Species diversity and seasonal fluctuation of entomogenous fungi of Ascomycota in Taibaoshan Forest Park in western Yunnan

doi:10.17520/biods.2019135

Abstract

Abstract:

Yunnan Province and the Tibetan Plateau are home to a large diversity of entomogenous fungi. We selected Taibaoshan Forest Park of Baoshan City, in Yunnan to investigate the species diversity of entomogenous fungi of Ascomycota and their seasonal fluctuations throughout the year. We collected samples of soil and infected insects monthly in 2016, and the entomogenous fungal strains were isolated before multigene (nrSSU, nrLSU, EF-1α, RPB1, and RPB2) phylogenetic analyses were used to identify species. Finally we quanitifed the fluctuations throughout the year in alpha diversity. Entomogenous fungi of Ascomycota in Taibaoshan Forest Park were found through the entire year and we identified a total of 395 fungal strains, including 24 species from nine genera of three families. Cordyceps (199 strains of six species) and Beauveria (80 strains of five species) were the dominant genera. Akanthomyces sp., Cordyceps tenuipes, C. cicadae, C. fumosorosea and Beauveria bassiana were the dominant species. The detection rate of strains was the highest (85 strains, 21.4% of the total) in July, But the species richness (15 species) and Shannon-Wiener diversity index (2.35) were the highest in August. Among the five most dominant species, only C. cicadae was much affected by seasonal changes: occurring from May to September and being most prosperous in July (35 strains, 41.2% of the total strains in July). The other four species were detected through most of the year (11 or 12 months), indicating a constant abundance of entomogenous Ascomycota were abundant in Taibaoshan Forest Park, regardless of seasonal changes.

Key words: Taibaoshan Forest Park, entomogenous fungi, species diversity, dominant genera and species, population dynamics

Zihong Chen,Yuanbing Wang,Yongdong Dai,Kai Chen,Ling Xu,Qingcheng He. Species diversity and seasonal fluctuation of entomogenous fungi of Ascomycota in Taibaoshan Forest Park in western Yunnan[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2019, 27(9): 993-1001.

Figures/Tables 5

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科 Family	属 Genus	物种 Species	菌株数 Strain number	重要值 Importance value
虫草科 Cordycipitaceae	刺束梗孢属 Akanthomyces	Akanthomyces sp.	73	0.185
虫草科 Cordycipitaceae	白僵菌属 Beauveria	球孢白僵菌 B. bassiana	52	0.132
		假球孢白僵菌 B. pseudobassiana	20	0.051
		墨脱白僵菌 B. medogensis	4	0.010
		亚洲白僵菌 B. asiatica	2	0.005
		布氏白僵菌 B. brongniartii	2	0.005
	虫草属 Cordyceps	蝉花 C. cicadae	56	0.142
		高雄山虫草 C. tenuipes	56	0.142
		玫烟色虫草 C. fumosorosea	54	0.137
		环链虫草 C. cateniannulata	28	0.071
		斜链虫草 C. cateniobliqua	4	0.010
		双梭孢虫草 C. bifusispora	1	0.003
	球束梗孢属 Gibellula	丽球束梗孢 G. pulchra	18	0.046
	蜡蚧菌属 Lecanicillium	刀孢蜡蚧菌 L. psalliotae	3	0.008
线虫草科 Ophiocordycipitaceae	线虫草属 Ophiocordyceps	黄棒线虫草 O. clavata	1	0.003
线虫草科 Ophiocordycipitaceae		红蚁线虫草 O. myrmicarum	1	0.003
		蚁生线虫草 O. myrmecophila	1	0.003
	多头霉属 Polycephalomyces	枝多头霉 P. ramosus	2	0.005
		枝垫多头霉 P. ramosopulvinatus	1	0.003
	紫孢菌属 Purpureocillium	淡紫紫孢菌 P. lilacinum	4	0.010
		蜘蛛紫孢菌 P. atypicola	1	0.003
麦角菌科 Clavicipitaceae	绿僵菌属 Metarhizium	金龟子绿僵菌 M. anisopliae	6	0.015
麦角菌科 Clavicipitaceae		莱氏绿僵菌 M. rileyi	3	0.013
		鳞腮绿僵菌 M. lepidiotae	2	0.008

