛毅, 陈立萍 ( 2006) 统计建模与R软件. 清华大学出版社, 北京.]
21	Yosiaki Itô ( 1997) Diversity of forest tree species in Yanbaru, the northern part of Okinawa Island. Plant Ecology, 133, 125-133.

科 Family	属 Genus	物种 Species	菌株数 Strain number	重要值 Importance value
虫草科 Cordycipitaceae	刺束梗孢属 Akanthomyces	Akanthomyces sp.	73	0.185
虫草科 Cordycipitaceae	白僵菌属 Beauveria	球孢白僵菌 B. bassiana	52	0.132
		假球孢白僵菌 B. pseudobassiana	20	0.051
		墨脱白僵菌 B. medogensis	4	0.010
		亚洲白僵菌 B. asiatica	2	0.005
		布氏白僵菌 B. brongniartii	2	0.005
	虫草属 Cordyceps	蝉花 C. cicadae	56	0.142
		高雄山虫草 C. tenuipes	56	0.142
		玫烟色虫草 C. fumosorosea	54	0.137
		环链虫草 C. cateniannulata	28	0.071
		斜链虫草 C. cateniobliqua	4	0.010
		双梭孢虫草 C. bifusispora	1	0.003
	球束梗孢属 Gibellula	丽球束梗孢 G. pulchra	18	0.046
	蜡蚧菌属 Lecanicillium	刀孢蜡蚧菌 L. psalliotae	3	0.008
线虫草科 Ophiocordycipitaceae	线虫草属 Ophiocordyceps	黄棒线虫草 O. clavata	1	0.003
线虫草科 Ophiocordycipitaceae		红蚁线虫草 O. myrmicarum	1	0.003
		蚁生线虫草 O. myrmecophila	1	0.003
	多头霉属 Polycephalomyces	枝多头霉 P. ramosus	2	0.005
		枝垫多头霉 P. ramosopulvinatus	1	0.003
	紫孢菌属 Purpureocillium	淡紫紫孢菌 P. lilacinum	4	0.010
		蜘蛛紫孢菌 P. atypicola	1	0.003
麦角菌科 Clavicipitaceae	绿僵菌属 Metarhizium	金龟子绿僵菌 M. anisopliae	6	0.015
麦角菌科 Clavicipitaceae		莱氏绿僵菌 M. rileyi	3	0.013
		鳞腮绿僵菌 M. lepidiotae	2	0.008

科 Family	属 Genus	物种 Species	菌株数 Strain number	重要值 Importance value
虫草科 Cordycipitaceae	刺束梗孢属 Akanthomyces	Akanthomyces sp.	73	0.185
虫草科 Cordycipitaceae	白僵菌属 Beauveria	球孢白僵菌 B. bassiana	52	0.132
		假球孢白僵菌 B. pseudobassiana	20	0.051
		墨脱白僵菌 B. medogensis	4	0.010
		亚洲白僵菌 B. asiatica	2	0.005
		布氏白僵菌 B. brongniartii	2	0.005
	虫草属 Cordyceps	蝉花 C. cicadae	56	0.142
		高雄山虫草 C. tenuipes	56	0.142
		玫烟色虫草 C. fumosorosea	54	0.137
		环链虫草 C. cateniannulata	28	0.071
		斜链虫草 C. cateniobliqua	4	0.010
		双梭孢虫草 C. bifusispora	1	0.003
	球束梗孢属 Gibellula	丽球束梗孢 G. pulchra	18	0.046
	蜡蚧菌属 Lecanicillium	刀孢蜡蚧菌 L. psalliotae	3	0.008
线虫草科 Ophiocordycipitaceae	线虫草属 Ophiocordyceps	黄棒线虫草 O. clavata	1	0.003
线虫草科 Ophiocordycipitaceae		红蚁线虫草 O. myrmicarum	1	0.003
		蚁生线虫草 O. myrmecophila	1	0.003
	多头霉属 Polycephalomyces	枝多头霉 P. ramosus	2	0.005
		枝垫多头霉 P. ramosopulvinatus	1	0.003
	紫孢菌属 Purpureocillium	淡紫紫孢菌 P. lilacinum	4	0.010
		蜘蛛紫孢菌 P. atypicola	1	0.003
麦角菌科 Clavicipitaceae	绿僵菌属 Metarhizium	金龟子绿僵菌 M. anisopliae	6	0.015
麦角菌科 Clavicipitaceae		莱氏绿僵菌 M. rileyi	3	0.013
		鳞腮绿僵菌 M. lepidiotae	2	0.008