科 Family	属 Genus	物种 Species	菌株数 Strain number	重要值 Importance value
虫草科 Cordycipitaceae	刺束梗孢属 Akanthomyces	Akanthomyces sp.	73	0.185
虫草科 Cordycipitaceae	白僵菌属 Beauveria	球孢白僵菌 B. bassiana	52	0.132
		假球孢白僵菌 B. pseudobassiana	20	0.051
		墨脱白僵菌 B. medogensis	4	0.010
		亚洲白僵菌 B. asiatica	2	0.005
		布氏白僵菌 B. brongniartii	2	0.005
	虫草属 Cordyceps	蝉花 C. cicadae	56	0.142
		高雄山虫草 C. tenuipes	56	0.142
		玫烟色虫草 C. fumosorosea	54	0.137
		环链虫草 C. cateniannulata	28	0.071
		斜链虫草 C. cateniobliqua	4	0.010
		双梭孢虫草 C. bifusispora	1	0.003
	球束梗孢属 Gibellula	丽球束梗孢 G. pulchra	18	0.046
	蜡蚧菌属 Lecanicillium	刀孢蜡蚧菌 L. psalliotae	3	0.008
线虫草科 Ophiocordycipitaceae	线虫草属 Ophiocordyceps	黄棒线虫草 O. clavata	1	0.003
线虫草科 Ophiocordycipitaceae		红蚁线虫草 O. myrmicarum	1	0.003
		蚁生线虫草 O. myrmecophila	1	0.003
	多头霉属 Polycephalomyces	枝多头霉 P. ramosus	2	0.005
		枝垫多头霉 P. ramosopulvinatus	1	0.003
	紫孢菌属 Purpureocillium	淡紫紫孢菌 P. lilacinum	4	0.010
		蜘蛛紫孢菌 P. atypicola	1	0.003
麦角菌科 Clavicipitaceae	绿僵菌属 Metarhizium	金龟子绿僵菌 M. anisopliae	6	0.015
麦角菌科 Clavicipitaceae		莱氏绿僵菌 M. rileyi	3	0.013
		鳞腮绿僵菌 M. lepidiotae	2	0.008

月份 Month	菌株数 No. of strains	物种丰富度Species richness	优势度指数 Dominance index	均匀度 Evenness	Shannon-Wiener index	空气温度 Air temperature (℃)	空气湿度 Air humidity (%)
1	16	4	0.33	0.87	1.21	10 ± 2.1	44 ± 3.2
2	20	6	0.26	0.86	1.54	14 ± 2.8	43 ± 3.6
3	13	6	0.29	0.83	1.48	17 ± 2.3	40 ± 3.1
4	11	5	0.26	0.91	1.47	21 ± 2.2	46 ± 2.6
5	20	7	0.18	0.94	1.83	26 ± 2.3	68 ± 4.3
6	59	11	0.14	0.89	2.14	28 ± 1.1	83 ± 3.0
7	85	10	0.21	0.82	1.89	28 ± 1.5	75 ± 5.9
8	59	15	0.11	0.87	2.35	29 ± 0.8	57 ± 5.1
9	40	8	0.23	0.81	1.69	25 ± 1.1	63 ± 4.0
10	28	8	0.20	0.87	1.80	24 ± 1.2	60 ± 4.2
11	30	7	0.22	0.88	1.71	18 ± 1.7	51 ± 1.5
12	14	6	0.29	0.82	1.48	14 ± 1.6	47 ± 2.3

月份 Month	菌株数 No. of strains	物种丰富度Species richness	优势度指数 Dominance index	均匀度 Evenness	Shannon-Wiener index	空气温度 Air temperature (℃)	空气湿度 Air humidity (%)
1	16	4	0.33	0.87	1.21	10 ± 2.1	44 ± 3.2
2	20	6	0.26	0.86	1.54	14 ± 2.8	43 ± 3.6
3	13	6	0.29	0.83	1.48	17 ± 2.3	40 ± 3.1
4	11	5	0.26	0.91	1.47	21 ± 2.2	46 ± 2.6
5	20	7	0.18	0.94	1.83	26 ± 2.3	68 ± 4.3
6	59	11	0.14	0.89	2.14	28 ± 1.1	83 ± 3.0
7	85	10	0.21	0.82	1.89	28 ± 1.5	75 ± 5.9
8	59	15	0.11	0.87	2.35	29 ± 0.8	57 ± 5.1
9	40	8	0.23	0.81	1.69	25 ± 1.1	63 ± 4.0
10	28	8	0.20	0.87	1.80	24 ± 1.2	60 ± 4.2
11	30	7	0.22	0.88	1.71	18 ± 1.7	51 ± 1.5
12	14	6	0.29	0.82	1.48	14 ± 1.6	47 ± 2.3

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