月份 Month	菌株数 No. of strains	物种丰富度Species richness	优势度指数 Dominance index	均匀度 Evenness	Shannon-Wiener index	空气温度 Air temperature (℃)	空气湿度 Air humidity (%)
1	16	4	0.33	0.87	1.21	10 ± 2.1	44 ± 3.2
2	20	6	0.26	0.86	1.54	14 ± 2.8	43 ± 3.6
3	13	6	0.29	0.83	1.48	17 ± 2.3	40 ± 3.1
4	11	5	0.26	0.91	1.47	21 ± 2.2	46 ± 2.6
5	20	7	0.18	0.94	1.83	26 ± 2.3	68 ± 4.3
6	59	11	0.14	0.89	2.14	28 ± 1.1	83 ± 3.0
7	85	10	0.21	0.82	1.89	28 ± 1.5	75 ± 5.9
8	59	15	0.11	0.87	2.35	29 ± 0.8	57 ± 5.1
9	40	8	0.23	0.81	1.69	25 ± 1.1	63 ± 4.0
10	28	8	0.20	0.87	1.80	24 ± 1.2	60 ± 4.2
11	30	7	0.22	0.88	1.71	18 ± 1.7	51 ± 1.5
12	14	6	0.29	0.82	1.48	14 ± 1.6	47 ± 2.3

月份 Month	菌株数 No. of strains	物种丰富度Species richness	优势度指数 Dominance index	均匀度 Evenness	Shannon-Wiener index	空气温度 Air temperature (℃)	空气湿度 Air humidity (%)
1	16	4	0.33	0.87	1.21	10 ± 2.1	44 ± 3.2
2	20	6	0.26	0.86	1.54	14 ± 2.8	43 ± 3.6
3	13	6	0.29	0.83	1.48	17 ± 2.3	40 ± 3.1
4	11	5	0.26	0.91	1.47	21 ± 2.2	46 ± 2.6
5	20	7	0.18	0.94	1.83	26 ± 2.3	68 ± 4.3
6	59	11	0.14	0.89	2.14	28 ± 1.1	83 ± 3.0
7	85	10	0.21	0.82	1.89	28 ± 1.5	75 ± 5.9
8	59	15	0.11	0.87	2.35	29 ± 0.8	57 ± 5.1
9	40	8	0.23	0.81	1.69	25 ± 1.1	63 ± 4.0
10	28	8	0.20	0.87	1.80	24 ± 1.2	60 ± 4.2
11	30	7	0.22	0.88	1.71	18 ± 1.7	51 ± 1.5
12	14	6	0.29	0.82	1.48	14 ± 1.6	47 ± 2.3

[1]	Hong Qian, Jian Zhang, Jingchao Zhao. How many known vascular plant species are there in the world? An integration of multiple global plant databases [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(7): 22254-.
[2]	Zhengfei Li, Xiaoming Jiang, Jun Wang, Xingliang Meng, Junqian Zhang, Zhicai Xie. Species diversity and driving factors of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(6): 21431-.
[3]	Xiaoyan Jiang, Shengjie Gao, Yan Jiang, Yun Tian, Xin Jia, Tianshan Zha. Species diversity, functional diversity, and phylogenetic diversity in plant communities at different phases of vegetation restoration in the Mu Us sandy grassland [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(5): 21387-.
[4]	Min Zhang, Chunpo Tian, Xianli Che, Yanyan Zhao, Shiwang Chen, Xia Zhou, Fasheng Zou. New bird records in Guangdong Province and their correlation with natural and social-economic factors [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(5): 21396-.
[5]	Taohua Yuan, Meijun Li, Liuyi Ren, Rongxin Huang, Yi Chen, Xinxiang Bai. A dataset on the diversity and geographical distributions of wild Impatiens in China [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(5): 22019-.
[6]	Haiping Li, Zhuqing Xu, Zhihang Long. Conservation gap analysis of key protected and rare animals in Da Hinggan Range Region, China [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(2): 21294-.
[7]	Shengxian Chen, Xiting Zhang, Danqi She, Zhonghua Zhang, Zhiqiang Zhou, Huimei Wang, Wenjie Wang. Effects of plant species diversity, dominant species importance, and soil properties on glomalin-related soil protein [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(2): 21115-.
[8]	Jiang Qiao, Guoqing Jia, Huaming Zhou, Lin Gong, Yong Jiang, Nengwen Xiao, Xiaoqi Gao, Anxiang Wen, Jie Wang. Mammal and bird diversity recorded with camera traps in Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(2): 20395-.
[9]	Jun Wang, Chao Zhao. Taxonomy, species diversity and distribution patterns of fungus-feeding Phlaeothripidae in China [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(12): 22128-.
[10]	Yongqingcuomu , Xinqiang Xi, Kechang Niu. Effect of plant species loss on grassland caterpillar in alpine meadows [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(11): 22069-.
[11]	Zixiao Dai, Guoke Chen, Naili Zhang, Keping Ma. A dataset on the diversity of forest vascular epiphytes in China [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(11): 22332-.
[12]	Qiuju Chen, Zhixian Sun, Xuejian Li, Rui Zhang, Rui Xi, Chen Tian, Xin Wang, Yingchun Xing, Yahui Zhao. Fish diversity of Wuyishan National Park and its adjacent areas [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(11): 22260-.
[13]	Huijie Qiao, Junhua Hu. Reconstructing community assembly using a numerical simulation model [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(10): 22456-.
[14]	Cheng Gao, Liang-Dong Guo. Progress on microbial species diversity, community assembly and functional traits [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(10): 22429-.
[15]	Shanlin Liu, Na Qiu, Shuyi Zhang, Zhunan Zhao, Xin Zhou. Application of genomics technology in biodiversity conservation research [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(10): 22441-.